Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product 950 Supermoto (2006) KTM
Go to page of 90
950 SUPERMOTO KTM Sportmotorcycle AG A–5230 Mattighofen www.ktm.at 11/2005 FOTO: MITTERBAUER KTM Group Partner ART. NR. 3.211.82 EN OWNER’S MANUAL 2006.
We strongly suggest that you read this manual carefully and completely before going on your first ride. It contains a great deal of information and advice which will help you use and handle your bike properly .
INTRODUCTION » 2 W e would like to congratulate you on your purchase of a KTM motorcycle. Y ou are now the owner of a state-of-the-art sport motorcycle that guarantees to bring you lots of fun and enjoyment, provided t hat you clean and maintain it appropriately .
IMPORTANT LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITED GUARANTEE INFORMATION » In accordance with the international quality management ISO 9001 standard, KTM uses quality assurance processes that lead to the highest possible product quality .
INDEX » 4 IMPOR T ANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 IMPOR T ANT LIMITED W ARRANTY AND LIMITED GUARANTEE INFORMA TION . . . .
INDEX » 5 Checking the chain for wear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 General information on KTM disk brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Changing the basic position of the handbrake lever . . . . . . .42 Checking the front brake fluid level .
Chassis number, Type label The chassis number is stamped on the right side of the steering head tube. Enter this num- ber in the field on page no 1. The type label is located next to the chassis number . Engine number, engine type The engine number and the engine type are stamped into the left side of the engine below the engine sprocket.
Clutch lever The clutch lever [1] is fitted on the left hand side of the handle bar . The adjusting screw [A] is used to change the original position of the clutch lever (see maintenance work on chassis and engine). The clutch is hydraulically actuated and adjusts itself automatically .
Multi-functional digital speedometer The universal instrument is divided into 3 parts. Use the MODE and SET [1] button to change the display and the basic settings in the dis- play . Display [2] shows all of the information that may be of interest to you.
CLOCK Y ou will recognize the CLOCK display by the blinking dots between the hours and minutes. It displays the speed, temperature of the cooling liquid and the clock. T o switch to the next display mode, press the MODE button. ODO The speed, temperature of the cooling liquid and the total kilometers or miles traveled are shown in the ODO mode.
Setting options in the display KILOMETERS OR MILES. Y ou can have the speed and distance shown in kilometers or miles in the display . The dis- play can be adapted to the respective country on long-distance trips. T o switch from kilometers to miles, switch on the ignition and press the MODE [1] button for approx.
RESETTING TRIP 2 The trip meter 2 runs continuously and counts up to 999.9. It can be used similarly to TRIP 1 or together with a switch available as an accessory (see below) for trips according to a roadbook. T o return the trip meter 2 to zero, switch on the ignition, change to the TRIP 2 mode and press the SET button [2] .
Cooling liquid temperature display The temperature display [1] is shown in 7 bars. The more bars that light up, the hotter the cooling liquid. When the lowest bar lights up, the cooling liquid has reached a temperature of approx.
Ignition lock The ignition lock has 3 switching positions. Ignition off, (engine can't be started) Ignition on, light on, (engine can be started) Ignition off, handlebar blocked T o switch the ignition to position turn the ignition key to position and firmly press it into the lock.
Emergency OFF tip switch, starter tip switch The emergency off switch [1] is provided for emergency situations and should not be used to switch off the engine. The engine is ready for operation in position (ignition circuit and starter circuit are switched on).
Seat lock, removing the seat The seat lock [3] can be locked with the ignition key . T o remove the seat, insert the ignition key and turn 45° in a counterclockwise direction. Lift the seat in the back, pull back and lift off. Baggage carrier, grips The baggage carrier [1] can carry a load of up to 8 kg.
Tool set The tool set [1] is located in the storage compartment under the seat. Helmet lock The steel rope [2] in the tool bag can be used to secure a helmet. T o secure, remove the seat, run the rope through the helmet, attach both ends to the hook [3] and mount the seat.
Side stand Fold the side stand [1] forward to the stop with your foot and put the weight of the motor- cycle on the stand. Make sure it is standing securely on a firm surface. The side stand is linked to the safety start system; follow the driving instructions.
Compression damping of fork The fork's damping action during compression travel (compression damping) can be adjusted. This allows you adjust the damping behavior to match your driving style and the payload. The adjusting screws [1] are located on the fork leg axle passage.
Damping action during compression of shock absorber The shock absorber's damping action during compression travel (compression damping) can be adjusted. This allows you adjust the shock absorber's damping behavior to match your driving style and the payload.
GENERAL TIPS AND WARNINGS FOR STARTING THE MOTORCYCLE » Instructions for initial operation – Make sure the work for the „pre-delivery inspection“ was performed by your author- ized KTM workshop. The DELIVERY CER- TIFICA TE and SERVICE MANUAL will be handed over when you pick up your vehicle.
GENERAL TIPS AND WARNINGS FOR STARTING THE MOTORCYCLE » 21 – NEW TIRES HA VE A SMOOTH SURF ACE, WHICH MEANS THA T THEY MUST BE RUN IN TO ACHIEVE FULL GRIP .
Check the following before each start When you start, the motorcycle must be in perfect mechanical condition. For safety reasons, you should make a habit of performing an overall check of your motorcycle before each start. The following checks should be performed: 1 FUEL Check the fuel quantity in the tanks.
5 CABLES Check the throttle cable for correct adjustment and smooth operation. 6 COOLING FLUID Check the level of cooling fluid when the engine is cold. 7 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Start the engine and check the headlight, tail lamp, brake light, turn signals, indicator lamps, horn and emergency-off switch for proper functioning.
Starting when the engine is cold 1 Switch on emergency OFF switch [1] . 2 Switch on ignition (turn ignition key [2] into position ). NOTE: Usually the operating noise of the fuel pump can briefly be heard after the ignition is switched on. 3 Switch transmission to idle (green indicator lamp N [3] lights up).
IF THE ENGINE IS DOES NOT CRANK WHEN YOU ACTUA TE THE ST AR TER TIP SWITCH: – the transmission is switched to idle – Check if the emergency OFF switch is on – Check if the ignition is on – the.
DRIVING INSTRUCTIONS » 26 – THE PASSENGER MUST HOLD ON TO THE DRIVER OR THE GRAB HANDLE ON THE BAGGAGE CARRIER DURING THE RIDE AND KEEP HIS FEET ON THE P ASSENGER FOOTRESTS. – REGULARL Y MAKE SURE THA T THE BAG- GAGE AND CASES ARE TIGHTL Y F ASTENED.
– IN THE RAIN, OR AFTER THE MOTORCYCLE HAS BEEN WASHED, BRAKING ACTION MA Y BE DELA YED DUE TO WET BRAKE DISCS. FIRST , THE BRAKES MUST BE BRAKED DRY . – ON SAL T -SPRAYED OR DIR TY ROADS BRAKE ACTION MA Y BE DELA YED AS WELL. FIRST , THE BRAKES MUST BE BRAKED CLEAN.
Fuel, refueling The LC8 engine requires unleaded fuel with at least RON 95 (USA = Premium PON 91, see technical specifications engine). THIS MOTORCYCLE IS EQUIPPED WITH A CA T AL YTIC CONVER TER THA T WILL BE DESTROYED IF YOU USE LEADED FUEL. AL WA YS USE UNLEADED FUEL.
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE » 950 SUPERMOTO 2006 A CLEAN MOTORCYCLE CAN BE CHECKED MORE QUICKL Y WHICH SA VES MONEY! IF MOTORCYCLE IS USED FOR COMPETITION 7500 KM SERVICE SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT AFTER EVER Y RACE! Service intervalls should never be exceeded by more than 500 km (300 miles).
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE » 950 SUPERMOTO 2006 A CLEAN MOTORCYCLE CAN BE CHECKED MORE QUICKL Y WHICH SA VES MONEY! IF MOTORCYCLE IS USED FOR COMPETITION 7500 KM SERVICE SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT AFTER EVER Y RACE! Service intervalls should never be exceeded by more than 500 km (300 miles).
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE » 950 SUPERMOTO 2006 A CLEAN MOTORCYCLE CAN BE CHECKED MORE QUICKL Y WHICH SA VES MONEY! IF MOTORCYCLE IS USED FOR COMPETITION 7500 KM SERVICE SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT AFTER EVER Y RACE! Service intervalls should never be exceeded by more than 500 km (300 miles).
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE » 950 SUPERMOTO 2006 VITAL CHECKS AND CARE PROCEDURES TO CONDUCTED BY THE OWNER OR THE MECHANIC before each start after every cleaning every 1000 km Check oil level z Ch.
MAINTENANCE WORK ON CHASSIS AND ENGINE » 33 ALL MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT WORK MARKED WITH AN ASTERISK * REQUIRES SPECIAL TECHNICAL SKILLS. IN YOUR OWN INTEREST , HA VE THIS WORK PERFORMED BY AN AUTHORIZED KTM WORKSHOP , WHERE YOUR MOTORCYCLE WILL BE SERV- ICED BY SPECIALL Y TRAINED TECHNICIANS.
Adjusting the fork and shock absorber There are a number of ways to adjust the fork and shock absorber to match the chassis to your driving style and the payload.
Adjusting rebound damping of fork Hydraulic rebound damping determines the reaction when the fork is rebound. By turning the adjusting screw [1] (REB), the degree of damping of the rebound can be adjusted. T urn the knob clockwise to increase damping, turn it counterclockwise to reduce damping dur- ing rebounding.
Compression damping of shock absorber The shock absorber can synchronize the compression damping in the low and high-speed range separately (Dual Compression Control). Low and high speed refers to the movement of the shock absorber during compression and not to the speed of the motorcycle.
Rebound damping of shock absorber By using the adjusting screw [1] , the degree of damping of the rebound can be adjusted. T urn the knob in a clockwise direction to increase damping, turn it in a counterclockwise direction to reduce damping during rebounding.
Correcting the chain tension Loosen the collar nut [1] , loosen the counternuts [2] and turn the left and right adjustment screws [3] the same distance. T ighten the counternuts [2] . T o make sure the rear wheel is aligned, the marks on the chain tensioners must be in the same position on the left and right in relation to the reference marks [B] .
Checking the chain for wear T o check the chain for wear proceed as follows: Switch the transmission to idle and put a load of approx. 15 kilograms (33 lbs) on the lower part of the chain (see illustration). Now measure the distance between 18 chain rollers on the upper part of the chain.
LOCTITE 243 General information on KTM disk brakes BRAKE CALIPERS: The front brake calipers [1] have 4 brake pistons and are radially bolted to the fork legs. The front brake disks are designed as "floating" brake disks, i.e. they are not firmly con- nected to the front wheel.
BRAKE FLUID RESERVOIRS: The brake fluid reservoirs on the front and rear wheel brakes have been designed in such a way that even if the brake pads are worn it is not necessary to top up the brake fluid. There is no reason to remove the reservoir cap under normal conditions.
Changing the basic position of the handbrake lever The adjusting screw [1] allows you to change the basic position of the handbrake lever [2] . Press the handbrake lever's outer end forward, and, at the same time, turn the adjusting screw .
– ACTUA TE THE FRONT BRAKE UNTIL YOU FEEL THE POINT OF PRESSURE. – NEVER USE DOT5 BRAKE FLUID! IT IS BASED ON SILICONE OIL AND OF A PURPLE COLOR. SEALS AND BRAKE HOSES MUST BE ESPECIALL Y ADAPTED TO IT . – STORE BRAKE FLUID OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
Checking rear brake fluid level The brake fluid reservoir for the rear disk brake is combined with the foot brake cylinder and has an inspection window . The brake fluid level should not drop below the "MIN" mark when the motorcycle is in a vertical position.
MAINTENANCE WORK ON CHASSIS AND ENGINE » 45 Fill DOT 5.1 brake fluid (Motorex Brake Fluid DOT 5.1) up to 12 mm (0.5 in) under the top edge of the reservoir . Remount the rubber boot, cover and screws. W ash off any overflowing or spilled brake fluid with water .
Dismounting and remounting the front wheel * Special stands are required to dismount the wheels to make sure the motorcycle is securely fixed. The front stand only adequately fixes the motorcycle together with the rear stand. The stands shown in the illustration can be found in the KTM Power Parts catalog.
T ake the left [4] and right distance bushing out of the shaft seal rings. – DO NOT OPERA TE THE HAND BRAKE WHEN THE FRONT WHEEL HAS BEEN DISMOUNTED.
Dismounting and mounting the rear wheel * Special stands are required to dismount the wheels to make sure the motorcycle is securely fixed. The stands shown in the illustration can be found in the KTM Power Parts catalog. Mount the rear stand. Make sure the stand rests on solid ground and is correctly mounted.
Before remounting the rear wheel, clean and grease the bearing surface of the bushings [4] and the shaft seal ring [5] . The rear wheel is remounted in the reverse order . Make sure the chain tensioners [2] are mounted in the same way on the left and right.
Tires, air pressure T ire type, tire condition, and how much air pressure the tires have in them affect the way your motorcycle rides, and they must therefore be checked whenever you’re getting ready to go anywhere on your motorcycle.
Battery The battery is located under the seat and is maintenance-free. Maintenance-free means you will not need to check the acid level. Clean the battery termi- nals regularly and grease with acid-free grease if necessary . The charge condition and type of charge are very important for the battery's service life.
Charging the battery The battery discharges every day , even if it is not used. Always disconnect the battery when charging. Charge the battery as described in the instruc- tions [1] on the battery housing. Do not exceed the amperage and charging time.
Main fuse The main fuse [1] protects all power -consuming units on the motorcycle. It is located below the seat at the starter relay . For access to the fuse, remove the cover [2] . The capacity of the fuse is 30 A. A spare fuse [3] can be found under the other cover .
Replace a blown fuse only with an equivalent one. If a new fuse that has just been set in gets blown again, you are strongly advised to have it inspected by a KTM dealer . UNDER NO CIRCUMST ANCES IS A STRONGER FUSE ALLOWED TO BE SET IN OR A FUSE ALLOWED TO BE “REP AIRED”.
P ARKING LIGHT BULB: Pull the bulb socket [2] out of the reflector and pull the bulb out of the bulb socket. HEADLIGHT BULB: Unplug the connector [3] and remove the rubber cap [4] . T urn the bulb socket [5] approx. 30° in a counterclockwise direction and remove.
Adjusting the headlight range The payload can make it necessary to correct the headlight range. The headlight range can be adjusted with the adjusting screw [1] . T urning in a clockwise direction will reduce the headlight range, turning in a counterclockwise direction will increase the headlight range.
Replacing the brake light and taillight bulbs Remove the seat. Remove the screws from the baggage carrier [1] and the upper rear [2] and take off both parts. BULB FOR BRAKE LIGHT : T urn the bulb socket [3] approx. 30° in a counterclockwise direction and pull it out of the taillight housing.
Cooling system The water pump in the engine ensures a forced circulation of the cooling liquid. When the engine is cold, the cooling liquid only circulates in the cylinders and cylinder heads. The thermostat will open when the engine reaches approx. 75°C (167°F) and the cooling liquid will also be pumped through the aluminum radiator [1] .
A mixture of 50% antifreeze and 50% distilled water is used as the cooling liquid. How- ever , the anti-freeze protection must be at least -25° C (-13° F). Aside from antifreezing pro- tection, this mixture also provides great corrosion protection which is why it must not be replaced by pure water .
Checking the cooling liquid level in the radiator * For better access to the radiator cap [1] , remove the screws [2] and take off the tank trim. Hold the radiator cap with a cloth, carefully turn in a counterclockwise direction and remove. The radiator should be completely filled with cooling liquid; no air should be in the radiator .
Remove the seat and screw [5] . Close the fuel taps and fuel line. Slightly pull the tank towards the back, lift about 10 cm (4 in) in the front and slide it under the tank a little bit to hold it in this position. Remove the bleeder screw [6] and the radiator cap.
Changing the original position of the clutch lever The adjusting screw [1] can be used for individual adjustment of the original position of the clutch lever , thus allowing adjustment to an optimal position for every hand size. T urning the adjusting screw in a clockwise direction will move the clutch lever away from the handlebar .
Checking and adjusting the throttle cable play * Y ou should feel 3-5 mm free travel on the throttle grip when you start to turn it. T o adjust, slide back the protection cover [1] , loosen the counternut [2] , turn the adjusting screw [3] as required and tighten the counternut again.
Engine oil Automobile engine oil used to be used for four -stroke motorcycles before there were sepa- rate motorcycle specifications. Different technical developments made it necessary to have a separate specification for four -stroke motorcycles - the JASO T903 MA standard.
Refilling engine oil Unscrew the plug [1] and refill engine oil. W ait 20 seconds and check the oil level again. The quantity of oil between the MIN and MAX marks is 0.6 liter . Mount the plug and check the engine for leaks. – INSUFFICIENT AMOUNTS OF OR LOW-GRADE ENGINE OIL LEAD TO PREMA TURE WEAR IN THE ENGINE.
Remove the drain plug [5] from the oil tank and allow the oil to drain into a vessel. Remove the screws [6] and tilt the connector [7] to the side. Carefully pull the oil screen [8] out of the oil tank. Thoroughly clean the drain plugs, the cover and both oil screens.
Insert a new oil filter in the engine case, grease the O-ring and mount the oil filter cover together with the O-ring. T ighten the screws to 6 Nm. ONL Y USE ORIGINAL KTM OIL FIL TERS. THE ENGINE CAN BE DAMAGED IF OTHER FIL TERS ARE USED. Mount the oil drain plug on the oil tank with a new seal ring and tighten to 20 Nm.
TROUBLESHOOTING » 68 If you let the specified maintenance work on your motorcycle be carried out, disturbances can hardly be expected. Should an error occur nevertheless, we advise you to use the trouble shooting chart in order to find the cause of error .
TROUBLESHOOTING » TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY Engine cranks but doesn’t start. Operating error Blown fuse for the fuel pump The plug and socket connector on the wiring harness is oxidized Open fuel taps, tank fuel, you did not use choke. Pay atten- tion to starting off information (see driving instructions).
TROUBLESHOOTING » TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY Engine stalls while driving No fuel Operating error Fuse for fuel pump has blown Fuse for the carburetor heater has blown, causing the carburetor to ice Refuel .
TROUBLESHOOTING » TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY No values are visible in the multi- functional digital speedometer display . Blown fuse Replace fuse HORN BRAKELIGHT SPEEDO. No speed display . Defective sensor cable or oxidized socket connector . Check the pickup cable for damage, remove the headlight mask and check the cable connectors.
CLEANING » 72 Regular cleansing and paintwork care is part of the maintenance work and helps to maintain the value of your motorcycle. NEVER CLEAN YOUR MOTORCYCLE WITH A HIGH-PRESSURED CLEANER OR A HIGH-PRESSURED W A TER JET . THE WA TER COULD OTHERWISE RUN INTO THE ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS, CONNECTORS, SHEA THED CABLES, BEARINGS, CARBURETOR ETC.
CONSERVATION FOR WINTER OPERATION » 73 In the event that the motorcycle is also used in winter and on roads where one has to expect salt spraying, you will have to ta ke precautions against the aggressive road salt.
STORAGE » 74 Should you desire to make a pause over a longer space of time, please observe the following instructions: – Drive the tank empty to be able to fill up with fresh fuel when starting the motorcycle up again.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – CHASSIS » CHASSIS 950 SUPERMOTO Frame tubular chrome-molybdenum-steel space frame Fork WP Suspension – U p S ide D own fork 4860 ROMA Wheel travel front 200 mm (7.9 in) Rear suspension WP Suspension - P rogressive D amping S ystem shock absorber 4618 BA VP Wheel travel rear 210 mm (8.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – CHASSIS » CHASSIS 950 SUPERMOTO Battery 12V 11.2 Ah maintenance-free Steering head angle 64.6° Wheel base 1510 ± 10 mm (59.4 in) Seat height, unloaded 865 mm (34 in) Ground clearance, unloaded 190 mm (7.5 in) Dry weight 191 kg (421.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – CHASSIS » TIGHTENING TORQUES – CHASSIS 950 SUPERMOTO 2006 Collar bolt on front wheel spindle M24x1.5 60 Nm Collar nut wheel spindle rear M25x1.5 90 Nm AH bolt shock absorber top/bottom M14x1.5 80 Nm Collar nut for swing arm bolt M19x1.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – CHASSIS » TIGHTENING TORQUES – CHASSIS 950 SUPERMOTO 2006 HH bolt for side stand switch M4 Loctite 243 + 2 Nm Drain plug on oil tank M12x1,5 25 Nm Exhaust nuts on manif.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – ENGINE » ENGINE 950 LC8 Design liquid-cooled, 2-cylinder 4-stroke engine with 75° V arrangement with balancer shaft and electric starter Displacement 942 ccm Bore / Stroke 100/60 mm Compression ratio 11.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – ENGINE » ENGINE 950 LC8 Ignition system breakerless transistorized electronic ignition system with digital ignition advance Ignition timing 5° BTDC at 1200 rpm Generator 12V 450W at 6000 rpm Spark plug NGK CR 8 EK Electrode distance 0.
HEAD WORD INDEX » 81 Accessories and payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Adjusting compression damping of fork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Adjusting rebound damping of fork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HEAD WORD INDEX » 82 Hand brake lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Helmet lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Ignition lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPORTING SAFETY DEFECTS If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause injury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway T raffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in adition to notifying KTM Sportmotorcycle USA, Inc.
CONSUMER INFORMATION FOR USA ONLY » 84 on steering head tube L/S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 on fuel tank on fuel tank (under seat) on fuel tank (under seat) on fuel tank (under seat) on frame tube R/S on fram.
CONSUMER INFORMATION FOR USA ONLY » [1] T ype label USA [2] Before you go for the first ride [3] Suspension setting [4] Chain tension [5] T echnical information [6] Green sticker [8] T ype label CAN .
86.
87.
88.
950 SUPERMOTO KTM Sportmotorcycle AG A–5230 Mattighofen www.ktm.at 11/2005 FOTO: MITTERBAUER KTM Group Partner ART. NR. 3.211.82 ES MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES 2006.
An important point after buying a device KTM 950 Supermoto (2006) (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought KTM 950 Supermoto (2006) yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data KTM 950 Supermoto (2006) - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, KTM 950 Supermoto (2006) you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get KTM 950 Supermoto (2006) will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of KTM 950 Supermoto (2006), but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime KTM 950 Supermoto (2006).
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with KTM 950 Supermoto (2006). Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device KTM 950 Supermoto (2006) along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
