Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product z/OS IBM
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August 2004 IBM ^ zSeries 990 and z/OS Reference Guide.
2 T able of Contents z/Ar chitectur e page 5 IBM ~ zSeries 990 page 6 z990 Family Models page 10 z990 and z900 Performance Comparison page 12 z990 I/O SubSystem page 13 z990 Channels and I/O Connectiv.
3 zSeries Overview T echnology has always accelerated the pace of change. New technologies enable new ways of doing business, shifting markets, changing customer expectations, and redefi ning business models. Each major enhancement to technology presents opportunities.
4 The variable data center needs to be able to respond to the ever -changing demands that occur when you sup- port multiple diverse workloads as a single entity . It must respond to maintain the quality of service r equired and the cost of utilizing the resour ces must refl ect the chang- ing environment.
5 z/Arc hitecture The zSeries is based on the z/Architectur e ™ , which is designed to reduce bottlenecks associated with the lack of addressable memory and automatically directs r esources to priority work through Intelligent Resour ce Director . The z/Architectur e is a 64-bit superset of ESA/390.
6 Operating System ESA/390 z/Arch Compati Exploita (31-bit) (64-bit) bility tion OS/390 ® V ersion 2 Release 10 Y es Y es Y es No z/OS V ersion 1 Release 2 No* Y es Y es No z/OS V ersion 1 Release 3 .
7 The new IBM ^ zSeries Application Assist Processor (zAAP), planned to be available on the IBM ^ zSeries 990 (z990) and zSeries 890 (z890) serv- ers, is an attractively priced specialized processing .
8 T o support the new scalability of the z990 a new improve- ment to the I/O Subsystem has been introduced to “br eak the barrier” of 256 channels per Central Electronic Com- plex (CEC).
9 Each book can support up to 64 GB of Memor y , delivered on two memory cards, and 12 STIs giving a total of 256 GB of memory and 48 STIs on the D32 model. The memor y is delivered on 8 GB, 16 GB or 32 GB memory cards which can be purchased in 8 GB incr ements.
10 The z990 offers 4 models, the A08, B16, C24 and D32, which can be confi gur ed to give customers a highly scal- able solution to meet the needs of both high transaction processing applications and the demands of e-business.
11 Although CBU and On/Off Capacity on Demand can both reside on the server , the activation of On/Off Capacity on Demand is mutually exclusive with Capacity BackUp (CBU) and no physical hardwar e upgrade will be sup- ported while On/Off Capacity on Demand is active.
12 The perfor mance design of the z/Architectur e enables the entire server to support a new standard of performance for applications through expanding upon a balanced system approach.
13 • Comparing a 16-way z900 Model 216 to a z990 model with sixteen CPs enabled, it is estimated that the z990 model has 1.45 to 1.53 times the capacity of the 216.
14 z990 Logical Channel SubSystems (LCSSs) and support for greater than 15 Logical Partitions (LP) In order to pr ovide the increased channel connectivity requir ed to support the scalability of the z.
15 Logical Channel SubSystem (LCSS) Spanning The concept of spanning channels provides the ability for a channel to be confi gur ed to multiple LCSSs and therefor e they may be transparently shar ed by any/all of the logical partitions in those LCSSs.
16 channels are enabled on these existing featur es via a License Internal Code (LIC) with a new mode of operation and new CHPID defi nition. FCP is available in long wave- length (LX) and short wavelength (SX) features, though the LX and SX cannot be intermixed on a single feature.
17 Fibre Channel Connectivity The on demand operating environment r equires fast data access, continuous data availability , and improved fl ex- ibility all with lower cost of ownership.
18 links defi ned on the FICON Expr ess SX channel cards ar e up to 500 meters (1,640 feet) and 250 meters (820 feet) for 50 and 62.5 micron multimode fi ber , respectively . The maximum unrepeated distances for 2 Gbps links defi ned on the FICON Express SX channel car ds are up to 300 meters and 120 meters for 50 and 62.
19 W ave Division Multiplexor and Optical Amplifi ers that sup- port 2 Gbps FICON Express links are: Cisco Systems ONS 15530 and 15540 ESP (LX, SX) and optical amplifi er (LX, SX), Nortel Networks Optera Metro 5100, 5200 and 5300E and optical amplifi er , ADV A Fiber Service Platfor m (FSP) 2000 system and the IBM 2029 Fiber Saver .
20 FICON cascaded directors have the added value of high integrity connectivity . New integrity features introduced within the FICON Express channel and the FICON cas- caded switch fabric to aid in the detection and reporting of any miscabling actions occurring within the fabric can prevent data fr om being delivered to the wr ong end point.
21 FCP Full fabric connectivity FCP full fabric support means that any number of (single vendor) FCP directors/ switches can be placed between the server and FCP/ SCSI device, thereby allowing many “hops” through a storage network for I/O connectivity .
22 z990 OSA-Express 1000BASE-T Ethernet The new OSA-Express 1000BASE-T Ethernet feature replaces the curr ent Fast Ethernet (10/100 Mbps) feature. This new feature is capable of operating at 10,100 or.
23 Queued Direct Input/Output (QDIO) The OSA-Express Gigabit Ethernet, 1000BASE-T Ethernet and T oken-Ring features support QDIO (CHPID type OSD), which is unique to IBM. QDIO was fi rst intr oduced to the world on the z900, in Communication Server for OS/390 2.
24 NON-QDIO operational mode The OSA-Express 1000BASE-T Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and T oken-Ring also support the non-QDIO mode of operation (CHPID type OSE). The adapter can only be set (via the CHPID type parameter) to one mode at a time. The non-QDIO mode does not provide the benefi ts of QDIO.
25 LP AR Support of OSA-Express For z990 customers or customers who use the Processor Resource/Systems Manager (PR/SM) capabilities IBM offers the Multiple Image Facility (MIF), allowing the shar - ing of physical channels by any number of LP ARs.
26 HiperSockets, a function unique to the zSeries, provides a “TCP/IP network in the server” that allows high-speed any-to-any connectivity among virtual servers (TCP/IP images) and LP ARs within a zSeries system without any physical cabling.
27 This support gives the user the fl exibility to optimize and tune each HiperSockets to the predominant traffi c profi le, for example to distinguish between “high bandwidth” workloads such as FTP versus lower bandwidth interactive workloads.
28 In the on demand era security will be a strong r equirement. The zSeries products will continue to addr ess security with announcements and deliveries of products and featur es.
29 a method for key identifi cation, exchange, separation, update, backup, and management. The TKE worksta- tion and 4.0 code level are designed to pr ovide a secure, remote, and fl exible method of providing Master Key Entry and to remotely manage PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessors.
30 The z990 supports concurrent memory upgrade. This capa- bility will allow a processor’ s memor y to be increased with- out disrupting the processor operation. T o take advantage of this capability , a customer should not plan processor storage on the 16 or 32 GB increments.
31 the processors in the takeover site to acquir e processing power requir ed to restart mission-critical production work- loads. GDPS-CBU management helps to minimize manual customer intervention and the potential for errors, which can help reduce the outage time for critical workloads fr om hours to minutes.
32 • Cryptographic Cards: The PCIXCC and PCICA cards plug in the I/O cage and can be added or replaced con- currently with system operation. • Redundant Cage Controllers: The Power and Service Control Network featur es redundant Cage Contr ollers for Logic and Power control.
33 Although there is a signifi cant value in a single footprint and multi-footprint environment with r esource sharing, those customers looking for high availability must move on to a database data sharing confi guration.
34 • Dynamic ICF Expansion: Dynamic ICF expansion pro- vides value by providing extra CF capacity when ther e are unexpected peaks in the workload or in case of loss of CF capacity in the cluster .
35 Customers who are inter ested in testing and/or deploy- ing System-Managed CF Structure Duplexing in their sysplex should review GM13-0103, System-Managed CF Structure Duplexing at ibm.com /server/eserver/zseries/ pso or ibm.com /server/eserver/zseries/library/techpapers/ gm130103.
36 the options to be considered is locating one of the Sysplex Timers in an intermediar y site that is less than 40 km from one of the two sites (as can be seen in the diagram below). Other potential options can be evaluated when the RPQ is order ed. z990 Theoretical Maximum Coupling Link Speed • ISC-3.
37 • ICB-3. The Integrated Cluster Bus-3 is used to provide high-speed coupling communication between a z990 server or CF and a z800/z900 server or CF or between two z800/z900s over short distances (~7 meters). For longer distances, ISC-3 links must be used.
38 LP AR CPU Management LP AR CPU Management allows WLM working in goal mode to manage the processor weighting and logical processors acr oss an LP AR cluster . CPU resources ar e automatically moved toward LP ARs with the greatest need by adjusting the partition’ s weight.
39 On a z990, the scope of Channel Subsystem I/O Priority Queuing is a Logical Channel SubSystem. Channel Subsystem Priority Queuing complements the IBM Enterprise Storage Server capability to manage I/O priority across CECs.
40 On the other hand, the GDPS solution based on Extended Remote Copy (XRC), referr ed to as GDPS/XRC, has the attributes of a Disaster Recovery solution. XRC is a com- bined hardwar e and software asynchr onous remote copy solution. The application I/O is signaled completed when the data update to the primary storage is completed.
41 unplanned HyperSwap capability lays the foundation for continuous availability , even in the event of a complete site failure. In the event of a complete failur e of the site where the primary disk.
42 GDPS/PPRC management f or open systems LUNs (Logi- cal Unit Numbers) : GDPS/PPRC technology has been extended to manage a heterogeneous envir onment of z/OS and open systems data.
43 of Sysplex Timers in an Expanded Availability confi gura- tion remains at 40 km (25 miles). Ther efore, to achieve the extended distance of up to 100 km between sites, one of the options to be considered is locating one of the Sysplex Timers in an intermediar y site that is less than 40 km from one of the two sites.
44 Automatic Enablement of CBU for Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex The intent of the GDPS (CBU) is to enable automatic man- agement of the reserved PUs pr ovided by the CBU feature in the event of a processor failur e and/or a site failure.
45 Continuous Availability Recommended Confi guration for Parallel Sysplex Note: z990 will attach to 9037-001 or 9037-002. Service for 9037-001 will be discontinued at the end of 2003.
46 Linux on zSeries Linux and zSeries are a gr eat team. Linux has the same appearance and application programming interfaces no matter what platform it is running on, since it is designed to be platform-independent.
47 – WebSpher e Application Server Advanced Edition V ersion 3.5 – WebSpher e Commerce Business Edition V ersion 5.4 – WebSpher e Host On-Demand V ersion 7.0 and 6.0 – WebSpher e MQ Everyplace V ersion 2.0 and 1.2 – WebSpher e MQ V ersion 5.
48 Linux Distribution Partners • SUSE LINUX Product Information at suse.de/en/produkte/susesoft/S390/ • T urbolinux Product Information at turbolinux.com/products/s390 • Red Hat Linux Product Information at redhat.com/softwar e/S390 z/VM Version 4 and V ersion 5 z/VM supports Linux on the mainframe.
49 T wo impor tant networking technology advancements are announced in z/VM 4.4 and Linux on z990: • The high perfor mance adapter interrupt handling fi rst introduced with HiperSockets is now available for both OSA-Express in QDIO mode (CHPID=OSD) and FICON Express (CHPID=FCP).
50 Cryptographic Support for Linux Linux on zSeries running on standard z990, z900, and z800 engines is capable of exploiting the hardwar e cryp- tographic feature pr ovided by the PCICA feature (PCI Cryptographic Accelerator).
51 Processor Unit Assignments Model Min. PU* Max. PU SAP Standard Spares Standard A08** 1 8 2 2 B16** 1 16 4 4 C24** 1 24 6 6 D32** 1 32 8 8 *PU can be characterized as CP , IFL, ICF , Optional SAPs, .
52 z990 Frame and I/O Confi guration Content: Planning for I/O The following diagrams show the capability and fl exibility built into the I/O subsystem. All machines are shipped with two frames, the A-Frame and the Z-Frame and can have between one and three I/O cages.
53 Channels and channel adapters no longer supported on z990 The following channels and/or channel adapters are no longer supported: • Parallel channels - an ESCON converter is required; IBM 9034 or.
54 CF Level Function 13 Protocol used with fi ber channel expected to be more effi cient than ESCON Helps lower T otal Cost of Ownership (TCO) Only 2 cross site FCP links / ESS requir ed for most wo.
55 zSeries fi ber cabling now of fers three options to addr ess a solution for your fi ber cable installation. Enterprise fi ber cabling offers two additional options to help meet your structured (trunking) envir onments requir ements.
56 While zSeries servers are supported by a number of dif- ferent operating systems, their most advanced featur es are power ed by z/OS. z/OS is the foundation for the future of zSeries, an integral part of the z/Architecture designed and developed to quickly respond to the demanding qual- ity of service requir ements for on demand businesses.
57 • Software pricing models designed to support on demand reality z/OS 1.6 is the fi rst r elease of z/OS that requir es the z/Architectur e. This release will only run on zSeries servers (z890, z990, z800, z990) or equivalent servers. z/OS.e z/OS.
58 The IBM JVM processing cycles can be executed on the confi gur ed zAAPS with no anticipated modifi cations to the Java application(s). Execution of the JVM processing cycles on a zAAP is a function of the Software Developer’ s Kit (SDK) 1.4.1 for zSeries, z/OS 1.
59 The msys for setup dialogs use defaults and best prac- tices values whenever possible and derive low-level values from answers to high-level questions. After the confi gura- tion parameters have been specifi ed, msys for Setup can automatically update the system confi guration dir ectly .
60 WLM Improvements for WebSphere z/OS 1.5 can simplify WLM control for W ebSphere. Customers now have the choice to manually defi ne WebSpher e application environments for WLM or have WebSpher e defi ne them as and when r equired.
61 availability . This for m of clustering, known as single system image, also provides tr emendous scale. Up to 32 zSeries servers with z/OS can appear as a single image for data sharing applications (see previous section, Parallel Sysplex Clustering T echnology).
62 z/OS provides systems management functions and fea- tures to manage not only host r esources, but also distrib- uted systems resour ces. These capabilities have a long, successful history of usage by S/390 customers.
63 Adv anced System A utomation The unique and rich functions of IBM Tivoli System Auto- mation for OS/390 (SA OS/390) V ersion 2.2 (separately orderable) can ease z/OS management, r educe costs, and increase application availability .
64 With one command, a security administrator can update remote RACF databases without logging on to r emote sys- tems. Throughout the enterprise, RACF commands can be sent automatically to synchronize multiple databases. In addition, RACF can automatically propagate RACF data- base updates made by applications.
65 z/OS SSL support includes the ability for applications to create multiple SSL envir onments within a single process. An application can now modify environment attributes without terminating any SSL sessions already underway . • IPv6 Support: This suppor t allows System SSL to be used in an IPv6 network confi guration.
66 • Support for IPv6 and 64-bit addressing • Peer -to-peer replication provides failover support for server availability . If a primar y master server fails, there is now a backup master to which LDAP operations can be directed.
67 Network A uthentication Ser vice • Network Authentication Service provides authentica- tion, delegation and data confi dentiality services which are inter operable with other industry implementations based on the MIT Kerberos V5 r eference implementa- tion.
68 C/C++ IBM Open Class ® Library : As previously announced in Software Announcement 203-131, dated May 13, 2003, the application development support (that is, the head- ers, source, sidedecks, objec.
69 REXX Functions z/OS 1.4 extends the REXX language on z/OS when used in a UNIX System Services zSeries REXX environment. It includes functions for standard REXX I/O and to easily access some common fi le services and envir onments vari- ables.
70 z/OS supports Enterprise Identity Mapping (EIM). EIM defi nes a user’ s security context that is consistent through- out an enterprise, regar dless of the User ID used and regar dless of which platform the user is accessing. RACF commands are enhanced to allow a security administrator to defi ne EIM information for EIM applications to use.
71 • Separate address space for TN3270 servers • TCP/IP Sysplex health monitoring Network Services benefi ts can include: • Function for on demand Internet and intranet applications • Multive.
72 • More fi le descriptors per UNIX pr ocess are pr ovided in z/OS 1.6, which supports up to 64K per process. • Additional support for 64-bit programming, conditional variables in shared memory , Euro symbol, and superkill support, along with enhancements to the automount daemon and Unicode.
73 • Addition of ISHELL support for zFS. • Ability to perfor m I/O operations in parallel for a zFS aggregate that spans multiple DASD volumes. This is designed to provide impr oved perfor mance when using multi-DASD volume aggregates. • Support for 64-bit user vir tual buffer addr esses.
74 Print Services z/OS Version 1 Release 6 optional priced features Infoprint ® Server – IP PrintW ay ™ – NetSpool ™ – z/OS Print Interface Infoprint Server provides a r eliable, high availability , secure and scalable foundation for customer’ s enterprise printing infrastructure.
75 • Data stream transforms let you print AFP ™ applications on printers using PCL, PostScript or PDF . Y ou can also print PCL, PostScript and PDF output on AFP printers.
76 Installation Considerations CustomPac is a suite of services designed to help you effi ciently install, migrate and maintain a z/OS system. It can also help with migrating and maintaining z/OS system- related pr oducts and/or third parties’ software vendor products.
77 This consistent coexistence, migration and fallback policy applies to release migrations for: • Single system confi gurations • Individual systems within a multisystem confi guration • Cases where a simultaneous IPL is used to migrate all systems in a multisystem confi guration at the same time.
78 Wizards z/OS wizards ar e available on the Internet to help to set up some of the z/OS functions. These wizards ar e interac- tive assistants that ask a series of questions about the task to be perfor med (for example, setting up a Parallel Sysplex environment).
79 The infrastructure for e-business on demand ™ envir on- ments can be deployed with visionary technology on z/VM, including advanced virtualization, suppor t for open source software, and autonomic computing enhancements.
80 Additional enhancements in z/VM V3 include: • Native FlashCopy for Enterprise Storage Server (ESS) for high-speed data copy • Guest support enhancements for 3494 VTS and FICON attached 3590 A60.
81 – an interface to dynamically change users in work- loads, workload characteristics, and goals – more fl exibility using the VMRM confi guration fi le when managing multiple users – improv.
82 can help simplify migration from one r elease to another , facilitate the transition to newer applications, provide a test system whenever one is needed, and consolidate several to provide virtual access to the latest DASD and processor architectur e for systems that lack such support.
83 – post-processing of Performance T oolkit for VM histor y fi les and of VM monitor data captured by the MON- WRITE utility – viewing of perfor mance monitor data using either Web browsers or PC-based 3270 emulator graphics The toolkit also provides the capability to monitor TCP/IP for z/VM, as well as to process Linux performance data.
84 The guest LAN support provided in z/VM V4.2 simulates the HiperSockets function for communication among virtual machines without the need for real IQD channels, much as VM simulates channel-to-channel adapters for communication among virtual machines without the need for ESCON, FICON, or other real channel-to-channel con- nections.
85 z/VM Version 5 (V5) z/VM V ersion 5 Release 1 (V5.1) continues the evolution of its premier and world-class zSeries virtualization technology with a new version to offer traditional capabilities to manage zSeries operating systems, including Linux, on a single mainframe as guests of z/VM.
86 • PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessor (PCIXCC) support provides z/OS and Linux guest support for the PCIXCC Feature available with the z990 and z890 severs. Deliv- ery of the z/VM PCIXCC suppor t satisfi es the Statement of Direction made on May 13, 2003.
87 • IPv6 support for guest LANs has been enhanced to allow the z/VM TCP/IP stack to be confi gured for IPv6 networks connected through OSA-Expr ess operating in QDIO mode. The stack can be confi gured to pr ovide static routing of IPv6 packets and to send IPv6 Router Advertisements.
88 Copyright IBM Corporation 2004 Integrated Marketing Communications, Server Group Route 100 Somers, NY 10589 U.S.A. Produced in the United States of America 08/04 All Rights Reserved References in this publication to IBM pr oducts or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every countr y in which IBM operates.
An important point after buying a device IBM z/OS (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought IBM z/OS yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data IBM z/OS - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, IBM z/OS you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get IBM z/OS will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of IBM z/OS, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime IBM z/OS.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with IBM z/OS. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device IBM z/OS along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
