Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 National Instruments
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PXI NI PXI-4224 User Manual NI PXI-4224 User Manual August 2008 373752G-01.
Support Worldwide Technical Support and Product Info rmation ni.com National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 11500 North Mopac Expressway Aust in, Texas 78759-3504 USA Tel: 512 683 0100 Worldwide O.
Important Information Warranty The NI PXI-4224 is warranted against defects in ma terials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentati on. National Instruments wil l, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defect ive during the warranty period.
Conventions The follo wing con ventions are used in this manual: < > Angle brackets that cont ain numbers s eparated by an ellipsis represent a range of v alues associated with a bit or signal name—for example, AO < 3 . . 0 > . » The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options to a final action.
© National Instruments Corpor ation v NI PXI-4224 User Manual Contents Chapter 1 About the NI PXI-4224 What You Need to Get Started .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .. 1-2 National Instruments D ocumentatio n .
Contents NI PXI-4224 User Manual vi ni.com Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 Developing Your Application .. .................... .............. .............. ........... .............. ............ 5-1 Typical Program Flow Chart.......... ........... .
Contents © National Instruments Corporat ion vii NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figures Figure 2-1. NI PXI-4224 Front Label ............... .............. .............. ................. .......... 2-3 Figure 2-2. Unshielded Floating Signal So urce Connection Using a D-SUB Connector .
Contents NI PXI-4224 User Manual viii ni.com Tables Table 2-1. NI PXI-4224 25-Pin D-SUB Termin al Pin Assignments ............ ......... 2-2 Table 4-1. Signal Condi tioning Functional Bl ocks .............. .............. ........... ......... 4-3 Table 4-2.
© National Instruments Corporat ion 1-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 1 About the NI PXI-4224 This chapter provides an introducti on to the NI PXI-4224 device and its installation. The NI PXI-4224 is part of the NI PXI-4200 series of data acquisition (D A Q) devices with integrated signal con ditioning.
Chapter 1 About the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 1-2 ni.com What Y ou Need to Get Started To set up and use the NI PXI-4224, you need the following: ❑ Hardware –N I P X I - 4 2 2 4 – One of the following: • TB-2725 terminal block • 25-pin D-SUB female connector – PXI or PXI/SCXI combination chassis ❑ Software – NI-D A Q 7.
Chapter 1 About the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 1-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual National Instruments Documentation The NI PXI-4224 User Manual is one piece of the documentation set for your DAQ system. You could have any of several types of manuals depending on the hard ware and softw are in your system.
Chapter 1 About the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 1-4 ni.com Installing the NI PXI-4224 Note Refer to the Read Me First: Radio-Frequency Interference document before removing equipment covers or connecting or disconnect ing any signal wires.
© National Instruments Corporat ion 2-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2 Connecting Signals This chapter provides details about the fro nt signal connector of the NI PXI-4224 and how to connect signals to the NI PXI-4224.
Chapter 2 Connecti ng Signals NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2-2 ni.com Caution The PFI 0/CAL SMB connector is for low-v oltage timing and calibration signals only .
Chapter 2 Connecting Signals © National Instruments Corporat ion 2-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figure 2-1. NI PXI-4224 Front Label Analog Input Connections The following sections provide a definit ion .
Chapter 2 Connecti ng Signals NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2-4 ni.com In the electrical diagrams, two dif ferent ground symbols are used. These symbols indicate that you cannot assu me that the indicated grounds are at the same potential. Refer to Appendix A, Specifications , for maximum working v oltage specifications .
Chapter 2 Connecting Signals © National Instruments Corporat ion 2-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figure 2-3. Unshielded Grounded Signal Sour ce Connection Using a D-SUB Connector CH 0 CH 7 + – Tw i s t.
Chapter 2 Connecti ng Signals NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2-6 ni.com Figure 2-4. Shield ed Floating Signa l Source Connection Us ing a D-SUB Connector + – AI 0 + AI 0 – CH 0 V S IG S ign a l S ource A.
Chapter 2 Connecting Signals © National Instruments Corporat ion 2-7 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figure 2-5. Shielded Grounded Signal Sour ce C onnection Using a D-SUB Connector CH 0 CH 7 S hielding + .
Chapter 2 Connecti ng Signals NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2-8 ni.com Figures 2-6 through 2- 9 illustrate connecting sign als using a terminal block. Figure 2-6.
Chapter 2 Connecting Signals © National Instruments Corporat ion 2-9 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figure 2-7. Unshielded Grounded Signal Source Co nnection Using a T erminal Block Tw i s ted-P a ir Wiring.
Chapter 2 Connecti ng Signals NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2-10 ni.com Figure 2-8. Sh ielded Floating Signa l Source Connection Us ing a T erminal Block + – Tw i s ted-P a ir Wiring AI 0 + AI 0 – CH 0 .
Chapter 2 Connecting Signals © National Instruments Corporat ion 2-11 N I PXI-4224 User Manual Figure 2-9. Shielded Grounded Signal Source C onnection Using a T erminal Block Floating Signal Source Connection Figures 2-2, 2-4, 2-6, and 2-8 illustrate floating signal source conn ections.
Chapter 2 Connecti ng Signals NI PXI-4224 User Manual 2-12 ni.com Ground-Referenced Signal Connection Figures 2-3, 2-5, 2-7, and 2-9 illustrate the ground-referenced signal connection.
© National Instruments Corporat ion 3-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 3 Configuring and T esting This chapter provides details about confi guring and testing the NI PXI-4224 in MAX, including how to use device test panel s and create and configure NI-DAQmx Tasks and NI-D AQmx Global Channels.
Chapter 3 Configur ing and T esting NI PXI-4224 User Manual 3-2 ni.com Configuring the NI PXI-4224 in MAX This section describes how to cr eate NI-DAQmx Tasks and NI-DAQmx Global Channels in MAX that allow you to take measurements with the NI PXI-4224.
Chapter 3 Configurin g and T esting © National Instruments Corporat ion 3-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual V erifying and Self-T esting an NI -DAQmx T ask or Global Channel After you have created an analog .
© National Instruments Corporat ion 4-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 4 Theor y of Operation This chapter describes the theo ry of operation, measurement considerations, and tim ing information. Theor y of Operation Figure 4-1 illustrates the key functi onal components of the NI PXI-4224, including the DAQ and int egrated signal conditioni ng circuitry.
Chapter 4 Theory of Operation NI PXI-4224 User Manual 4-2 ni.com Figure 4-1. Block Diagram of NI PXI-4224 NI-PGA Input Protection AI0 Input Protection AI1 Input Protection AI2 Input Protection AI3 Inp.
Chapter 4 Theory of Ope ration © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Signal Conditioning Functional Overview The NI PXI-4224 is part of the PXI-4200 series of DAQ devices wi.
Chapter 4 Theory of Operation NI PXI-4224 User Manual 4-4 ni.com Figure 4-2. Effect o f Input Impeda nce on Signal Measurements Although R S does not influence DC measurements, take care when measuring A C signals since C IN attenuates higher frequencies if R S is too large.
Chapter 4 Theory of Ope ration © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Effective CMR When the frequency of a common-mode signal is known and outside of the measurement frequen.
Chapter 4 Theory of Operation NI PXI-4224 User Manual 4-6 ni.com Figure 4-3. AI CONV CLK Signal Routing Figure 4-3 shows that AI CONV CLK can be generated from a number of sources, such as the e xternal signals PFI 0, PXI_T rig<0..5>, and PXI_Star , and the Ctr 0 Internal Output.
Chapter 4 Theory of Ope ration © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-7 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Device and PXI Clocks Many functions performed by the NI PXI-4224 require a frequency timebase to genera.
Chapter 4 Theory of Operation NI PXI-4224 User Manual 4-8 ni.com Figure 4-4 shows this signal connection scheme. Figure 4-4. NI PXI-4224 PXI T rigger Bus Signal Connection PXI Bu s Connector S witch RT S I S witch PXI T rigger<7> PXI T rigger<0.
Chapter 4 Theory of Ope ration © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-9 NI PXI-4224 User Manual T able 4-2 provides more informatio n about each of the timing signals av ailable on the PXI trigger bus. For more detailed timing signal information, refer to Appendix B, Timing Sig nal Information .
© National Instruments Corporat ion 5-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 This chapter describes how to program the NI PXI-4224, using DAQ Assistant or LabV IEW, and how to calibrate the device. Developing Y our Application This section describes the software and programming steps necessary to use the NI PXI-4224.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5-2 ni.com Figure 5-1. T ypical Program Flowchart No No No No No No Configure Ch a nnel s Re a d Me as urement Adju s t Timing S etting s S top .
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 5-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Over view of T ypical Flow Chart The following section s briefly discuss some con siderations for some of the steps in Figure 5-1.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5-4 ni.com When programmat ically adjusting tim ing settin gs, you can set the task t o acquire continuously , acquire a b uf fer of samples, or acquire one point at a time. For continuous and buf fered acquisitions, you can set the acquisition rate and the number of samples to read.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 5-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Acquiring, Analyzin g, and Presenting After configuring the task and channels , you can start y our acquisition, read measurements, analyze the data return ed, and display it according to the needs of your applicatio n.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5-6 ni.com Table 5-2. Pro gramming a T ask in LabVIEW Flowchart Step VI or Program Step Create T ask in DA Q Assistant Create a DAQmx Task Name Constant located on the Controls »All Con trols» I/O»DAQm x Name Contr ols subpalette, right-click it, and select New Task (DAQ Assistant) .
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 5-7 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Using a DAQmx Channel Prop erty Node in LabVIEW You can use property no des in LabVIEW to m anually configure you r channels. To create a LabVIEW prope rty node, complete the following steps: 1.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5-8 ni.com 8. Once you hav e added the property to the property node, right-click the terminal to change the at tributes of the property , or to add a control, constant, or indicator .
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 5-9 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figure 5-2. General Synchronizing Flowchart Ye s No Ye s No Configure M as ter Timing Re a d Me as urem.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5-10 ni.com Synchronizing the NI PXI-4224 Using LabVIEW This section describes in more detail the steps shown in Figure 5-2, such as how to create a task in LabVIEW and configure the channels of the NI PXI-4224.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 5-11 N I PXI-4224 User Manual Other Application Documentation and Material The following location s provide more information that you may find useful when setting up o r connecting signal sources or programming y our application.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 NI PXI-4224 User Manual 5-12 ni.com Calibrating the NI PXI-4224 Calibration refers to the p rocess of minimizing measurem ent errors.
Chapter 5 Using the NI PXI-4224 © National Instruments Corporat ion 5-13 N I PXI-4224 User Manual 4. Right-click the NI PXI-4224 and sel ect Self-Cali brate . 5. A dialog box opens indicating that the NI PX I-4224 is self-calibrating. 6. When the dialog box closes, the NI PXI-4224 is successfully self-calibrated.
© National Instruments Corporat ion A-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual A Specifications This appendix lists the specifications for the NI PXI-4224 device. These specifications are typical at 25 °C unless otherwise noted. Over voltage Protection Powered on or off .
Appendix A Specifications for NI PXI-4224 User Manual A-2 ni.com Input coupling .................. .............. .........DC Bandwidth, –3 dB ................. .............. ....15 kHz Slew rate .............. ............... .............. ......
Appendix A Specificati ons for © National Instruments Corporat ion A-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Calibration Recommended warm-up time ................ 30 minutes External calibration interval ............ ....... 1 year Pre-Calibration Errors 1 Pre-calibration offset error relative to input (RTI) .
Appendix A Specifications for NI PXI-4224 User Manual A-4 ni.com Response .............. ............................. ......Rising or falling edge, software programmable Pulse width .......... ............... .............. ......10 ns min Impedance .
Appendix A Specificati ons for © National Instruments Corporat ion A-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Weight ......... .............. .............. .............. . 279 g (9.8 oz) Analog input signal connect o r ............... 25-Pin D-SUB Maximum W orking Voltage (Signal + common- mode) each input should remain within 42.
Appendix A Specifications for NI PXI-4224 User Manual A-6 ni.com Safety This product meets the requirements of the follow ing standards of safety for electrical equipment for measurement, contro l, an.
Appendix A Specificati ons for © National Instruments Corporat ion A-7 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Environmental Management NI is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible man ner.
© National Instruments Corporat ion B-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual B T iming Signal Information This appendix contains additional infor mation about the timing signals discussed in Chapter 4, Theory of Operation .
Appendix B T iming Signal Informati on NI PXI-4224 User Manual B-2 ni.com DAQ T iming Connections The timing signals are AI ST AR T T RIG, AI REF TRIG, AI SAMP CLK, AI CONV CLK, AI P A USE TRIG, AI SAMPLE CLK TI MEBASE, and AI HOLD COMPLETE. Posttriggered DA Q allows you to vie w data that is acquired after a trigger ev ent is recei ved.
Appendix B T iming Signal In formation © National Instruments Corporat ion B-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual AI ST ART TRIG Signal The AI ST AR T TRIG signal can b e input or out put through PFI 0, PXI_Trig<0..5>, or PXI_Star . As an input, AI START TRIG is conf igured in the ed ge-detection mode.
Appendix B T iming Signal Informati on NI PXI-4224 User Manual B-4 ni.com The device also uses AI START TRIG to initiate pretriggered operations . In pretriggered applicat ions, AI STAR T TRIG is gen erated by a software trigger unless a PFI pin is selected as the source of AI START TRIG.
Appendix B T iming Signal In formation © National Instruments Corporat ion B-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Figure B-6. AI REF TRIG Output Signal Timing AI SAMP CLK Signal The AI SAMP CLK signal can be e xternally input from PFI 0, PXI_T rig<0..5>, or PX I_Star .
Appendix B T iming Signal Informati on NI PXI-4224 User Manual B-6 ni.com Figures B-7 and B-8 show the input and output timing requirements f o rA IS A M PC L K . Figure B-7. AI SAMP CLK Input Signal Timing Figure B-8. AI SAMP CLK Output Signal T iming The AI CONV CLK pulses are masked off until the de vice generates AI SAMP CLK.
Appendix B T iming Signal In formation © National Instruments Corporat ion B-7 NI PXI-4224 User Manual AI SAMP CLK generates a con version. Separate the AI SAMP CLK pulses by at least one scan period. A counter on the device internally generates AI SAMP CLK unless you select some external source.
Appendix B T iming Signal Informati on NI PXI-4224 User Manual B-8 ni.com Figure B-10. AI CONV CLK Output Signal Timing The ADC switches to hold mode within 60 ns of the selected edge. This hold-mode delay tim e is a function of temperature and does not vary from one con vers ion to the next.
Appendix B T iming Signal In formation © National Instruments Corporat ion B-9 NI PXI-4224 User Manual AI SAMPLE CLK TIMEBASE Signal PFI 0, PXI_Trig<0..5>, or PXI_Star can externally input the AI SAMPLE CLK TIMEB ASE signal, which is not available as an output on the I/O connector .
Appendix B T iming Signal Informati on NI PXI-4224 User Manual B-10 ni.com AI HOLD COMPLETE Signal AI HOLD COMPLETE is an output-only si gnal that generate s a pulse with the leading edge occurring approxim ately 50 to 100 ns after an A/D con version be gins.
© National Instruments Corporat ion C-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual C Removing the NI PXI-4224 This appendix provides details for remo ving an NI PXI-4224 device from MAX and from a PXI or PXI/SCXI combination chassis. Note Y ou must physically remove the NI PXI-4224 from the chassis before you can remov e it from MAX.
Appendix C Remov ing the NI PXI-42 24 NI PXI-4224 User Manual C-2 ni.com Figure C-1. Injector/Ejector Handle Position Before De vice Removal Removing the NI PXI-4224 from MAX T o remove an NI PXI-4224 device from MAX, complete t he following steps after launching MAX: 1.
© National Instruments Corporat ion D-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual D Common Questions This appendix lists common questions rel ated to the use of the NI PXI-4224. Which version of NI-D A Q works with the NI PXI-4224 and how do I get the most curr ent version of NI-D A Q? Y ou must hav e NI-D A Q 7.
Appendix D Co mmon Questions NI PXI-4224 User Manual D- 2 ni.com How do I perf orm an external calibration of the NI PXI-4224? As of the NI PXI-4224 release, an external calibration document is not av ailable. T o check the av ailability of an NI P XI-4224 external calibration document is go to ni.
© National Instruments Corporat ion G-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Glossar y Symbol Pref ix V alue pp i c o 1 0 –1 2 nn a n o 1 0 –9 μ micro 10 –6 m milli 10 –3 k kilo 10 3 Mm e g a 1 0 6 Gg i g a 1 0 9 Tt e r a 1 0 12 Symbols /P e r . ° Degree.
Glossary NI PXI-4224 User Manual G- 2 ni.com ADC Analog-to-digital con verter—An elect ronic de vice, often an integrated circuit, that con v erts an an alog v oltage to a digital number . ADE Application development en v ironment. AI Analog input. AI CONV CLK Con vert signal.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporat ion G-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual CMR Common-mode rejection. CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio—A meas ure of an instrument’ s abilit y to reject interference from a common-m ode signal, usually expressed in decibels (dB).
Glossary NI PXI-4224 User Manual G- 4 ni.com DMA Direct memory access—A method by which data can be transferred to/from computer memory from/t o a device or memory on the bus while the processor does something else. DMA is th e fastest method of tran sferring data to/from co mputer memo ry .
Glossary © National Instruments Corporat ion G-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual H h Hour or hours. Hz Hertz—The number of scans read or updates written per second. I I/O Input/output—The transfer of data to/from a computer sy stem in volving communications channels, operator interface de vices, and/or DA Q and control interf aces.
Glossary NI PXI-4224 User Manual G- 6 ni.com L LabVIEW Laboratory V irtual Instrument Engin eering W orkbench—A program dev elopment application based o n the programming language G and used commonly for test and measurement purposes. LED Light-emitting diode.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporat ion G-7 NI PXI-4224 User Manual N NI-D A Qmx The latest NI-D A Q dri ver with ne w VIs, functions, and development tools for controlling measurement de vices.
Glossary NI PXI-4224 User Manual G- 8 ni.com R relati ve accurac y A measure in LSB of the accura cy of an ADC. It includes all nonlinearity and quantization errors. It does not in clude offset and gain errors of the circuitry feeding the ADC. resolution The smallest signal increment that can be detected by a measurement system.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporat ion G-9 NI PXI-4224 User Manual SCXI Signal Conditioning eXtensions f or Instrumentation—The NI product line for conditioning low-le vel signals within an external chassis near sensors so only high-level signals are sent to D A Q devices in the noisy PC en vironment.
Glossary NI PXI-4224 User Manual G-10 ni.com W wa veform Multiple voltage readings taken at a specific sampling rate. working voltage The highest voltage with respect to ground that should be appli ed to an input terminal during normal use, normall y well under the breakdown voltage for safety margin.
© National Instruments Corporat ion I-1 NI PXI-4224 User Manual Index A AI CONV CLK signal input signal timing (figure), B-7 output signal timing (figure), B-8 ov ervie w, B-7 signal routing (figure).
Index NI PXI-4224 User Manual I-2 ni.com pre-calibration errors, A-3 self-calibration, 5-12 specifications, A-3 CE compliance specif ications, A-6 channel properties, configuring in application develo.
Index © National Instruments Corporat ion I-3 NI PXI-4224 User Manual F floating signal source conn ection connecting to NI PXI-4224, 2-11 front signal connector, 2-1 front label of NI PXI-4 224 (fig.
Index NI PXI-4224 User Manual I-4 ni.com signal conditioning overview, 4-3 timing and control overview, 4-5 NI-D A Q soft ware, 1-3, D-1 NI-D A Qmx ch annel properties, configuring (table), 5-4 NI-D A Qmx Global Channel creating, 3-2 verifying and self-testing, 3-3 NI-D A Qmx T ask creating, 3-2 verifying and self-testing, 3-2 O operation theory .
Index © National Instruments Corporat ion I-5 NI PXI-4224 User Manual specifications analog input, A-1 calibration, A-3 CE compliance, A-6 digital triggers, A -3 electromagnetic comp atibility, A-6 e.
An important point after buying a device National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device National Instruments Isolated Analog Input Device NI PXI-4224 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
