Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product NR-10 Star Micronics
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I .: . NR-IO/l5 USER’S MANUAL NOT INTENDED FOR SALE PN 80820158.
Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is. in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. may cause interference to radio and television reception.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 7 Setting Up Your Printer Locating the printer Check the carton contents Removing the printer cover Removing the packing tube Installing the ribbon cart.
Chapter 4 Printing with BASIC Some basics of BASIC First steps ASCII codes and the CHR$ function Control codes The escape codes A note on command syntax Selecting the right software mode Some special .
81 Chapter 6 Special Features of the Printer Now hear this Resetting the printer Taking the printer off line Printing the bottom of the sheet Backspace, delete, and cancel text Printing zeroes Immedia.
I ,i, Appendix C Function Codes Commands to control print style Font style controls Print pitch controls Special print modes Controlling the vertical print position Line feed and reverse line feed For.
CHAPTER 1 SETTING UP YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 1 include - l Choosing a suitable place for your printer l Unpacking l Setting up LOCATING THE PRINTER Give some thought to the best place to put the printer. Both the printer and computer should be used in normal office surroundings.
2 You should also have a parallel interface board co connect your computer to the printer. Also available are a parallel interface board with extra buffer memory and a serial interface board, both optional.
the way. To replace the cover, slide the tabs in at the front and lower it into place. Figure 1-2 shows the proper position and movement for both removing and replacing the cover.
4 n Installing the ribbon cartridge This printer uses a neat, easy-to-change ribbon cartridge with automatic threading. To fit or change the ribbon car- tridge: 1. Turn off the power and remove the printer cover. 2. Slide the print head gently to the center of the printer.
5 II Figure 15. To thread the ribbon, slide the print head carriage manually to the right or left, and the ribbon will slip down by itself into its proper position. n Installing the mute cover The mute cover reduces the printer’s operating sounds. Note the position of the guide pins on the mute cover as shown in Figure 1-6.
6 H Installing the interface board board Figure 1-7. Slide the IjF board into the slot. A parallel interface board comes standard with your printer. In addition, there are two optional interface (I/F).
CHAPTER 2 _ _- h.. -_ L. 5_. . _ L. -. _... GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 2 include - l Parts of the printer - what they’re for and how to use them l Paper selection and l.
Mute cover Power cord Power switch Figure 2-1. Front and rear views of the printer. PLATEN - This is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head. INTERFACE COVER - On the back of the printer, this cover ‘conceals and protects the interface board.
n Controls and indicators Now let’s go over the controls and indicators of the printer, starting with the control panel on the right. There are nine indicators and six keys on the control panel. IO-inch type 15-inch type Figure 2-2. The control panel.
ON LINE KEY and INDICATOR - Glows green when the printer is ready to receive data from your computer (on line). When the printer is off line. it sends a signal to the computer indicating that it cannot accept data. Pressing the On Line key switches the printer between on line and off line.
11 For details, please refer to the end of next chapter. H Other controls There are other controls, not connected to the control panel. Some of the more important ones are: POWER SWITCH - The switch that turns the printer on and off is at the back, on the left side.
a - The bottom one is used when you want to release the paper completely to adjust it. The paper bail holds the paper against the platen according to the setting of the release lever.
Clamp lever Figure 2-6. Raise the paper guide for loading single sheets. 1 Figure 2-7. Prop up the paper guide by inserting the guide stand iz the notches provided for it.
14 4. Position the adjuster at the triangle marked on the guide for standard margins, or set it according to your own requirements. 5. Set the release lever for single sheets-the second po- sition from the top. 6. Align a sheet of paper on the guide along the adjuster.
n Loading sprocket-feed paper This is standard computer paper, with the holes along the sides and perforations between the sheets. It is also called sprocket, punched, fan-fold, or just plain “computer paper”. It can be as narrow as 4”, and up to 10” wide (4 inches to 15.
16 9. Set the release lever to the auto-feed setting. The printer will advance the paper automatically. 10. Feed the paper through the slot in the printer cover.
17 There are four positions; you can feel the lever clicking into the various notches. The first step (shown) is the one most commmonly used for single sheets of paper. Try different positions until you get the best printing results. Adjust Figure 2-11.
Self-test 1 DIP switch 2-2 ON ! “tt$%?*’ () x+. -. /012,4567Ef9: : =. ?@AHCDEFGIiIJt LMNOF’aRS~IUL’WXYZL’,l -‘au<. rJELMNaPDRSJUVWX YZC 3’ _r at,cjefgf,ijhIrnopqrstuL,w*y-(,‘:Z !"$$%6'()*+,-.
19 defqhvl lmnuoqrst~uw::~~~:: ;" "'#$%.9. ( ,x+,-.,01"345,~;Bo::, = .'@n,?CnfFGY defghijklmnopclrstuvwxyz(')- !"#S%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;(->?@dBCDEFGH defyhl.,i lmno~qr~tuw::yz : : 2 * "'#$7.$' ( )X-f,--.
20 MEMO.
CHAPTER 3 USING THE PRINTER WITH COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Subjects covered in Chapter 3 include - l Using commercial software l Controlling the printer with the Panel mode USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Many of you purchased this printer to use with commercial software.
22 Some programs don’t ask you what kind of printer you have, but instead ask some questions about what your printer can do. The answers to the “most asked” questions are: Yes - this printer can do a “backspace”, and this printer can do a “hardware form feed”.
23 the help of your program manual and the supporting chapters in this manual, you should be able to figure out how yours works. GENERAL CONCEPTS Each word processing program has a way to get out of the standard text entry mode in order to accept the special printer function codes.
24 master reset code and resets the printer to its DIP switch set- tings. These print characteristics are the same as the ones used by the printer when it is first turned on. The code sequence for master reset is < ESC > “(4”. By checking the ASCII equivalents in Appendix C, you can see that the decimal expression is 27 64.
25 We suggest you do three things. First, you should review Chapter 4 and Appendix C to become as familiar as possible with ASCII codes and the function codes. Second, read Chapter 4 which describes them in greater detail and shows examples of how they are used in BASIC pro- gramming.
26 By changing the pitch settings, you can use the document ruler line to print pica, elite and condensed width pitches. In addition, you can use a similar method to print in near letter quality. The print control codes can be redefined to enhance the final product of your document.
27 Press RETURN and the Edit Global Sequences screen will be displayed. These codes control the print functions for form feed, line feed, margin settings and automatic justification. We do not recommend that you edit any of these codes. Press RETURN and the Edit Pitch Table screen will be displayed.
28 these codes. They define how many lines per inch the printer uses. Press RETURN to transfer to the Edit Font Support screen. Change all of the entry fields to Option 2 (Control Code Support) on the Edit Font Support screen. Also, make changes in the other fields to look like the figure shown below.
I 29 Enter the codes written in italic into lines 51 - 66. 51. Normal to Bold 52. Bold to Normal 53. Normal to Shadow 54. Shadow to Normal 55. Normal to Underline 56. Underline to Normal 57. Normal to Double 58. Double to Normal 59. Normal to Overstrike 60.
With the cursor under the “S” in “SUBJECT”, set the print pitch in the ruler line to condensed width pitch. Name the ruler line “condensd” (without the quotes) and change the character pitch to 17 and the line spacing to 6. To make the subject title expanded, use the ALT and = keys (in the .
31 your document. The ASCII code sequence would be 27 80 27 52 to print italic pica pitch. n Redefining your own print control keys The ASCII codes to redefine the print control keys (Edit Font Sequences) are pretty straightforward. There are indi- vidual ASCII decimal values to turn on and off different prints.
They include: h PS Underscore * PB Boldface ^PD Double-strike ^PX Strikeout ” PT Superscript * PV Subscript A PC Print Pause It is also possible to define the ^PA (alternate pitch) com- mand to change the print pitch of your document. The WordStar User’s Manual fully describes the use of these ^P functions.
33 If you do change several of the things listed in the /Print menu, Lotus l-2-3 will remember the selections that you have made and use them each time you print the spreadsheet. They are even saved with the spreadsheet so that they will be the same the next time that you use the spreadsheet.
14 You can direct sections of headers and footers to the left, right, or center by using the ) character. Each header or footer is divided into three sections; Left, center and right.
[ USING THE PANEL MODES At the end of this chapter, we’ll explain about the “Panel” mode, which is a powerful function of the printer. Some commercial software does not support defining your own se- lections. In this case use the “Panel” modes.
36 key, press the MODE key once again to make your choice, and press the ON LINE key again. Remember that you may select which print mode is the standard one by setting DIP switch 2- 1. To select the Italic Panel Mode, press the TOF key while turning on the power.
37 n Setting print start position When you want to align the print start position, you can set it by the micro-feed operation with the control panel, instead of turning the platen knob manually. 1. Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key. 2.
38 MEMO .- - - - - - -.
CHAPTER 4 PRINTING WITH BASIC Subjects covered in Chapter 4 include - l Listing BASIC programs on the printer l How a program prints things l Control codes, escape codes, and command syntax l Selectin.
411 the easiest operations one can do, but even they may depend on what computer you have. In Microsoft BASIC, we can list all the steps in a program by entering LIST. This lists them on the CRT screen; if we want to print them on a printer, we prefix the command with an L (enter LLIST).
41 a dollar sign. Some numbers cause the printer to do other things, too. For instance, sending a 7 sounds the printer’s bell. Taken together, these numbers and their meanings make up the ASCII code (pronounced ask-key), which stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Your printer has a lot of control codes to let you do some useful things. Let’s try one that we’ve mentioned several times already: 10 ' Demo of ASCII code 20 LPRINT CHR$(7) 30 END RUN That’s the printer’s bell (we call it that even though it sounds like a buzzer).
43 needed, so they included the escape (ESC) code to allow almost any number of additional codes to be defined when they became necessary. ESC allows us to “escape” from the ordinary set of control codes so we can specify additional functions and other infor- mation needed for a printer function.
1 44 Even though there are many commands that require the use of ASCII code 0 (the < NUL > character); the number “0” (zero or ASCII code 48) cannot be substituted. In these cases, instead of an unadorned 0 we will show CHR$(O) each time these commands are referenced.
4.5 40 LPRINT CHR$ (27) ; “x0”; 50 LPRINT “This line shows standard print.” In this program, line 20 selects NLQ characters with < ESC > “x” 1 command. Line 30 prints a sample before line 40 switches printer back to draft printing with an < ESC > “x” 0.
Ah Table 4-2 Italic commands I-::,1 Use this program to see italic characters: 10 ’ Demo of italic and roman 20 LPRINT CHR$ (27) ; “4”; 30 LPRINT “This line is in ITALIC characters. ” 40 LPRINT CHR$ (27) ; “5”; 50 LPRINT “This line is in ROMAN characters.
67 Table 4-3 Underline and overline commands It’s that simple. Let’s try it with this program: 10 ’ Demo of underlining and overlinins 20 LPRINT "Demo of I'; 30 LPRINT CHR$(27);"-.
48 and are half the height of normal characters. Superscripts print evenly with the tops of regular printing while subscripts print evenly with the bottom of regular printing. They are frequently used to reference footnotes, and in mathematical formulas.
I !, . 49 pica (and is the same as the pica pitch on most typewriters). This works out to 136 characters per line. You can also print 12 characters per inch (elite pitch). This gives you 163 characters per line. You can set these pitches by using the Print Pitch key on the control panel manually, or by software as shown in the table below.
50 10 ’ Demo of expanded print 20 LPRINT “Demonstration of ‘I; 30 LPRINT CHR$(14); 40 LPR I NT “EXPANDED” ; 50 LPRINT CHR$(20); 60 LPRINT ” printing.” 70 LPRINT “Notice that ‘I; 80 LPRINT CHR$(14); 90 LPRINT “EXPANDED mode” 100 LPRINT “automatically turns off at the end of a line.
When you turn on expanded print with < ESC > “W” 1 it stays on until you turn it off with < ESC > “W” 0. Table 4-6 Expanded print commands ~~ n Condensed print Each of the print pitches also can be condensed to its normal width. This is called condensed print.
Table 4-7 Condensed print commands Function Control code Condensed ON CHR$(I 5) or < ESC > CHR$( 15) Condensed OFF CHR$(18) By combining expanded print and condensed print with the two pitches, this printer has eight different character widths available.
n Proportional printing Have you ever looked closely at the printing books and magazines? Doesn’t it look nice? The main reason is that each character is given an amount of space proportional to its actual width. A typewriter (and most printers), on the other hand, give every character the same amount of space, no matter how wide it is.
I :. 54 Line 20 selects the elite pitch and line 40 turns on the pro- portional printing with < ESC > “p” 1. Line 50 prints a line with proportional elite pitch. Then, line 60 selects the pica pitch, so that line 70 prints a line with proportional pica pitch.
55 10 ’ Demo of boldface and emphasized 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"G"; 30 LPRINT "This line is BOLDFACE printing." 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;"E"; 50 LPRINT "This line is BOLDFACE and WHASIZED." 60 LPRINT CHR$(27);"H"; 70 LPRINT "This line is EMPHASIZED printing.
56 You have at your disposal a unique command that lets you choose any valid combination of print modes and pitch. This is the Master print mode command. It looks like this: < ESC > “1” n Here, the value of n defines the print style to be selected.
57 To better understand the way the print modes work, consider that each mode except pica (pica is the default) has a separate switch that can be turned on and off via software. Once the switch is on, it stays on until turned off. However when two modes that conflict are turned on at the same time, the printer must choose which one to use.
MEMO.
CHAPTER 5 FORMA.TTING TEXT Subjects covered in Chapter 5 include - l The carriage return and line feed l The amount of space between lines l Moving to the next page l The number of lines on a printed .
it returns the print head to the left margin. It does not advance the paper (if DIP switch l-5 is on; see below). Line feed is more complicated. Each time the printer receives a CHR$( 10) it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin, ready to start a new line.
61 Table 5-l Line feed commands Function Control code Return print head to left margin CHR$( 13) Advance paper one line CHR$(lO) Reverse paper one line < ESC > CHR$( 10) n Changing the line spacing When you turn your printer on, the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch.
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You may wonder why l/72 of an inch was chosen as the increment for the line spacing command. There’s a good reason: the dots that the printer makes are l/72 inch apart. So this means that you can vary the line spacing in increments as tine as one dot - unless you want finer spacing, in which case you may use one third dot spacing.
64 .-. Table 5-2 shows all the line spacing commands, including several “shortcut” commands for commonly used line spacings. Table 5-2 Line spacing commands Function Control code Set line spacing .
65 The < ESC > “J” CHR$(n) command causes the printer to make one line feed of n/216 inch, but does not change the setting of the line spacing. Try this program to see how it works: NEW 10 ’ Demo of one-time line feeds 20 LPRINT “LINE NUMEIER 1.
66 PAGE CONTROL Now that we have seen how to control line spacing, we can go on to page control - positioning the printing on the page and adjusting the paper length, n Form feed The simplest forms control code is the formfeed. Form feed (or < FF > ) is CHR$(12) and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet.
67 back to the top of the page to start the second column. The code for reverse form feed is easy to remember: < ESC> <FF>. Table 5-3 Form feed commands Function Control code Advance paper.
68 After you have run this program, turn off the printer and adjust the top of form position. When you turn the printer back on the page length will reset to its normal setting (usually 11 inches). -. TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS Some programs don’t keep track of where they are printing on the page.
69 10 ' Demo of top and bottom margins 60 LPRINT CHR$(12); : ' form feed 70 FOR I=1 TO 150 80 LPRINT "THIS IS LINE";1 90 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHR$(12); : ' form feed 120 END When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations.
70 IS LlNL 1 THIS IS LINE 2 , TH16 IS LINL ‘- 0 ) THIS IS LINE 4 THIS IS LINk 5 I THIS IS L.INE b I ,HIS IS LINE 7 0 1 THIS IS LINE 8 - 0 0 0 0 --.. 0 0 0 0 0 - THIS IS LINE 50 THIS IS LINE 51 THIS IS LINE 5: THIS IS LJNE 5: THIS IS LINE 54 lHlS IS LINE 55 THIS IS LINE 5.
71 Try setting the margins with this program: 10 Demo of margins 20 GOSUB 70 30 LPRINT CHR$(27);"1";CHR$(lO); 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"Q";CHRS(70); 50 GOSUB 70 60 END 70 FOR I=1 TO 80 80 LPRINT "X"; 90 NEXT I 100 LPRINT 110 RETURN The first thing that this program does is to branch to the subroutine that starts in line 70.
72 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TABS Suppose you need to move across the page to a certain position several times in a document. It’s not much fun to type in space after space. You don’t have to - you can “tab” your way across the page. Your printer’s tabs are like those on a typewriter, but much more powerful.
73 When you run the program now it produces this: (‘ji;:t’ ‘-1 z,:.; (1.j i /-/p: i_:, j, i E.j 1L.j j 1 The words are now closer together, but still evenly spaced. To reset the default tabs, use the following program: LPRINT CHR$(27);"eO";CHR$O This command resets the horizontal tabs to every eight co- lumns.
74 The absolute horizontal tab command moves the print head to a specified position on the page. The positon that you want the print head to move to (measured from the left margin) is specified by the values of nl and n2 in l/60-inch units using the formula nl + n2 x 256.
75 n Vertical tabs Vertical tabs have the same kinds of uses that horizontal tabs do - they just work in the other direction. Horizontal tabs allow you to reach a specific column on the page no matter where you start from.
Add one more line to the program to demonstrate one more feature of vertical tabs. 80 LPRINT CHR$(ll) ;“FIFTHH TAB.” Now when you run the program the first page looks just like before, but line 80 sends one more < VT > than there are tabs.
77 60 LPRINT “* 5th Line, 7th Column” 70 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;“fl”;CHR$(3); 80 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;“fO”;CHR$(5); 90 LPRINT I’* 8th Line, 5th Column” 100 END In this program, line 30 sends a one-time vertical tab with < ESC > “f’ 1 command.
78 Table 5-10 Vertical tab channel commands Function Control code Set vertical tabs at nl, n2, etc. < ESC > “b” CHR$(nO)CHR$(nl) as channel nO CHR$(n2).....CHR$(O) Select vertical channel nO <ESC> “/” CHR$(nO) You can store up to eight channels of tab stops.
79 ‘OF’ OF FOHM .ST TAB OF CHANNEL 1 IND TAB OF CHANNEL 1 CENTERI NG AND ALIGNING TEXT Text can be arranged in any of four formats: left aligned .- 1 TOP OF FOKM IST TAB OF CHANNEL 2 TOP OF FOKM 1.
80 10 ' Demo of aligning and centering 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"1";CHR5(20); 30 LPRINT CHR5(27);"Q";CHR5(60); 40 LPRINT CHR5(27);"a";CHR5(0); 50 LPRINT "THIS LINE IS LEFT JUSTIFIED." 60 LPRINT CHR5(27);"a";CHR5(1); 70 LPRINT "THIS LINE IS CENTERED.
CHAPTER 6 SPECIALFEATURESOF THEPRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 6 include - l Printer’s bell @ Master reset l Uni-directional printing l International character sets l Printing BIG characters l The optional sheet feeder l Macro instruction l Reading a hex dump In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes.
82 it will sound the bell for a quarter of a second. Tllis can be used to remind the operator to change the paper or to make other adjustments to the printer.
Your printer has the ability to print right to the bottom of the sheet. You can disable the paper-out detector so that it doesn’t stop the printer. This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet, and even beyond if you are not careful.
84 The following program shows how these codes work. 10 LPRINT "BACKSPACE DOES NOT"; 20 LPRINT CHR$(8);CHR$(B);CHR$(8); 30 LPRINT 'I=== WORK" 40 LPRINT "DELETE DOES NOT";.
85 W Immediate-print This printer can print at the quick rate of 240 characters per second. But it will also print more slowly at the speed of your typing.
- 10 ’ Demo of adjusting Spaces 20 LPRINT CHH$(27) ;“xl”; 30 FOR I=10 TO 1 STEP -2 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;‘I “;CHR$(i); 50 LPRINT “This line is added”; I; “spaces. ” 60 NEXT I 70 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;” “;CHR$tO) ; 80 LPRINT “This line is Normal space.
I f 87 * :. 10 ’ Demo of uni-directional printing 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;“l”; 30 FOR I=1 TO 10 40 LPRINT II t , ,I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT :LPRINT 70 LPRINT CHR$(27) ; “Ul”; 80 FOR I=1 TO 10 90 LPRINT I, , I ,I 100 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHR$(12);CHR$t271;“@” Here is what you will get.
command immediately moves the printhead to the left margin and then prints the remainder of the line from left to right. W The seven bit dilemma Some computers (not the IBM-PC fortunately!) don’t have the capability to send eight bits on their parallel interface, but can only send seven bits.
89 You can also specify the power-on default character set by setting DIP switch 2-4 on for character set #l and off for character set #2. The following program will print out all of the graphics char.
90.
91 70 LPRINT CHR$(179);CHR$(32);CHR$(32);CHR$(32); CHR$(32);CHR$(53);CHR$(l79) 80 LPRINT CHR$(192);CHR$(196);CHR$(l96); CHR$(196);CHR$(196);CHR$(l96);CHR!§(217) 90 LPRINT CHR$(27);"7" If yo.
.I Table 6-4 U.S.A. France International character set commands Country Control code < ESC > “R” CHR$(O) < ESC > “R”’ CHR$( 1) Germany < ESC > “R” CHR$(2) England < .
plus 127, and the high-order control codes are 128 through 159 plus 255.) These codes don’t normally print symbols on paper, rather they cause the printer to change modes. To make them print as normal symbols requires an extra command. For example, the command to “normalize” the high-order control codes is < ESC > “6”.
I ,,” 94 .~_ 80 IF I=24 THEN 110 90 IF I=27 THEN 110 100 LPRINT CHR$(I); 110 NEXT I 120 LPRINT 130 FOR I=128 TO 134 140 LPRINT CHR$(I); 150 NEXT I 160 LPRINT CHR$(144);CHR$(145); 170 FOReI= TO 159 1.
95 If you want to print more characters using the < ESC > “” command you must tell the printer how many characters should be printed. The total number of characters is equal to nl + (~22 x 256).
Table 6-6 Control code area commands Function Control code Printable code area expansion < ESC > “6” (Standard mode only) Control code area expansion < ESC > “7” (Standard mode onl.
97 i. . .- _ -. -. _ _.. When you run this program, you will get like this: As you can see, when the big character command is used, the baseline for each character does not align.
I : 98 that done on computer paper, and you don’t have to tex the “perforations” off each sheet as you must with fan-fold paper. The automatic sheet feeder feeds a new sheet automatically every time the printer receives or generates a form feed.
99 for the macro: one to define it, and one to use it. They are given in the Table 6-9. Table 6-9 Macro instruction commands Function Control code Define macro <EfjCi “+” .
100 10 LPRINT CHR$(27);"Q";CHR$(40); 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"a";CHR$(2); 30 LPRINT CHR$(27);"-1"; 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"h";CHR$(l); 50 LPRINT "TESTING ABCD".
101 r:jc, ‘:,I I:,2 ins 04 05 06 0, 08 09 OA 08 OC OD OE OF 10 11 1: 13 14 15 lb 17 18 19 1A 18 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 2: 24 25 2.6 27 33 29 2A X4 2C 2D ?E 2F :o Tl :z1 73 1;4 -55 z:b 5, 7.
102 MEMO.
CHAPTER 7 DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS AND DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in Chapter 7 include - l Designing and printing your own characters l User-designed graphics Using the procedures outlined so far, all of the printer’s standard functions can be utilized.
104 nation of dots. For example, if the data representing “1” was sent to the print head, only the bottom pin would fire; if “2” was sent, only the second pin from the bottom would fire, and if “3” was sent, the two bottom pins would fire, and so on.
r t, 105 dots wide by 9 dots high. Vertically, dots can only be centered in a box. See Figure 7-2. l The minimum width of a character is five dots. l Unlike standard characters that are restricted to a height of seven dots, user-defined characters may use eight dots vertically.
128 64 32 16 8 Total m, m, m, m. m,m,m,m. m9mLOrnx. MO ASCII Code: Descender: Start column: End column: = f xender * 128 + (Start * 16) + End Figure 7-3.
107 You will see the letters ml, m2, m3, etc., are above your values. When you define the character, you will substitute your value for each of these letters. Before you complete the definition, you will need to decide exactly where in the standard ASCII set you want to place your characters.
108 ml to ml1 are the column data we defined along the bottom of the grid; ml the left-most column value, m2 the next, and so on. You must define eleven data, even if the last few data are 0.
I ? 109 l Define characters, and send data to printer: < ESC > “8~” CHR$(O) . . . . l Tell printer to use download character set: < ESC > -yo” 1 To demonstrate how to use the download characters, let’s use the “flask” character and some other user-defined char- acters to print a small graph.
310 NEXT I 320 LPRINT 330 LPRINT CHR$(9) ; “t--‘I; 340 SCALE$=“--t--” 350 FOR I=2 TO 8 STEP 2 360 LPRINT SCALE$; 370 NEXT I 380 LPRINT “--+‘I 390 LPRINT CHR$(9) ;‘I ‘I; 400 FOR I=2 TO .
111 when desired. Acceptable values are from 4 to 11. The minimum character width is five dots, anywhere within the range. n Downloading with the IBM-P mode In the IBM-P mode, which emulates the IBM Proprinter, you can download characters with a different control code in addition to the < ESC > “8~” code.
I 112 If the total count is greater than or equal to 256, then divide the total count by 256. nl = the remainder, and n2 = the integer part of the result.
113 DEFINING YOUR OWN NLQ CHARACTERS As you have probably noticed, NLQ characters are printed by two passes of the print head. Half of the character is printed on the first pass, and the remainder on the second pass.
114 128 128 128 128 64 64 64 64 32 32 32 32 16 16 16 16 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 I I 1 1 Total 1st rn, m, m, m, m, m,, m,, m,, ml7 rn,, mJ1 ml3 rn, m. m. m. rn,, m,, m,, m,. mra m,, rnz2 Total 1st rn, m, m, m, m, m,, m,, m,, ml7 rn,, mJ1 ml3 rn, m. m. m.
ASCII Code: 6 8 Descender: .,! Left space: Right space: M, = Descender + 128 + (Left + 16) + Right Total’ m, m, m, m, m+ m,, m,,m,, mr7 mr. mzl ma1 1st m, m. m. m. rn,, m,, m,. rn,* ml8 rn,. ml, 0. ‘J. 1. I 1 1 t. 1, 1. 1. 2. 0. p. v. 8 w. 0. p. 0.
116 ._ 160 DATA 70, 0, 38, 0, 22, 9, 6, 9, 6, 8, 6, 0 170 DATA 28, 32, 14, 64, 14. 0, 14, 0,124, 0, 0, 12 180 DATA 64, 12, 32, 14, 16, 14, 0, 14, 0, 12, 0 190 DATA 128, 0, 24, 7, 56, 1, 56, 7, 8, 2, 8, 6 200 DATA 8, 2, 8, 4, 8, 0, 8, 32, 8, 0, 24, 0 210 DATA 32, 16, 14, 48, 14, 48, 14, 32, 0, 32, .
520 NEXT I 530 LPRINT CHR$(27);"%0" 540 LPRINT CHR$(27);"SO"; 550 LPRINT CHR$(9);"MILLIONS OF DOLLARS" 560 LPRINT CHR$(27);"T" 570 END USER-DESIGNED DOT GRAPHIC.
number that can be sent in one byte (259, the formula to work out nl and n2 is: if the number of columns is X, then nl = X MOD 256, and n2 = INT(X/256) Table 7-l may make the calculation easier.
119 n Higher resolution graphics There are seven graphics modes you can use; they are summarized in Table 7-2. Table 7-2 Dot graphics commands You will notice that the higher the density of the graphic mode, the more points you will need to plot. Higher density modes also take longer to print.
120 MORE GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING TIPS At the end of this chapter, we’ll discuss two modes that the printer offers to help you solve potential graphics problems. A redefining code allows you to change the density for graphics programs that use one of the four alternate codes.
121 is a printer. each data line corresponds to one pin on the print head. Thus each byte sent will fire up to eight pins. But the printer has 9 pins available.
122 MEMO.
An important point after buying a device Star Micronics NR-10 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Star Micronics NR-10 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Star Micronics NR-10 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Star Micronics NR-10 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Star Micronics NR-10 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Star Micronics NR-10, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Star Micronics NR-10.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Star Micronics NR-10. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Star Micronics NR-10 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
