Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 Cabletron Systems
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SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 9032578- 05.
Copyright © 2000 by Cabletr on Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cabletro n Systems, Inc. 35 Industrial Way Rochester , NH 03867 -5005 Printed in the United S tates of America Changes Cabletro n Systems, Inc., reserves th e right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice.
Regulatory Complia nce Informatio n SmartSwitc h Router User Re fer ence Ma nual iii Regulatory Comp liance Information This pr oduct complies with the followi ng: Safety UL 1950; CS A C22.2, No. 950; 73/23/EEC; EN 60950 ; IEC 950 Electr omagnetic FCC Part 15; CSA C108.
Regulato ry Complia nce Statem ent s iv SmartS witch Ro uter Use r Re ference Manual Industry Canada C ompliance Statement This digital apparatu s does n ot exceed the Class A limits for radio nois e emissions from digital apparatus set out in th e Radio Interfer ence Regulations of the Canadia n Department of Communica tions.
Safety Information: Class 1 Laser Transceivers SmartSwitc h Router User Re fer ence Ma nual v Safety Informa tion: Class 1 Laser T ransceivers This product ma y use Class 1 l aser transc eivers. Read the following sa fety informat ion before installing or operating this produ ct.
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Cabletron Systems Limited Pr ogram License Agreement x SmartSw itch Router User Reference Manual Cabletr on Systems Limited Pr og ram Lic ense A gr eem ent IMPOR T ANT : THIS LICENSE A PPLIES FOR THE .
Cabletron Systems Limited Pr ogram License Agr eement SmartSwitc h Router User Re fer ence Ma nual xi If the Program is exported from the United States pursuant to the License Exception TSR under the U.
Decl ara tio n of Confor mi t y Add e nd um xii SmartS witch Router User Refe r ence Manual Decl arat ion of Confor mity Addendum Applicatio n of Council D irective(s) 89/336/ EEC 73/23/ EEC Manufacturer ’ s Name Cabletro n Systems, Inc.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al xiii Contents About This Ma nual .............. .......... .............. ......... .............. ......... ............. 1 Related Documentation ............. ................. ............ .................
Contents xiv SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al MAC-address-ba sed VLANs.............. ...... ...... ..... ............ ..... ...... ..... ............ ..... ..... 23 Protocol-based VLANs............. ................. ................. ......
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual xv Contents Enabling Cell Scrambling .............. ........... ................. ................. ........... ................. .......45 Cell Mapping ............. ................. ............ ...........
Contents xvi SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Specifying E thernet Encapsulation Method ................... ........... ................. ........... ..... 79 Configuring Jumbo Frames ............ ........... ................. ............ .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual xvii Contents Configuring RIP Route Preference ..................... ............ ................ ............ ................108 Configuring RIP Route Default-Metric .......................... ........... .
Contents xviii SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Notes on Using Route Reflection ....... ...... ........... ...... ...... ..... ...... ........... ...... ..... ... 160 Chapter 13: Routing Policy Configurat ion Guide .............. ...........
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual xix Contents Importing a Selected Subset of R outes from All RIP Peers Accessible Over a Certain Interfa ce .......... ................. ................. ........... ................. ...........183 Example 2: Importing from OSPF .
Contents xx SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al Firewall Load Balan cing ............ ................. ............ ................. ........... ................. ........ 214 Monitoring IP Policies ...................... ................. ...
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual xxi Contents Virtual IP Address Ranges .......... ............ ................. ........... ................. ................242 Session and Netmask Persistence ................ ............ ................
Contents xxii SmartSwitch Route r User Reference M anual Editing ACLs Offline ................. ................. ............ ................. ................ ............ ........ 264 Maintaining ACLs Using the A CL Editor ........... ........... .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual xxiii Contents Layer-2 and Layer-3 & Layer-4 Flow Specification............................ ........... ...........292 Precedence for Laye r-3 Flows .................. ........... ................. .......
Contents xxiv SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Configuration Examples ........... ................. ............ ................. ........... ................. ........ 321 Displaying RMON Information .................. ........... .........
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual xxv Contents Defining the Type and Lo cation of a PPP Interf ace .......... ................. ................. .....346 Setting up a PPP Service Profile .......................... ............ ...............
Contents xxvi SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 1 About This Manual This manual pr ovides inform ation and pr ocedur es for conf iguring the SmartSwitch Router (SSR) softwar e.
Prefa ce 2 SmartS witch Router Use r Reference M anual [ x ] or [ <ita lics> ] or [ x <italics> ] Keywords and arguments within a s et of square brackets ar e optional . x | y | z | <italics> or [ x | y | z | <it alics > ] Keywords or arguments sepa rated by vertical ba rs indicate a choice.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 3 Chapter 1 Intr oduction This chapter pr ovides information that you n eed to know befor e configuring the SmartSwitch R outer (SSR).
Chapter 1: In troduction 4 SmartS witch Router Use r Reference M anual Using th e Comman d Line In terface Note: The SSR pr ovides both a graphical user in terface (Cor eW atch) and a command line interface (CLI) to configur e and manage the SSR. In this manua l, example configurations s how how to use the CLI com m ands to configu re the SSR.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 5 Chapter 1: Introd uction The Enable mode comman d prom pt consists of the SSR n ame followed by the po und sign(#): T o exit Enable mode and re turn to User mode, either type exi t and pr ess Return, or pr ess Ctrl+Z.
Chapter 1: In troduction 6 SmartS witch Router Use r Reference M anual you ar e. For example, if you ar e at the User mode pr ompt, enter a question mark (?) as shown in the following exam ple to list.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 7 Chapter 1: Introd uction without typing the subsystem name in each time. For example, if you ar e configuring several entries for the IP r outing table, you can simply enter ip at the CLI Configur e pro mpt.
Chapter 1: In troduction 8 SmartS witch Router Use r Reference M anual Ctrl-k Kill line fro m cursor to end of line Ctrl-l Refresh current line Ctrl-m Carriage return (executes command) Ctrl-n Nex t c.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 9 Chapter 1: Introd uction Displaying and Changing Configu ration Information The SSR pr ovides many commands for displaying and changing configuration information. For example, the CLI allow s for the “disabling” of a command in the active configuration.
Chapter 1: In troduction 10 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual The following figure illustrates the config uration file s an d the comman ds you can use to save your configu ration : Figure 1. Commands to Save Configura tions Erase commands in scra tchpad.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 11 Chapter 1: Introd uction Port Names The term port r efer s to a physical connector on a line car d installed in the SSR. The figur e below shows eight 10 Base-T/ 100 Base-TX ports o n a l ine card. Each port in the SS R is r eferred to in the following manner: <type > .
Chapter 1: In troduction 12 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual For example, the port name et.2.8 r efers to the port on the Ethernet line car d located in slot 2, connector 8, w hile the port name gi.3.2 r efers to the port on the Gigabit Ethernet line car d located in slot 3, connector 2.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 13 Chapter 2 Hot Swapping Line Car ds and Contr ol Modules Hot Swapping Overview This chapter describes the ho t swapping functionality of the SSR. Hot swapping is the ability to replace a line card or Control Module while the SSR is operatin g.
Chapter 2: Hot S wapping Line Cards and Control Modules 14 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Hot Swapping Line Car ds The pr ocedure for hot swapping a line card con sists of deactivating the line car d, removing it from its slot in the SSR cha ssis, and ins talling a n e w line card in the slot.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 15 Chapter 2: Hot Swapping Line Cards and Control Modules Removing th e Line Card T o remove a line card from the SSR: 1. Make sur e the Of fline LED on the line car d is lit. W arning : Do not r emove the line ca rd un less the Of fline LED is lit.
Chapter 2: Hot S wapping Line Cards and Control Modules 16 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Hot Swapping a Secondary Contr ol M odule If you have a secondary Control Module instal led on the SSR, you can ho t sw ap it with another Contr ol Module o r line car d.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 17 Chapter 2: Hot Swapping Line Cards and Control Modules Y ou can also use the system hotswap out command in the CLI to deactivate the Contr ol Module.
Chapter 2: Hot S wapping Line Cards and Control Modules 18 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Hot Swapping a Switching Fabric Modu le (SSR 8600 only) The SSR 8600 has slots f or two Switching Fa bric Modules. While the SSR 8600 is operating, you can ins tall a second Swit ching Fabric M odule.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 19 Chapter 2: Hot Swapping Line Cards and Control Modules Removing the Switching Fa bric Module T o remove the Switching Fa bric M odule: 1. Loosen the captive scr ews on each side of the Switching Fabric Module.
Chapter 2: Hot S wapping Line Cards and Control Modules 20 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 21 Chapter 3 Bridging Configuration Guide Bridging Overview The SmartSwit ch Router provides the follow ing bridging functi ons: • Compliance with the IEEE 802.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 22 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Bridging Modes (Flow-Based and Address-Based) The SSR pr ovides the following types of wir e-speed bridging: Addr.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 23 Chapter 3: B ridging Configuratio n Guide • Multicast based • Policy based Detailed informatio n a bout these types of VLA Ns is bey ond the scope of this man ua l. Each type of VLAN is briefly explained in the following subsections.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 24 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Multicast-based VLANs Multicast-based VLANs a re c reated dynamically for multicast groups.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 25 Chapter 3: B ridging Configuratio n Guide the SSR as a r esult of cr eating L3 interf aces for IP and/or IPX. However , these implicit VLANs do not need to be created or configur ed manually . The implicit VLANs created by the SSR ar e subne t-based VLANs.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 26 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual For example, if port 1 belongs to VLAN IPX_VLAN for IPX, VLAN IP_VLAN for IP and VLAN OTHER_VLAN for any other pr otoco l, then an IP frame received by port 1 is classified as belongi ng to VLAN IP_ VLA N .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 27 Chapter 3: B ridging Configuratio n Guide The corr esponding bridge tables for addr ess-based and flo w-based bridging ar e shown below . As shown, the bridge table contain s more information on the traffic patterns when flow-based bridging is enabled compar ed to address-based bridging.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 28 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Config uring Span ning T ree Note: Some commands in this facility req uire updated SSR ha rdwar e. Please r efer to Appendix A for details. The SSR supports per VLAN spanning tr ee.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 29 Chapter 3: B ridging Configuratio n Guide Setting the Bridge Pri ority Y ou can globally con f igure the priority of an indivi dual bridge wh en two bridges tie for position as the root bridge, or you can conf igu re the likeliho od th at a bridge will be selected as the r oot bridge.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 30 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Adjusting Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Intervals Y ou can adjust BPDU intervals as described in the following.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 31 Chapter 3: B ridging Configuratio n Guide T o change the default interval setting, enter the f ollowing command in Configur e mode: Configuring a Port- or Protocol -Based VLAN T o create a port or pr otocol based VLAN, pe rform the following steps in the Configur e mode.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 32 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Config uring VLANs fo r Bridgin g The SSR allows you to cr eate VLANs for AppleT alk, DECnet, SNA, and IPv6 tra ffic as well as for IP and IPX traf fic. Y ou can cr eate a VLAN fo r handling traf fic for a single pr otocol, such as a DECnet VLAN .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 33 Chapter 3: B ridging Configuratio n Guide Monito ring Bridgi ng The SSR provides display of bridging statist ics and configurations co ntained in the SSR. T o display bridging information, enter the following commands in Enable mode.
Chapter 3: Bridging Con figuration Guid e 34 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Cr eating a non-IP/non-IPX VLAN In this example, SNA, DECnet, an d AppleT alk hosts are connected to et.1.1 and et.2.(1- 4). Y ou can associate all the ports containin g these hosts to a VLAN called ‘RED’ with the VLAN ID 5.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 35 Chapter 4 SmartTRUNK Configuration Guide Ove rview This chapter expla ins how to configur e and monito r SmartTRUNKs on the S SR. A SmartTRUNK is Cabletron Systems’ technolo gy for load balancin g and load sharing .
Chapter 4: S martTRUNK Configuratio n Guide 36 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Configurin g SmartTRUNKs T o crea te a Smart TRUNK: 1. Crea te a SmartTRUNK and specify a contr ol pr otocol for it. 2. Add physi cal ports to the Sma r tTRU NK. 3.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 37 Chapter 4: S martTRUNK Configuratio n Guide T o add ports to a SmartTR UNK, enter the following command in Configur e mode:: Specify T raf fic Distribution.
Chapter 4: S martTRUNK Configuratio n Guide 38 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Example Confi gurations The following shows a netw ork design based on Sm artTRUNK s. R1 is an SSR o perating as a r outer , while S1 and S2 ar e SSRs operatin g as swi tches.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 39 Chapter 4: S martTRUNK Configuratio n Guide The following is the SmartTRUNK con figuration for the SSR labeled ‘R1’ in the diagram: The following is th.
Chapter 4: S martTRUNK Configuratio n Guide 40 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 41 Chapter 5 A TM Configuration Guide A TM O vervi ew This chapter pr ovides an overview of the A synchr onous T ransfer Mode (A TM) feature s available fo r the SmartSwi tch Router.
Service Class Definition 42 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual channe l having its own tra ffic paramete rs. Th e name “ virtual” implies that the co nnec tion is located in silicon instead of a physica l wire.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 43 Service Class Definition Cr eating a Service Class Definition T o create a service class definition, enter the follo wing command in Configur e mode: The f.
Service Class Definition 44 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual cells/sec). This is the sam e as PCR, but is expressed in kbits/sec, and therefor e may be a mor e convenient form.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 45 Cell Scrambling port <port list> Specifies the port, in th e format: media.slot.port.vpi.vci media Specifies the media ty pe. This is at for A TM ports . slot Specifies the slot number wher e the module is installed.
Cell Mapping 46 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual The following is a description of the para meters used to enable cell scrambling: port <port list> Specifies the port, in the f ormat: media.slot.port . S pecify all- ports to enable cell scrambling on all ports.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 47 Creating a Non-Zero VPI Cr eating a Non-Ze r o VPI The V irtual Path Identifier defines a virtual path, a gr ouping of virtual channels transmitti ng across the same physica l connection.
Displaying A TM Port Information 48 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Displaying A TM Port In formation Ther e are a variety of A TM statis tics that can be accessed thr ough the command line interface. The at m show commands can only be used in Enable mode.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 49 Displaying A TM Port Information T o display information about the service definition on an A TM port: The following is an example of the information that is displayed with the command listed above : The following is a description of the display fields: • Service Class Shows the type of service class.
Displaying A TM Port Information 50 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual T o display information about the port settings on an A TM port: The following is an example of the information that is displayed with the command listed above ( for a P DH PHY in terface) : • Port T ype Shows the type o f PHY interface for the port.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 51 Displaying A TM Port Information esf indicates extended super frame and is used for T1 frami ng. g832 is u sed for E3 framing. g751 is u sed for E3 framing. • VC Mode Shows the bit allocation for vpi an d vci.
A TM Sample Configuration 1 52 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual A TM Sample Configuratio n 1 Consider the following network configuration: The network shown consists of two SmartSwitch Ro uters, VLAN A, and VLAN B. Both SSRs have an A TM module with two A TM ports.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 53 A TM Sample Configuration 1 Configuring an Interface on an Ether net Port Ther e ar e two separate VLANs in this network, VLAN A an d VLAN B. VLAN A is connected to Ethernet port et.2.1 on SSR1, and VLAN B i s connected to Eth ernet port et.
A TM Sample Configuration 1 54 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Applying an A TM Service Class After defining a service class on SS R1 and SSR2, apply them to the VC connection we crea ted earlier . The following command line applies the service clas s ‘cbr1m’ to the VC (vpi=0, vci=100) on A TM port at.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 55 A TM Sample Configuration 1 Crea ting an IP r oute allows the inter faces on the A TM ports to act a s gateways to any subnet. T raffic from VLAN A r eaches the Eth ernet port on SSR1 and is a utomatically directed to the gateway addr ess (interface on the A TM port for SSR2).
A TM Sample Configuration 1 56 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 57 Chapter 6 Packet-over -SONET Configuration Guide Ove rview This chapter expla ins how to configur e and monito r packet-over -SONET (PoS) on the SSR. See th e sonet commands section of the SmartSwitch R ou t er C ommand Li ne Interface Reference Man ual for a description of each co mmand.
Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide 58 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Config uring IP Interfaces for PoS Links Configuring IP interfaces for PoS links is generally the same as for W ANs and for LANs. Y ou as sign an IP address to each interface and define routing mecha ni sms such as OSPF or RIP as with any IP network.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 59 Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide 2. Crea te a point-to-po int interface w ith the interface cre ate command, specifyin g the IP addr ess .
Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide 60 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Note: In APS termin ology , bridge means to tran smit identical traffic on both the working and protecting lines, while switch mean s to select traffic fr om either the protecting line or the working lin e.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 61 Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide T o manage the working a nd protecting PoS interfaces, enter the following comma nds in Configur e mode: Note: Y ou can on ly spe cif y o ne opt i on , lockoutprot , for ced or manual , for a port.
Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide 62 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual • Signal fa ilure BER threshold of 10 -3 (1 out of 1,0 00 bits transmitted is in err or).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 63 Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide Example Confi gurations This section sh ow s example conf igurations for PoS lin ks. APS PoS Links Between SSRs The following ex ample shows APS PoS lin ks between two SSRs, r outer A and r outer B.
Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide 64 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual PoS Link Between the SSR and a Cisco Router The following example show s a PoS link between an SSR, r outer A, and a Cisco 12000 series Gigabit Switch Router , router B.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 65 Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide Bridging and Routing T raf fic Over a PoS Link The following example shows ho w to configure a VLAN ‘v1’ that includes the PoS ports on two connected S SRs, router A a nd route r B.
Chapter 6: Packet-ove r-SONET Configuratio n Guide 66 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 67 Chapter 7 DHCP Configuration Guide DHCP Overview The Dynamic Host Configuration Pr otocol (DHCP) server on the SSR pr ovides dynamic address assignment and con figuration to DHCP ca pa ble end-user systems, such a s W indows 95/98/NT and Apple Macinto sh systems.
Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 68 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Configurin g DHCP By default, the DHCP server is n ot enabled on the SSR. Y ou can selectively enable DHCP service on particular interface s and not others. T o enable DHCP service on an interface, you must f irst define a DHCP sco pe .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 69 Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e T o define the parameters that the DHCP server gives the clients, enter the f ollowing command in Conf igure mode: Con.
Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 70 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Config uring DHCP Server Par ameters Y ou can configur e several “global” parameters that af fect the behavio r of the DHCP server itself.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 71 Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e DHCP Configuration Examples The followin g configuratio n describes DHCP con figuration for a simple network with just one interface on which DHCP service is enabled to pr ovide both dynamic and static IP addr esses.
Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 72 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual 9. Specify a r emote lease database o n the TF TP server 10.1. 89.88. 10. Specify a database update inter val of every 15 minutes. Config uring Secondary Subn ets In some netwo rk environments, multiple lo gical subnets can be im posed on a sing le physical segment.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 73 Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 6. Include ‘scope2’ in the superscope ‘super1’. Sinc e there a re mul tiple po ol s of I P address es , the p ool a sso cia ted w ith ‘ scop e1’ i s us e d first since ‘scope1’ is applied to the interfa ce befor e ‘scope2’.
Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 74 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual 6. Define the addr ess pool for ‘scope2’. 7. Crea te a superscope ‘super1’ that includes ‘scope1’. 8. Include ‘scope2’ in the superscope ‘super1’. For clients on the seco ndary subnet, the default gateway is 10.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 75 Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 4. Define the addr ess pool for ‘scope1’. dhcp scope1 define pool 10.
Chapter 7: DHCP Configuration Guid e 76 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 77 Chapter 8 IP Routing Configuration Guide The SSR supports standar ds-based TCP , UDP , and IP . This cha pter describes how to configur e IP interfaces an d general non-pr otocol -specific r outing parameters.
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 78 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Exterior Gateway Pr otocols are used to transfer information between diff er ent “autonomous systems”. The SSR supports the following Exterior Ga teway Pro tocol: • Bor der Gateway Protocol ( BGP) V ersi on 3, 4 (RFC 1267, 1771) .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 79 Chapter 8: IP Routing Configuratio n Guide Config uring IP Interf aces to Ports Y ou can configure a n IP interface directly to a physical port. Each port can be assigned multiple IP addresses repr esenting multiple subnets connected to the physical port.
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 80 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Config uring Jumbo Frames Certain SSR line ca rds suppo rt jumbo frames (frames lar ger than the standar d Ethernet frame size o f 1 518 bytes ). S ee Appendix A for more info rmation a bout fea tur es supported on line cards.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 81 Chapter 8: IP Routing Configuratio n Guide Configuring A ddr ess Resolution Protocol (ARP) The SSR allows you to configure A ddress Resolution Pr otocol (ARP) ta ble entries and parameters. ARP is used to associate IP addr esses with media or MAC addr esses.
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 82 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual When you enable packets to be dr opped for ho sts with unresolve d MAC addr esses, the SSR will still attempt to periodically r esolve these MA C addresses.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 83 Chapter 8: IP Routing Configuratio n Guide Specifying IP Inte rfaces for RARP The rarpd set inte rface command al lows you to specify which interfaces the SSR’s RARP server respo nds to when sent RARP requests.
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 84 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Monitoring RARP Y ou can use the followin g com mands to obtain informatio n ab out the SSR ’s R ARP configuration: Configuring D NS Parameters The SSR can be conf igured to specify DNS servers, which supply name services for DNS req uests.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 85 Chapter 8: IP Routing Configuratio n Guide • BOO T P/DHCP (port 67 and 68 ) • DNS (port 37) • NetBIOS Name Server (port 1 37) • NetBIOS Datagram Se.
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 86 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Configuring Denial of Service (DOS) By default, the SSR installs flows in the har dware so that packets sent as directed bro adcasts are d ropped in ha rdwar e, if dir ected br oadcast is not enabled on the interfa ce where the packet is received.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 87 Chapter 8: IP Routing Configuratio n Guide The following example displays the co ntents of the routing table. It shows that some o f the ro ute entries ar e for lo cally connected interface s (“dir ectly connected”), while some of the other r outes ar e learned f r om RIP .
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 88 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual T o start ro uter discovery on the SSR, enter the f ollowing command in Configur e mode: The rdisc start command lets you start r outer discovery on the SSR.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 89 Chapter 8: IP Routing Configuratio n Guide T o display router discovery information : Legend: 1. Inform a tion ab out the RDISC task. 2. Shows when the last r outer advertisement was sent and when the next advertisement will be sent.
Chapter 8: IP Routing C onfiguration Gu ide 90 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Configuration Examp les Assigning IP/IPX I nterfaces T o enab le routing on the SSR, yo u must a ssign an IP or IPX interface to a VLAN.
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manu al 91 Chapter 9 VRRP Configuration Guide VRRP Overview This chapter explains ho w to set up and monitor th e V irtual Router Re dundancy Pro tocol (VRRP) on the SSR. VR RP is defined in RFC 2 338. End host system s on a LAN are often config ured to send packets to a statical ly configured default r outer .
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 92 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Basic VRRP Config uration Figure 5 shows a basic VRR P configuration wi th a single virtua l ro uter . Routers R1 and R2 are both configured with one virtual r outer ( VRID=1 ).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 93 Chapter 9: VRRP Configuration Guid e In VRRP , the r outer that owns the IP a ddress associat ed with the virtual ro uter is the Master . Any other routers that par ticipate in this virtual router ar e Backups.
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 94 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Figure 6. Symmetrical VRRP Configuration In this configuration, half the hosts use 10.0.0.1/ 16 as their default r oute, and half use 10.0.0.2/16 . IP addr ess 10.0.0.1/16 is associated with virtual ro uter VRID=1 , and IP addr ess 10.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 95 Chapter 9: VRRP Configuration Guid e On line 5, Router R1 associates IP addr ess 10.0.0.2 /16 with virtual r outer VRID=2 . However , since Router R1 does not own IP addr ess 10.0.0.2 /16, it is not the defa ult Master for virtual r outer VRID=2 .
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 96 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual Figur e 7. Multi-Backup VRRP Configuration In this configuration, Router R1 is the Master for virtual r outer VRID=1 and the primary Backup for virtual ro uters VRID=2 and VRID=3 .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 97 Chapter 9: VRRP Configuration Guid e Configuration of Router R1 The following is the configu ration file fo r Rou ter R1 in Figure 7 . Router R1’s IP addr ess on interface test is 10.0. 0.1. Ther e ar e thr ee virtual r outers on this interface: • VRID=1 – IP ad dress =10.
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 98 SmartSwitch Router User Reference M anual The following table shows the priorities for ea ch virtual ro uter configured on Router R1. Configuration of Router R2 The following is the configu ration file fo r Rou ter R2 in Figure 7 .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 99 Chapter 9: VRRP Configuration Guid e Note: Since 100 is the default priority , line 9, which sets the priority to 100, is actually unnecessary . It is included for illustra tio n purposes only . Configuration of Router R3 The following is the configu ration file fo r Rou ter R3 in Figure 7 .
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 100 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Setting the Back up Priority As described in “Multi-Back up Configu ration” on pa ge 95 , you can s pecify which Back up ro uter takes over when the Master router goes down by s etting the priority for the Backup ro uters.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 101 Chapter 9: VRRP Configuration Guid e Setting an Authen tication Key By default, no authenticatio n of VRRP pa ckets is performed on the SSR . Y ou can specif y a clear-text password to be used to authenticate VRRP exchanges.
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 102 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al ip-redundancy show The ip-redundancy show command r eports inform ation about a VRRP conf iguration.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 103 Chapter 9: VRRP Configuration Guid e T o display VRRP statistics for virtual router 10 0 on interface int1: T o display VRRP information, ente r the following co mmands in Enable mode. VRRP Config uration Notes • The Master r outer sends keep-alive advertisements.
Chapter 9: VR RP Configuration Gu ide 104 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The skew-time depends on the Backup router's conf igured priority: Skew-time = ( (256 - Prio rity) / 256 ) Therefore, the higher th e priority, the faster a Backup router will detect that the Master is down.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 105 Chapter 10 RIP Configuration Guide RIP Overview This chapter describes how to conf igure th e Routing Information Pr otocol (RIP) on the SmartSwitch Router. RIP is a distance-vector r outing prot ocol for use in small networks.
Chapter 10: RIP Configuration Guide 106 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Enabling and Disabling RIP T o enable or disable RIP , enter one of th e following commands in Configur e mode. Configuring R IP Interfaces T o configure RIP in th e SSR, you must first add interf aces to inform RIP about a ttached interfaces.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 107 Chapter 10 : RIP Con figuration Guide T o change RIP parameters, en ter the following co mmands in Configur e mode. Authenticatio n None Update interval 30 seconds Set RIP V ersion on an interf ace to RIP V1.
Chapter 10: RIP Configuration Guide 108 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configuring R IP Route Prefer ence Y ou can set the prefer ence o f ro utes learned fr om RIP . T o configure RIP r oute pr efer ence, enter the following command in Configur e mode.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 109 Chapter 10 : RIP Con figuration Guide Configurati on Example Show RIP inf ormation on the specified interface. rip show interface <Name or IP-addr> Show RIP interface policy information. rip show interface-policy Show detailed information of a ll RIP packets.
Chapter 10: RIP Configuration Guide 110 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al ! ! Change defau lt metric- out rip set interf ace S SR1-if1 metric- out 3.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 111 Chapter 11 OSPF Configuration Guide OSPF Ov ervie w Open Shortest Path First Routing (OSPF) is a shortest pa th first or link-state pr otocol. The SSR supports OSP F V ersion 2.0, as def in ed in RFC 1583.
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 112 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al • T ype 1 ASE • T ype 2 ASE Intra-ar ea paths have destinations within the sa me area.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 113 Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide • Add IP interfaces to OSPF ar eas. • Configure OSPF interface parameters, if necessary . • Add IP netwo r ks to OSPF areas. • Create virtual links, if necess ary .
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 114 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Default Cost o f an OSPF Interface The default cost of an OSPF in terface is calculated using it s bandwidth. A VLAN that is attached to an interface could have several ports of differing speeds.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 115 Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide Config uring an OSPF Area OSPF areas are a collection of subnets th at are gr ouped in a logical fash ion. These areas communicate with other ar eas via the backbone ar ea.
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 116 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configuring OSPF Ar ea Parameters The SSR al lows config uration of various O SPF area parameters, in cluding stub a reas, stub cost and authentication method. Informatio n abo ut routes which are external to the OSPF ro uting domain is not sent into a stub ar ea.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 117 Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide T o configure virtual lin ks, enter the following commands in the Configur e mode. Configuring Auto nomous System Extern al (ASE) Link Advertisements Because of the natur e of OSPF , the rate at which AS Es ar e flooded may need to be limited.
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 118 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al • Point-to-Point. A point-to-point in terface can be a serial line using PPP . By default, an IP interface associated with a serial line that is using PPP is trea ted as an OSPF point- to-point network.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 119 Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide • ospf show commands allow you to display detailed versions of the various OSPF tables. The ospf show com mands can only displa y OSPF tables for the router on which the commands are being entere d.
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 120 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al OSPF Configurati on Examples For all examples in th is section, refer to the configurat ion shown in Figure 8 on page 124 .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 121 Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide Exporting All Interface & S tatic Routes to OSPF Router R1 has several static r outes. W e wo uld export these static routes as type-2 OSPF ro utes. The interface r outes would be r edistributed as type-1 OSPF r outes.
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 122 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Router R1 would like to redistribute its OSPF , OSPF-ASE, RIP , Static and Interface/Dire ct r out es i nto RI P . 1. Enable R IP on in terface 12 0.190.1.1/ 16. 2. Crea te a OSPF export destination for type-1 routes.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 123 Chapter 11: OSPF Configuratio n Guide 9. Crea te a RIP export destination. 10. Create OSPF export source. 1 1. Crea te OSPF-ASE export sour ce. 12. Crea te the Export-Policy for r edistributing all interface, RIP , static, OSPF and OSPF- ASE routes into RIP .
Chapter 11: OSPF Configuration Guide 124 SmartSwit ch Router User Reference M anual Figure 8. Exporting to OSPF BGP R1 R2 R3 R41 R42 R6 R11 A r e a B a c k b o n e A r e a 140.1. 0.0 (RIP V 2) 140.1.1.1 /24 140.1. 2.1/ 24 140.1. 5/24 140.1. 4/24 190.1.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 125 Chapter 12 BGP Configuration Guide BGP Ov ervie w The Bor der Gateway Pr oto col ( BGP) is a n exte rior gateway pr otocol tha t allow s IP r outers to exchange network r eachability information.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 126 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The SSR BGP Implementation The SSR r outing pr otocol implemen tation is based on Ga teD 4.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 127 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e Setting the Autonomous System Number An autonomous system number identifies your autono mous system to other routers. T o set the SSR’ s autonom ous system number , enter th e follo wing comm and in Conf igu re mode.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 128 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al wher e: peer -group < number-or-string> Is a group ID, wh ich can be a numb er or a charac t er s tring . type Spe cifies the type of BGP gr oup you ar e adding.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 129 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e Adding and Removing a BGP Peer Ther e ar e two ways to add BGP peers to peer gr oups.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 130 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al ( aspath_r egexp ) Parentheses group subexpressions. An operator , such a s * or ? works on a sing le element or on a r egular expr ession enclosed in par entheses.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 131 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e AS-Path Regular Expression Examples T o import MCI ro utes with a pre fer ence of 165 : T o import all routes (.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 132 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following is an example: Notes on Using the AS Pa th Prepend Featur e • Use the as-coun t option for external peer- hosts only . •I f t h e as-count option is entered for an active BGP session, routes wil l not be resen t to ref lect the new setting.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 133 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e • BGP Mul ti- Exit Di scriminato r (MED) attr ibute • EBGP agg regation • Route reflection BGP Peering Session Example The r outer process used for a specific BGP peering session is known as a BGP speaker .
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 134 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Figure 9 illustrates a sample BGP peering session. Figure 9. Sample BGP Peering Session The CLI configuration for r outer SSR1 is as follows: interface create ip et.1.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 135 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e The gated.conf file for r outer SSR1 is as follows: The CLI configuration for r outer SSR2 is as follows: The gated.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 136 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al An IGP , like OSPF , could possibly be used instead of IBGP to exch ange routing information between EBGP speakers within an AS. However , injecting full Internet r outes (50,000+ r outes) into a n IGP puts an expensive burden on the IGP r outers.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 137 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e Figure 10 shows a sa mple BGP conf igu ration tha t uses the Routin g group type. Figure 10. Sample IBGP Confi guration (Routing Gr oup T y pe) SSR6 SSR1 Cisco SSR4 lo0 172.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 138 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al In this example, OSP F is co nfigured as the IGP in the autonomou s sys tem.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 139 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e The following lines on the Cisco r outer set up IBGP peering with r outer SSR6.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 140 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Figure 1 1 illust rates a sample IBGP Interna l group configuration . Figur e 11. Sample IBGP Configuration (Inter nal Group T ype) The CLI configuration for r outer SSR1 is as follows: AS-1 SSR2 SSR1 17.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 141 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e The gated.conf file for r outer SSR1 is as follows: The CLI configuration for r outer SSR2 is as follows: The gated.conf file for r outer SSR2 is as follows: autonomoussystem 1 ; routerid 16.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 142 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The configuration for r outer C1 (a Cisco router) is as follows: The configuration for r outer C2 (a Cisco router) i.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 143 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e This sample configuration shows External BGP peers, S SR1 and SSR4, which ar e not connected to the same subnet. The CLI configuration for r outer SSR1 is as follows: Physical Link Legend: Peering Relationship SSR1 16.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 144 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The gated.conf file for r outer SSR1 is as follows: The CLI configuration for r outer SSR2 is as follows: The gated.conf file for r outer SSR2 is as follows: The CLI configuration for r outer SSR3 is as follows: autonomoussystem 64800 ; routerid 0.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 145 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e The gated.conf file for r outer SSR3 is as follows: The CLI configuration for r outer SSR4 is as follows: The gated.conf file for r outer SSR4 is as follows: Community At tribute Example The following configura tion illustrates the BG P community attri bute.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 146 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Figur e 12. Sample BGP Configuration (Specif ic Community) AS-64902 R11 172.26.1. 2/16 172.25.1. 2/16 192.168. 20.2/16 172.25.1. 1/16 1.1 R13 1.6 R10 192.169.20. 1/16 1 92.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 147 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e Figure 13. Sample BGP Conf iguration (Well-Known Community) The Communi ty a ttribute can be used in three ways: 1.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 148 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al In Figure 13 , rout er SSR11 has the f oll owing config uration : # # Create an optional attribute lis t with identi.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 149 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e In Figure 13 , rout er SSR13 has the f oll owing config uration : 3. In an Expor t Statement: The optiona l-attribute s-list option of the ip-router policy create bgp-e xport-destina tion command ma y be used to send the BGP community attribute.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 150 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al In Figure 13 , rout er SSR10 has the f oll owing config uration : In Figure 13 , rout er SS R14 has the foll ow ing .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 151 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e The communi ty attribute may be a sin gle communit y or a set of commun ities .
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 152 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Notes on Using Communities When origina tin g BGP commun ities, the set of com munities that is actually sent is the.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 153 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e SSR12. Becau se local pr efer ence is exchan ged between the r outers within the AS, a ll traf fic fr om AS 6490 1 is se nt to SSR13 a s the exit po int.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 154 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Using the local-pref Option For r oute r SSR12 ’s CL I con figu rat ion f ile, local-pre f is set to 194: For r outer SSR13, local -pref is set to 204.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 155 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e For example, in Figure 14 , routers SSR12 , S SR1 3, an d SS R14 h ave the fo llowing lin e in their CLI configu ration files: • The value of the set-pre f option should be consistent with the import policy in the network.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 156 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Routers SSR4 and SSR6 info rm r ou ter C1 abou t netw ork 17 2.16.2 00.0/24 t hr ou gh External BGP (EBGP). Ro uter SSR6 announce d the ro ute with a MED of 1 0, wherea s router SS R4 announces th e route with a MED of 20.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 157 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e Router SSR8 ha s the f ollowing CLI configuration : Router SSR9 ha s the f ollowing CLI configuration : Route Reflection Example In some ISP networks, the internal BGP mesh becomes quite lar ge, and the IBGP full mesh does not scale well.
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 158 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Figure 17 shows a sa mple configura tion that us es route reflection. Figure 17. Sample BG P Configuration (Route Reflection) In this example, ther e ar e two clusters.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 159 Chapter 12: B GP Configuration Guid e Router SSR1 1 has r outer SSR12 and router SSR13 as client peer s and ro uter SSR10 as non - client peer .
Chapter 12: BGP C onfiguration Guide 160 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Notes on Using Route Reflection • T wo types of route r eflection ar e supported: – By default, all r outes received by the route r eflector fr om a client ar e sent to all internal peers (includi ng th e client’s group, but not the client itself).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 161 Chapter 13 Routing Policy Configuration Guide Route Import an d Export Policy Overview The SSR f amily of routers supports extremely flexible routing policies.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 162 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Pr efer ence Prefer ence is the value the SS R r outing pr ocess uses to o r der pr efer ence of r outes fr om one pro tocol or peer over ano ther . Pr efer ence can be set using several differ ent conf iguration commands.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 163 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Impor t Polici es Import policies contr ol the importation of r outes fr om r outing pr otocols and their installatio n in the routing databases (Ro utin g Informatio n Base and Forwarding Information Base).
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 164 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al It is only poss ible to r estrict th e i mpo rtation of OS PF A SE routes when functioning a s an AS bor der r outer . Like the other interior pr otocols, pr efer ence cann ot be used to choose between OSPF ASE ro utes.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 165 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e The r outes to be exported can be identified by their associated attributes: • Their pr otocol type (RIP , OSPF , BGP , Static, Dire ct, Aggregate) . • Interface or the gatewa y from which th e route was received.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 166 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al A r oute will m atch the m ost specific filter that ap plies. Specifying mo re than one filter with the same destination, mask, a nd modifiers generates an err or .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 167 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Route aggregat ion is also used by r egional and n ational networks to r educe the amount of routing infor m at i o n pas sed aroun d.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 168 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Route-Filter This component specifies the individual r outes that ar e to be aggr egated or summarized. The pr efer ence to be a ssociated with these r outes can also be explicitly specified using this component.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 169 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Many protocols allo w the sp ecificati on of two authenti cation keys per int erface. Packet s are always sent using the primary keys, but received packets are ch ecked with both the primary and secondary keys befor e being discar ded.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 170 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The from- proto parameter specifies the pr otocol of the sour ce ro utes. The values for the fr om-pr oto parameter ca n be rip , ospf , bgp , direct , static , aggr egate an d ospf-ase .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 171 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Redistributing RIP into RIP The SSR r outing process r equir es RIP redistribution into RIP if a pr otocol is r edistributed into RIP .
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 172 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o redistribute aggr egate ro utes, enter one of the fo llowing commands in Configur e mode: Simple Rout.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 173 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Exporting a Given Static Route to All RIP Int erfaces Router R1 has several static routes of which one is the default route. W e would export this default r oute over all RIP interfaces.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 174 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al • Specify the static routes configured on the r outer • Determine its OS PF configu rati on Exporting All Interface & S tatic Routes to OSPF Router R1 has several static r outes.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 175 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e In the config uration sho wn in F igure 19 on page 185 , suppose we decide to run RIP V ersion 2 on network 120. 190.0.0/16, co nnecting r outers R1 and R2.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 176 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al ro utes to be exported can be identified by their associated attributes, such as pr otocol type, interface or the gateway from which th e ro ute was received, and so on.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 177 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Cr eating an Export Destination T o create an export destinat ion, enter on e the following co mmands in .
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 178 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o create route import policies, enter the following command in Configur e mode: The <imp-sr c-id> is the identifier o f the import-sour ce that determines the sour ce of the imported ro utes.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 179 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Cr eating an Aggregate Route Route aggregation is a method of gener ating a more genera l ro ute, given the pr esence of a specific route. The r outing pr ocess does not perform any aggr egation unless explicitly req uested.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 180 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The <filter-id> is the identifier of the r oute-filter associated with this aggr egate.
SmartSwitch Route r User Reference Manual 181 Chapter 13: Routing Policy Configuratio n Guide Figure 18. Exporting to RIP Internet R6 R42 R41 R1 R2 R3 R7 135.3.1.1/ 24 135.3.2.1/ 24 135.3.3.1/24 140.1.1.4/24 140.1.1.1 /24 130.1.1.1/16 130.1.1.3 /16 120.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 182 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following configuration commands for r outer R1: • Determine the IP addr ess for each interface. • Specify the static routes configured on the r outer .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 183 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Importing a Selected Subset of Routes from One RIP T rusted Gateway Router R1 has several RIP peers. Router R41 has an interface on the network 10.51.0.0 . By default, r outer R41 advertises network 10.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 184 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Example 2: Importing from OSPF Due to the natur e of OSPF , only the importation of ASE r outes may be contr olled. OSPF intra-and int er-ar ea r outes are always impo rted into the SSR routing tabl e with a preferen ce of 10.
SmartSwitch Route r User Reference Manual 185 Chapter 13: Routing Policy Configuratio n Guide Figure 19. Exporting to OSPF BGP R1 R2 R3 R41 R42 R6 R11 A r e a B a c k b o n e A r e a 140.1.0 .0 (RIP V2) 140.1 .1.1 /24 140.1. 2.1/ 24 140.1. 5/24 140.1.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 186 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following configuration commands for r outer R1: • Determine the IP addr ess for each interface • Specify the static routes configured on the r outer • Determine its OS PF configu rati on Importing a Selected Subset of OSPF-ASE Routes 1.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 187 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Examples of E xport Policies Example 1: Ex porting to RIP Exporting to RIP is contr olled by any of pr o toco l, interfa ce or gateway . If more tha n one is specified, they ar e pr ocessed fr om most general (pro tocol) to most specific (gateway).
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 188 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Exporting a Given Static Route to All RIP Int erfaces Router R1 has several static routes, of which one is the default route. W e would export this default r oute over all RIP interfaces.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 189 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e 4. Create a Direct export sour ce since we would like to export direct/interface routes. 5. Crea te the export-policy r edistributing the statically created default r oute, and all (RIP , Direct) r outes into RIP .
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 190 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Exporting All Static Route s Reachable Over a Given Interface to a Specific RIP- Interfa ce In this case, r outer R1 would export/r edistribute all static routes accessible thr ough its inter face 130 .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 191 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Exporting Aggregate-Routes into RIP In the config uration sho wn in F igure 18 on page 181 , suppo se yo u de cide to r un RI P V ersion 1 on network 130. 1.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 192 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al 8. Crea te the Expo rt-Policy r edistributing all (RIP , Dir ect) r o utes an d the aggr egate r oute 140.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 193 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e Exporting All Interface & S tatic Routes to OSPF Router R1 has several static r outes. W e wo uld export these static routes as type-2 OSPF ro utes. The interface r outes would r edistributed as type 1 OSPF ro utes.
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 194 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al 4. Create a Direct export sour ce since we would like to export int e rfac e/direct routes. 5. Crea te the Export-Policy for r edistributing all interface routes and static r outes into OSPF .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 195 Chapter 13: Ro uting Policy Configuration Guid e 5. Crea te a RIP export sour ce. 6. Crea te a Static e xport source. 7. Crea te a Dir ect export sour ce. 8. Crea te the Export-Policy for r edistributing all interface, RIP and static routes into OSPF .
Chapter 13: Routing Policy C onfiguration Guide 196 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al 12. Crea te the Export-Policy for r edistributing all interface, RIP , static, OSPF and OSPF- ASE routes into RIP .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 197 Chapter 14 Multicast Routing Configuration Guide IP M ultic ast Overv iew Multicast r outing on the SSR is supported thr ough DVMRP and IGMP . IGMP is used to determine host membership on directly atta ched subnets.
Chapter 14: Multic ast Routing Con figuration Guide 198 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The SSR allows per-interf ace contr ol of the h ost query interval and r esponse time. Q uery interval defines the time between IGMP q ueries. Response time defines the time the SSR will wait for host r esponses to IGMP queries.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 199 Chapter 14: Multicast Routin g Configuration Guid e Configurin g IGMP Y ou conf igur e I GMP on the SSR by per formi ng the fol lowi ng conf igur ation t .
Chapter 14: Multic ast Routing Con figuration Guide 200 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o configur e the host r esponse wait time, en ter the following co mmand in Configur e mode: Configuring Per -Interface Control of IGMP Membership Y ou can configur e the SSR to con trol IGMP m embership on a per -interface basis.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 201 Chapter 14: Multicast Routin g Configuration Guid e • Configuring DVMRP on individual interfaces. Y ou do so by enabling and disabling DVMRP on interfa .
Chapter 14: Multic ast Routing Con figuration Guide 202 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Config uring the DVMR P Routin g Metric Y ou can config ure the DVMRP r outing me tric as sociated with a set of destinations for DVMRP reports. The default metric is 1.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 203 Chapter 14: Multicast Routin g Configuration Guid e T o preven t the SSR fr om forwa rding any data destined to a scoped gr oup on an interfa ce, enter th.
Chapter 14: Multic ast Routing Con figuration Guide 204 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configurati on Examples The following is a sample SSR con figuration f or DVM RP and IGMP . Seven subnets are crea ted. IGMP is enabled on 4 IP interfaces.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 205 Chapter 14: Multicast Routin g Configuration Guid e dvmrp enable interface 172.1.1.10 dvmrp enable interface 207.135.122.11 dvmrp enable interface 207.135.89.64 dvmrp enable interface 10.40.1.10 ! ! Set DVMRP parameters ! dvmrp set interface 172.
Chapter 14: Multic ast Routing Con figuration Guide 206 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 207 Chapter 15 IP Policy-Based Forwar ding Configuration Guide Ove rview Y ou can configure th e SSR to ro ute IP packets accor ding to policies that you define. IP policy-based ro uting allows network manage rs to engineer traf fic to make the most eff icient use of their network r esources.
Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based Forwarding C onfiguration Guide 208 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al ISPs. Y ou can also cr eate IP policies to select service pr oviders based on various traf fic types. Configuring I P Polic ies T o implement an IP policy , you first cr eate a pr ofile for the packets to be fo rwarded using an IP policy .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 209 Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based F orwarding Con figuration Guid e For example, the followin g com mand creates an IP policy called “p1” and specifies tha t packets matching pr ofile “pr of1” ar e forwar ded to next-hop gateway 10.
Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based Forwarding C onfiguration Guide 210 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Setting Load Dist ribution for Next -Hop Gateways Y ou can specify up to four next-ho p ga teways in an ip-policy st ateme nt.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 211 Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based F orwarding Con figuration Guid e IP Polic y Con figuration Examples This section pr esents some examples of IP policy configurations.
Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based Forwarding C onfiguration Guide 212 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following is the IP policy conf ig uration for the Po licy Router in Figure 20 : Prioritizing Service to Customers An ISP can use policy-based r outing on an access router to supply dif feren t customers with differ ent levels of service.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 213 Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based F orwarding Con figuration Guid e T raffic from the pr emium custo mer is lo ad ba lanced across two next-hop gateways in the high-cos t, high-availa bility ne twork.
Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based Forwarding C onfiguration Guide 214 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Packets from users defined in the “contra ctors” group a re sent th rough a fir ewall. If the firew all cannot be r eached packets fro m the contractors gr oup ar e dr opped.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 215 Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based F orwarding Con figuration Guid e The following is the configu ration for Poli cy Router 1 in Fig ure 23 . The following is the configu ration for Poli cy Router 2 in Fig ure 23 .
Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based Forwarding C onfiguration Guide 216 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al For example, to display informa tion about an active IP policy called “ p1”, enter the following comma nd in Enable mode: Legend: 1. The name of the IP policy .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 217 Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based F orwarding Con figuration Guid e 1 1. The sequence in which the statem ent is evaluated. IP policy statements ar e listed in the or der they ar e evaluated (lowest sequence number to highest).
Chapter 15: IP Policy-Based Forwarding C onfiguration Guide 218 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 219 Chapter 16 Network Addr ess T ranslation Configuration Guide Ove rview Note: Some commands in this facility r equire updated SSR har dwar e.
Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Con figuration Guide 220 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The SSR allows yo u to cr eate the followin g NA T addr ess bindings: • Static, one-to-one bindin g of inside, local addr ess or a ddress pool to o utside, global addr ess or addr ess pool.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 221 Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Configuratio n Guide Setting NA T Rules Static Y ou create NA T static bindings by entering the following command in Conf igure mode. Dynamic Y ou create NA T dynamic bindings by entering the following command in Configur e mode.
Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Con figuration Guide 222 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Manag ing Dynamic B indings As mentioned previo usly , dynamic addr ess bindings expire only after a period of non-use or when they ar e manually deleted.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 223 Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Configuratio n Guide The default timeout fo r DNS dynami c address bindings is 30 mi nutes.
Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Con figuration Guide 224 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Monito ring NA T T o display NA T information, enter the following command in Enable mode. Configurati on Examples This section sh ow s examples of N A T confi gura tions.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 225 Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Configuratio n Guide Using Static NA T Static NA T can be used w hen the local and global IP addr esses are to be bound in a fixed manner . These bindings never get r emoved nor time out until the static NA T command itself is negated.
Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Con figuration Guide 226 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Next, define the interf aces to be NA T “inside” o r “outside”: Then, define the N.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 227 Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Configuratio n Guide Dynamic NA T w ith IP Overload (P A T) Configuration The following example configur es a dynamic addr ess binding for inside a ddresses 10.1.1.
Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Con figuration Guide 228 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al the pools and the SSR automatically choo ses a free globa l IP fr om the global poo l for the local IP . Dynamic bindings are r emoved when the flow count goes to zer o or the timeout has been rea ched.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 229 Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Configuratio n Guide Using Dynamic NA T with DNS When a client fr om outside sends a query to the static global IP addr ess of the D NS server , NA T will trans late the global IP ad dress to the loc al IP addres s of the D NS ser ver .
Chapter 16: Netwo rk Address T ranslation Con figuration Guide 230 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Then, define the NA T dynamic r ules by first cr eating the sour ce ACL poo l and then con.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 231 Chapter 17 W eb Hosting Configuration Guide Ove rview Accessing information on w ebsites for both work or personal purposes is becoming a normal practice f or an incr easing number of peo ple.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 232 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Load Balanc ing Note: Load balancing r equires updated SSR ha rdwar e. Please r efer to Appendix A for details. Y ou ca n use the l oad balanc ing feature on the SSR to distri bute session load across a g roup of servers.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 233 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide redir ects the request to the actual server addr ess and port.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 234 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al directed to the same load balancing server (for example, the server with IP address 10.1.1.1 ). • Sticky persistence: a binding is determined by matching the source and destination IP addresses only .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 235 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide Optional Gr oup or Server Operating Para meters Ther e are several commands you can specify that af fect the operating parameters of individual servers or the entir e gr oup of load balancing servers.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 236 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al V e rifying Servers and Applicat ions The SSR automatically performs the follo wing types of verification for the a ttached load balancing servers/applications: • V erifies the state of the server by sending a ping to the server at 5 -second intervals.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 237 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide V erifying Extended Content Y ou can also have the SSR verify the con ten t of an appl ication on one o r more load balancing servers.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 238 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o set the status of a load balancin g server , enter the follo wing command in Enable mode: Load Balancin.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 239 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide T o specify the timeout for load balancing mappings, enter the following command in Configur e mode: Display.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 240 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Web Hosting with One Virtual Group and Multiple Destination Server s In the following example, a company web site is established with a URL of www . ctron.com.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 241 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide Web Hosting with Multiple Virtual Grou ps and Multiple D estination Serve rs In the followi ng example, thr ee differ ent servers ar e used to pr ovide dif fer ent services for a site.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 242 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Virtual IP Address Ranges ISPs who provide w eb hosting services for their clients requir e a larg e number of virtual IP addresses (VIPs).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 243 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide The networ k shown in the pr evious example can be cr eated with the fo llowing load- balance commands: Session and Netm ask Persistence In the following example, traf fic to a company web site (www .
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 244 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al W eb Ca ching W eb caching provides a way to stor e fr equently accessed W eb obj ects on a cache of local servers. Each HTTP r equest is transparen tly redir ected by the SSR to a configur ed cache server .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 245 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide Specifying the Client (s) for the Cache Group (Optional) Y ou can explicitly specify the hosts whose HTTP r equests are o r are not r edirected to th e cache servers.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 246 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Config uration Example In the following example, a cache gro up of seven local servers is con figured to st.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 247 Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Con figuration Guide which HTTP req uests are not r edir ected to the cache servers, en ter the following command in Conf igure mode: Proxy Server Redundancy Some networks use pr oxy servers that r eceive HTTP r equests on a non-stan dard port number (i.
Chapter 17: W eb Hosting Config uration Guide 248 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Show cachin g policy info rma tion. web-cache show cache-name <cache-name> |all Show cache server information.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 249 Chapter 18 IPX Routing Configuration Guide IPX Rou ting Overview The Internetwork Packet Exchange ( IPX) is a datagram connectionless pr otocol for the Novell NetW are enviro nment. Y ou can conf igure the SS R for IPX r outing and SAP .
Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guid e 250 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al this information is immediately br oadcast to any neighboring routers. Routers also send periodic RIP br oadcast packets containing a ll routing information kn own to the r outer .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 251 Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guide Configuring I PX RIP & SAP This section pr ovides an overview of conf iguring various IPX parameters and setting up IPX interfaces. IPX RI P On the SSR, RIP aut om atically runs on all IPX interf aces.
Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guid e 252 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configuring I PX Interfaces and Parameters This section pr ovides an overview of conf iguring various IPX parameters and setting up IPX interfaces. Configuring IPX Addresses to Ports Y ou can configure o ne IPX interface dir ectly to a physical port.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 253 Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guide Specifying IPX Encapsulation Method The SmartSwitch Router supports four encapsulation types for IPX. Y ou can configur e encapsulation type on a per-interface basis.
Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guid e 254 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Config uring Static Rout es In a Novell NetW are network, the SSR uses RIP to determ ine the best paths for r outing IPX. However , you can add sta tic RI P routes to RIP ro uting tab le to explicitly specify a rou t e .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 255 Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guide T o create an IPX access contr ol list, perform the following task in the Configur e mode: Once an IPX access control list has been created, you must apply th e access control list to an IPX interface.
Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guid e 256 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Creating an IPX GNS Access Control List IPX GNS access control lists con trol which SAP services the S S R can reply with to a get near est server (GNS) request.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 257 Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guide Monito ring an IPX Netwo rk The SSR r eports IPX interfa ce information an d RIP or SAP r outing information.
Chapter 18: IPX Routing Con figuration Guid e 258 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al !Add static sap ipx add sap 0004 FILESERVER1 9.03:04:0 5:06:07:08 452 1 AAAAAAAA ! !RIP Access List acl 100 deny ipxrip 1 2 ! !RIP inbound filter acl 100 apply interface ipx1 input ! !SAP Access List acl 200 deny ipxsap A.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 259 Chapter 19 Access Contr ol List Configuration Guide This chapter expla ins how to configur e and use Access Contro l Lists (ACLs) on the SSR. ACLs ar e lists of selection criteria for specific types of packets.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 260 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al ACL Basics An AC L co nsists of on e or mo re rules describing a particula r type of IP or IPX traf fic. ACLs can be simple, cons isting of only one rule, or compl ica ted with ma ny ru les.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 261 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e These selection criteria ar e specified as fields of an ACL r ule.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 262 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al How ACL R ules ar e Evaluated For an ACL with multiple r ules, the orde ring of the ru les is important. When the SSR checks a packet against an ACL, it goes thr ough each r ule in the ACL sequentially .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 263 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e W ith the implicit deny rule, this ACL actually has three r ules: If a packet comes in an d doesn't match the first two r ules, the packet is dropped.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 264 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al you would have to cr eate an ACL to allow respon ses from each specific outsid e host. If the number of outside hosts that internal users need to access is lar ge or changes fr equently , this can be difficult to mainta in.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 265 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e Suppose the following ACL commands ar e stor ed in a fi le on some hosts: The first command, no acl * , negates a ll commands that start with the keywor d, “ac l”.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 266 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al If y ou ed it a nd s ave cha ng es t o an A CL tha t is curren tly bei ng u se d or appl ie d to a n interface, the chan ges will take ef fect immediately .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 267 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e application). Note that for an external agent to modify or r emove an applied ACL fr om an interface, the acl -pol icy en able ext e rnal comma nd mu st be in the conf igur atio n.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 268 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Like ACLs that ar e applied to interfaces, A CLs that are applied to L ayer 4 bridging ports can be applied to either inbound or outbo und traf fic.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 269 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e • Unlike with other kinds of ACLs, ther e is no implicit deny rule for Pr ofile ACLs. • Only certain ACL rule para meters are r elevant for each configuration command.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 270 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al criteria (in this case, flows fr om sour ce addr ess 1.2.2.2) . Then you use a rate-limit command to specify what happens to pa ckets that match the selection criteria (in this example, dr op them if their bandwidth usage e xceeds 10 Mbps).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 271 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e Once you have define d a Pr ofile ACL, you can th en use the nat create dynami c comm an d to bind the range of IP addr esses defined in the local pr ofile to a rang e in network 192.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 272 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Redirecting HTTP T raffic to Cache Servers Y ou can use a Profile ACL to specify which HTTP traf fic should always (or never) be redir ected to the cach e servers.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 273 Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e Enabling ACL Logging T o see whether incoming packets ar e permitted or denied because of an ACL, you can enable ACL logging . Y ou can enable logging when applying the AC L or yo u can enable logging for a specif ic ACL rule.
Chapter 19: Access C ontrol List Configuration Guid e 274 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Monito ring ACLs The SSR provides a display of ACL config urations act ive in th e system. T o display ACL information, en ter the following co mmands in Enable mode.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 275 Chapter 20 Security Configuration Guide Security Overview The SSR pr ovides security featur es that help contr ol access to the SSR and filter traf fic going thr ough the SSR.
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 276 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configurin g SSR Access Sec urity This section describes the following m ethods of con trolling access to the S.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 277 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e Monitoring RADIUS Y ou can monitor RAD IUS configuratio n and statistics w ithin the SSR .
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 278 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Config uring T ACA CS Plus Y ou can secu re login or Enable mode access t o the SSR by ena bling a T ACACS Plu s client. A T ACACS Plus server r esponds to the SSR T ACACS Plus client to pr ovide authentica tion.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 279 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e Monitoring T ACACS Plus Y ou can monitor T ACACS Plus configuration and statisti cs within the S SR.
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 280 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al A secure filter shuts down acc ess to the SSR based on MAC addresses. All packets received by a por t are dropped. When com bined with static entries, however, these filters can be used to drop a ll received traffic but allow some fram es to go through.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 281 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e Configuring Layer -2 Port-to -Addr ess Lock Filters Port address lock filters allow you to bind or “loc k” specific source MAC addr esses to a port or set of ports.
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 282 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configuring Layer -2 Secure Port Filters Secur e port filters block access to a specified port. Y o u can use a secure port f ilter by itself to secure unused ports.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 283 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e Monitoring Layer -2 Security Filt ers The SSR pr ovides display o f Layer -2 security filter con figurations contained in the r outing table. T o display security filter information, enter the f ollowing commands in Enable mode.
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 284 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Des t ina t ion f ilt er: No one from the en gineering group ( port et.1.1) should be al lowed to access the finance server . All traffic de stine d to the fin anc e server's MAC will be dr opped.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 285 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e Note: If the consult an t’s M AC is detected on a differ ent port, all of its traffic will be blocked.
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 286 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Layer -4 Bridging an d Filtering Layer-4 bridging is the SSR’s a bili ty to use lay e r- 3/4 in f ormation to perfor m f iltering or QoS during bridgin g.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 287 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e Cr eating a Port-Based VLAN for Layer -4 Bridging The ports to be used in Laye r-4 Br idging must all be on the same VLAN.
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 288 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al In the example in Figur e 25 on page 286 , to allow the consultants access to the file server for e-mail (SMTP).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 289 Chapter 20: Sec urity Configuration Guid e • If you use a SmartTRUNK in a with Layer-4 Bridging VLAN, the SSR maintains the packet or der on a per -f low basis, rather than per -MAC pair .
Chapter 20: Security Configura tion Guide 290 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 291 Chapter 21 QoS Configuration Guide QoS & Layer -2/Layer -3/Layer -4 Flow Overv iew The SSR allows netw ork managers to identify traf fic and set Quality of Ser vice (QoS) policies without compr omising wi re speed perfo rmance.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 292 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al W ithin the SSR, QoS policies are used to classify Layer -2, Layer -3, and La yer-4 traf f ic into the following pri.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 293 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e Pr ecedence for Layer -3 Flows A pre cedence fr om 1 - 7 is associated with each field in a flo w . The SSR uses the precede nce value associated with the fields to break ties if packets ma tch more than one flow .
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 294 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al If a port operates in flow -bridging mode, you can be more specific an d configure priorities for frames that m atch both a sour ce AND a destination MAC addr ess and a VLAN ID.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 295 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e Y ou can crea te one or more prio rity maps that are dif fer ent fr om the default priority map and then apply these maps to some or all ports of the SSR. The new priority mapping replaces th e default mappings for those ports to which they ar e applied.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 296 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al configur ed to use the def ault priority map only . If the comman ds to crea te and apply priority maps exis t in the active config uration, they wi ll remain in the configura tion but be inef fective.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 297 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e Setting an IP Q oS Policy T o set a QoS policy on an IP traf fic flow , enter the following command in Configur e mode: For example, the f ollowing command assigns contr ol priority to any traf fic coming fr om the 10 .
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 298 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Specifying Precedence for an IPX QoS Policy T o specify the preced ence for an IPX QoS policy , enter th e following command in Configur e mode: Configuring SSR Queueing Pol icy The SSR queuing pol icy is s et on a system-wi de basi s.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 299 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e W eighted Random Early Detection (WRED) Random Early Det e ction (WRED) allevi ates traffic congestion issues by selectivel y dro pping packets before the queue becomes completely flooded.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 300 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al For example, setting the T oS f ield to 0010 specifies that a packet will be routed on the most reliable path s. Setting the T oS field to 1000 specifies that a packet will be ro uted on the paths with the least delay .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 301 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e are r ewritten to the <tos-pr ece dence-r ew rite> value and the lower five bits ar e r ewritten to the <tos- rew rite > value.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 302 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Monito ring QoS The SSR pr ovides display of QoS statistics and configuration s contained in the SSR. T o display QoS information, en ter the following co mmands in Enable mode: Show al l IP QoS flo ws.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 303 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e Limi ting T raf fic Ra te Note: Some commands in this facility req uire updated SSR har dware. Please r efer to Appendix A for details. Rate limit ing provides the ability to control the usage of a fundament al network resource, bandwidth.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 304 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o enable aggr egate rate limiting mode on the SSR , enter the f ollowing command in Configur e mode: T o change the rate limiting mod e on the SSR back to per -flow mode, negate th e above command.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 305 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e T o define a port rate limit policy , enter one of the following commands in Configur e mode: Note that for output port policies, the only actio n that you can specify if traf fic exceeds the specified rate is to dr op packets.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 306 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o define an aggr egate rate limit policy and apply the policy to an interface, enter the following commands in Conf igure mode: Note: Y ou cannot use non-IP ACLs for aggregat e rate limit policies.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 307 Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Guid e T raffic fr om two interface s, ‘ipclient1’ with IP addr ess 1.2.
Chapter 21: QoS Configuration Gu ide 308 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Display ing R ate Li mit In form ation T o show information about rate limit policies, enter the following command in Enable mode: Show rate li mit policy informatio n.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 309 Chapter 22 Performance Monitoring Guide Performanc e Monitoring Overview The SSR is a full wir e-speed layer -2, 3 an d 4 switching ro uter . As packets enter the SSR, layer-2 , 3, and 4 f low tables ar e populated on each line car d.
Chapter 22: Perform ance Monitori ng Guide 310 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Show information about the master MAC table. l2-tables show mac-table-stats Show inf o rmatio n about a part ic u lar MAC a ddres s. l2-tables show mac Show info about mu ltica sts register ed by IGMP .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 311 Chapter 22: Perform ance Monitoring Guid e Configuring the SSR for Port M irrorin g The SSR allows you to monitor activity with port mirr oring.
Chapter 22: Perform ance Monitori ng Guide 312 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 313 Chapter 23 RMON Configuration Guide RMON Ov erview Y ou can employ Remot e Network Moni toring (RMO N) in your network to help m onitor traf fic at rem ote points on the network. W ith RMON, data co llection and pr ocessing is done with a remote probe , namely the SS R.
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 314 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Configurin g and Enabling RM ON By default, RMON is disabled on the SSR. T o configure a nd enable RMON on the SSR, follow these steps: 1. T urn on the Lite, Stan dard, or Pr ofessional RMO N groups by entering the rmon set lite|sta ndard|pro fessional command.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 315 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide RMON Groups The RMON MIB gr oups ar e defined in R FCs 1757 (RMON 1) an d 2021 (RMON 2) . On the SSR, you can con figure one or mor e levels of RMON support for a set of ports.
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 316 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Standard RMON Gr oups This section describes the RMON gr oups that ar e enabled when you specify the Standar d support level. The Standar d RMON gr oups ar e shown in the table belo w .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 317 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide Control T ables Many RMON gr oups contain both contr ol and data tables.
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 318 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al A r ow in the contr ol table is cr eated for each port on the SSR, with the owner set to “monitor”. If you want, you can ch ange the owner by using the appr opriate rmon command.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 319 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide followi ng co mmand : Configurin g RMON Gr oups As mentioned previously , control tables in many RMO N groups specify the data that is to be collected for the particular RMON gro up.
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 320 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o configure the Filter group, you must confi gure both the Channel and Filt er control tables.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 321 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide Config uration Examples This section sh ow s examples of conf ig uration com mands that specif y an event that generates an SNMP trap and the alarm condition th at triggers the event.
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 322 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al • Samples taken at 300 seco nd (5 minute) intervals. • A “Startup” alarm generation condition ins tructing the SSR to gen erate an alarm if the sample is greater than or equal to th e rising threshold or less than or equal to the fallin g threshold.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 323 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 1 T o display Ethernet statistics and related statistics for W AN ports, RMON ha s to be activated on that port.
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 324 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The follow ing shows H ost table output wit hou t a CLI filter: The following shows the sa me rmon sh ow ho sts co .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 325 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide Creating RMON CLI Filters T o create RMON CLI filters, use the following CLI command in Configur e mode: Using RMON .
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 326 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Check the following fields on the r m on show st a tus com mand output: 1. Make sur e that RMON has been enabled on the SSR. When the SS R is boot ed, RMON is off by default.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 327 Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide Allocating Memory to RMON RMON allocates memory depending on the number of po rts enabled for RMO N, the RMON gr oups that have been con figured, and whether or not default tables have been turned on o r off .
Chapter 23: RMON Configuratio n Guide 328 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al T o set the amount of memory allocated to R MON, use the following CLI command in User or Enable mode: Specifie s the total am ount of Mbytes of memory allocated to RMON.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 329 Chapter 24 LF AP Configuration Guide Ove rview The Lightweight Flow Accounting Pr otocol (LF AP) agent, defined in RFC 2124, is a TCP- oriented pr otocol used to push accounting information co llected on the SSR to a Flow Accounting Server (F AS).
Chapter 24: LF AP Configuratio n Guide 330 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Cabletr on’ s T raf fic Ac counting Servic es Cabletro n’s Accounting Services consists of the followi ng components: • LF AP agent on the SSR that co llects appl ication flow accountin g informati on and sends it to the Cabletr on F AS.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 331 Chapter 24: LF A P Configuration Guide attempts to co nnect to it via TCP f irst. If the connection fa ils, then the next config ured F AS is tried. A F AS can be configured a s the primary F AS for one group o f SSRs and the seconda ry F AS for another gr o up of SSRs.
Chapter 24: LF AP Configuratio n Guide 332 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Monito ring the LF AP Agent on the SSR The lfap s how commands display information abo ut the configuration o f the LF AP agent on the SSR and its curr ent status.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 333 Chapter 25 WA N Configuration Guide This chapter pr ovides an overview of W ide Area Network (W AN) applications as well as an overview o f both Frame Relay and PPP co nfiguration for the SSR.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 334 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Using the same appr oach, a PPP high-speed serial in terface (HSSI) W AN port located at ro uter slot 3, port 2 w ould be identified as “hs.3. 2”. Configuring W AN Interfaces Configuring IP & IPX interfaces for the W AN is generally the same as for the LAN.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 335 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e The following comman d line displays an example for a VLAN: Mapped Addresses Mapped peer IP/IPX addr esses ar e very similar to static addr esses in that InArp is disabled for Frame Relay and the addr ess negotiated in IPCP/IPXCP is ignor ed for PPP .
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 336 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following command line displays an example for a VLAN: Forc ing Bridged Encapsulation W AN for the SSR has the ability to for ce bridged packet enca psulation.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 337 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e A verag e Packet Siz e In most cases, the lar ger the packet size, the better the potential com pression ra tio. This is due to the over head involved with compr ession, as well as the compr ession algorithm.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 338 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following command line displays an example for PPP: Packet Encryption Packet encryption allows data to travel thr ough unsecur ed networks.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 339 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Source Filtering and ACLs Sour ce filtering and ACLs can be applied to a W AN interface; however , they affect the entire module, not an individual port.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 340 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al works with IP Preced ence or priority , as defined in the qos configuration com mand line, to pr ovide prefe r ential traff ic handling for higher -priority traf fic.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 341 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Permanent Virtual Circu its (PVCs) W AN inte rfaces can t ake advan tage of connecti ons th at assur e a minimu m level o f available bandwidth at all times.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 342 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Setting up a Frame Relay Service Pr ofil e Once you have defined the type and location of your Fram e Relay W AN interface(s), you can configur e your SSR to mor e ef ficiently utilize available bandwi dth for Frame Relay communica tions.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 343 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Monitoring Frame Relay W AN Ports Once you have configur ed your frame r elay W AN interface(s), you can use the CLI to monitor status and statistics for your W AN ports.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 344 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al • Committed information rate (CIR) of 20 million bits per second • Leave high-, low-, and medium-priority queue.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 345 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Point-to-Poin t Pr otoc ol (PPP) Overview Because of its a bility to quickly a nd easily acco mmodate IP and IPX protocol traffic, Point- to-Point Protocol (PPP) routing has become a very im portant aspect of W AN configuratio n.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 346 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al W AN interfaces, then apply a service pr ofile to the desired interfa ce(s).
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 347 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Note: If it is necessary to specify a value f or Bridging, IP , and/or IPX, you must specify all thr ee of these values at the sam e time. Y ou cannot specify just one or two of them in the command line witho ut the other(s).
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 348 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al pro cessing by MLP . If compr ession is enabled on a link, the packets will be compressed after the MLP processin g. In general, choose bundle com pression over link compr ession whenever possible.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 349 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Suppose you wish to set up a service pr ofile called “pr ofile2” that includes the following characteristics : .
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 350 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al W AN Configu ration Examples Simple Configu ration File The following is an example of a simp le conf ig uration fi.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 351 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Multi-Router W AN Configuration The following is a diagram of a mu lti-router W AN config uration encom passing th ree subnets.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 352 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Router R1 Configuration File The following configura tion file applies to Rou ter R1. Router R2 Configuration File The following configura tion file applies to Rou ter R2.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 353 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e Router R3 Configuration File The following configura tion file applies to Rou ter R3 . Router R4 Configuration File The following configura tion file applies to Rou ter R4 .
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 354 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Router R5 Configuration File The following configura tion file applies to Rou ter R5. Router R6 Configuration File The following configura tion file applies to Rou ter R6.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 355 Chapter 25: W AN Configuration Guid e port set hs.3.1 wan-encapsulation frame-relay speed 45000000 frame-relay create vc port hs.3.1.106 frame-relay define service CIRforR1toR6 cir 45000000 bc 450000 frame-relay apply service CIRforR1toR6 ports hs.
Chapter 25: W AN Configurati on Guide 356 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 357 Appendix A New Featur es Supported on Line Car ds Intr oduc tion Some of the f eatur es in firmware versions 3.0 and 3 .1 ar e only supported on certain line car ds. The following sections list SSR line cards a nd the firmware features tha t ar e supported on each car d.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 358 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al The following table lists the line car ds available for the SS R 8000/8600 prior to the 3.0 firmwar e release an d the supported feature s. Line Car ds Introduced at the 3.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 359 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards In addition, these car ds support all pr e-3.0 firmwar e featur es. All car ds, except for the gigabit Ethernet cards, a lso support WFQ. The following table lists the line car ds introd uced for the S SR 8000/860 0 with the 3.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 360 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Line Card Pa rt Number Pre-3.0 SSR Firmware Featur es WFQ Listed 3 .
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 361 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards SSR 2000 Line Cards The following table lists the line car ds available for the SS R 2000 and the supported fea tures : Line Card Pa rt Number Pre-3.0 SSR Firmware Feature s WFQ Listed 3.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 362 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al New Featur es that Requir e Specific Li ne Car ds T -series line cards, -AA revision lin e cards, and non -AA revision line cards can be used in the same chassis.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 363 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 364 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al When multiple routers ar e con nected together , only the r outer using Network Addr ess T ranslation requir es the -AA o r T -series line card.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 365 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards When load balan cing is implem ented in a single system , the ports th at attach to bot h incoming and outgoing inte rfaces must reside on -AA o r T -series line cards.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 366 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al When a VLAN spans acr oss multiple SSRs with 802.1Q tr unk ports, the r equirem ents for -AA or T -series line car ds depend on how layer 4 bridgin g is deployed.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 367 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards on SSR C since SSR C does not have a -AA or T -series line car d.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 368 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al To S R e w r i t e The T oS r ewrite command allows a network administrator to change the va lue in the T oS octet (which includes both th e Precedence o r T oS fields) in each IP packet.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 369 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards W eighted Random Ear ly Detectio n (WRED) W eighted Random Early Detection (WRED) algorithms can alleviate traf fic con gestion.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 370 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al Identifying a Line Car d A TM, packe t-over-S ONET , and 16 -port 10/10 0 BASE-TX line car ds a re T -series line car ds intro duced with the 3.1 firmwar e r elease.
SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manual 371 Appendix A: New Features S upported on L ine Cards Example 2: ssr# system sh ow hardware verbose : : Slot CM/1, M odule: 10/100-TX R ev . 1.0 Service String: 2 _D 1.2 _0.512_ I 2.0 _2_O 2.0 _0.512 : : The above Service S tring shows a “non -AA” 10/10 0 Base TX line car d.
Appendix A: New Features Supp orted on Line C ards 372 SmartSwi tch Router User Reference Manu al.
An important point after buying a device Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Cabletron Systems SMARTSWITCH ROUTER 9032578-05 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
