Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product DDI-1 Amstrad
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This document is a PDF version of the AMSTRAD DDI- 1 USER INSTRUCT IONS manual. This version has been scanned an d OCRed from the original and as a result may contain spelling mistakes and errors whi ch were not part of the original document. This manual is © Copyrigh t Amstrad plc.
AMSTRAD DISC DRIV E & INTERFA CE DDI-1 Congra tula tions on becomin g the proud own er of the Amstrad DDI-1. You wil l so on discove r the wisdo m of your choi ce, a nd wha t a worth while invest ment your unit is. Its speed will allow you to load and save fi les in seconds which would t ake several minutes using cassette.
Two opera ting systems are supplied: AMSDOS is an exten sion of the cass ette fi ling system in CPC464 BASIC, and allows access to the B ASIC inte rpreter .
Contents Foundation Course F1 Setting Up F2 About Disc s F3 Loading Software /Games F4 Introducing AMSDOS and CP/M Chapter 1 Maki ng Working Discs Backup master disc A working SYSTEM/UTILITY disc A BA.
Chapter 4 Introd uction to LOGO What is LOGO Dr LOGO procedures Editing programs and procedures Operating hin ts Summ ary of Dr. LOGO primitives Word and list proc essing Arithmetic operatio ns Logica.
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AMSTRAD DDI-1 FOUNDA TION COURS E Foundations 1: Setting Up Connecting the Mains Lead The Amstrad dis c drive oper ates from a 220-240V ~50Hz Main s Supply. The Mains Lead is fitte d at th e rear of the unit. Fit a prope r Mains Plug to the Mains Lead.
Connecting the DDI -1 to the Comput er 1. Check that the computer and disc dri ve(s) are switched off. 2. Plug the Interface Unit firmly in to the edge- connec tor marked FLOPPY DISC at the rea r of the computer (S ee Figure 1) Figure 1 3.
4. If you are operating with o ne disc drive only, connect the computer and disc drive as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 5. If you are op erating with 2 disc drives, co nnect the compute r and disc drives as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 Switch on the disc drive(s) then the computer.
IMPORTANT 1) For maximum dat a reli abilit y, do not positio n your d isc drive(s) closer than 20cm (8 inches) to the monitor, see Figure 5. It is recommended that you locate your dis c drive(s) to the rig ht of the computer (or MP-1 mo dulat or/powe r supply if used).
Foundations 2: About Discs The Amstrad disc drive uses 3 inch compact fl oppy discs. We strongly recommend that for re liabl e data-to-disc trans fer, you use only Amsoft CF-2 c ompact floppy discs. Discs made by leading manufacturers however, may also b e used.
When the hole is closed, data can be 'written' onto the disc by the computer. When the hole is open however, the disc will not al low data to be writt en onto it, thus enabling you to avoid acciden tal erasure of valuable programs.
To open the Wri te Protect hole on this type of disc, slide the lever towards the middle of the dis c, using the tip of a ball-point pen or similar obj ect, see Figure 10. Figure 10 Note that regardless o f the method employed to open and c lose the Wri te Prote ct hole, opening the hole in al l cases facili tates protect ion against overwriti ng.
Indicator Lamp The red indicat or lamp has two function s: If only one disc drive is connected (Drive A), the lamp ind icates that data is being read from, or writte n to th e disc. If two disc drives are connect ed, the red indic ator on Drive B will illumina te constantly , giving you a quick indicatio n o f which unit i s Drive B.
Foundations 3: Loading Software/Games Software/Games availabl e on disc for the Amstrad syst em are load ed many times more quickly than th eir c assette counterp arts. It is nec essary however, to remember a few important ru les concerning the names of programs to be lo aded or run.
Bad command means that you h ave incorrec tly named the program, either by exc eeding t he number of permitt ed ch aracters in a field, or by introduc ing an unwanted space or punctuation mark.
Foundations 4: Introducing AMSDOS and CP/M When you switch your system on, the computer automatically runs internal checks to see which peripher als are connec ted to the rear sockets.
The commands |a and |b tell the computer which d rive to dire ct any subsequ ent disc co mma nd. Typing in for example: |a load "filename" will tel l th e computer to l oad the specifi ed program from a disc placed in drive A. If neither |a nor |b is ini tiall y entered or the computer is re set, the system will default to drive A.
Storing Data Onto Disc Before writing any data onto a new blank disc, the dis c its elf must first be formatted. Formatting can be likened to buildi ng a ser ies of shelves and d ividers onto a disc p.
After a few seconds you will see the foll owing message on the screen: CP/M 2.2 - Amstrad Consumer Electronics plc. A> This is a 'Sign on' message indi cating that the operating system is under the cont rol of CP/M.
Please insert a CP/M system disc into drive A then press any key: After doing so, the computer will retu rn y ou to dir ect mode CP/M (consol e mode), and will await your next command.
under the sections concern ing AMSDOS and CP/M. As a n example of saving to disc, wri t e a s hort program in to the me mory, i ns ert a formatted dis c, then type in: save "example" After a few seconds, the prompt Ready will appear on the sc reen, an d the prog ram will have b een saved onto disc.
Copying Programs Fro m Disc to Disc Using the commands alread y learnt in thi s secti on, it can be seen tha t disc to di sc program co pying is perf ormed simply by load ing the program into the memor y from the source disc, removing the source disc , and saving the program onto th e destin ation disc.
then type in: load "filename" After the program has load ed and the Ready prompt appears, save the program on to cassette by typing in: |tape.
When the source disc is i nserted and you have pres sed a key, the computer will display the message: Copying started Reading track 0 to 7 After whic h, you will be asked to: Please insert destination disc into drive A then press any key Whereupon you should remove your source disc and insert a disc for copying onto.
Follow the instru ctions on the screen, and th e contents of your source disc wil l be copied onto your d estinati on disc 8 tra cks at a time, until the last track (39) is completed. Like DISCCOPY , COPYDISC incorpora tes automatic formatti ng if required.
To concl ude this 4- part Fou ndati on cours e, h ere is a brie f su mmary of the Importan t points covere d so far: INSTALLATION 1. Always conn ect the Main s L ead to a 3 pin plug fo llowing th e instru ctio ns contain ed in the first section entitl ed, 'Setting Up'.
AMSTRAD Disc Drive & Interfac e DDI-1 Manual Foundati on 4.12.
CHAPTER 1 Making Working Discs. This chapter d iscusse s how to mak e dis cs to use from day to day, and int rod uces some fac iliti es of CP/M and its Utility progr ams. Subject s covered are: • Makin g a bac kup Master System/Utilit es disc • Const ructin g a Worki ng Systems/Utility dis c.
1.2 A working SYSTEM/UTILITY disc. You will find that, as well as making a day-to-day copy of your Maste r System/Utility disc an d Dr L OGO disc, it is m ost co nven ient if you make a 'working utili ty disc' contain ing a few of the programs from the Master System/Utili ty disc that you use the most.
1.4.1 Turnkey BASIC usin g disc suppli ed. Simply copy the master d isc, with COPYDISC or DISCCOPY , preserve the master disc and u se th e copy. Follo w the instr uctions provided to run the program. If you requir e any addition al p rograms from your Master System/Utility dis c, use FILECOPY to transfe r them.
Although the instru ction s b elow are for a single drive dis c sy stem, it is in general, simplest to fol low them also if you have a tw in disc system (by ignoring the se cond drive). Firstly fo rmat a new system disc. Then copy all the programs from your master package disc u sing FILECOPY from your System/Utility disc.
Value Hex Value Decimal Operation &14 20 Clear from and includ ing the curr ent cursor posit ion to end of window. &18 24 Toggle into/out of Inverse video. &1E 30 Home cursor. &lF <c> <r > 31 <c> <r> Move cursor to given posit ion in curre nt window.
1.5.4 Autosta rting a Turnkey CP/M Package. It is possib le to arrange for the CP/M operating system to automatical ly run a particu lar program every time CP/M is entered using a p articul ar diskett e. Thi s is performed by one of the options in the SETUP program.
CHAPTER 2 AMSDOS Primer This chapter describ es AMSDOS, covering all th e avai lab le commands a nd their uses. It details the format of filena mes and provid es a reference guide to the commands .
2.2 Disc Directory Every disc has two sectio ns, the direc tory and the data area. The direc tory conta ins a list of all the filenames and a 'map' of wherea bouts on the d isc each file is to be found. AMSDOS or CP/M can calculate the size of a part icula r fil e by inspec ting its d irectory entry.
2.3.2 AMSDOS he aders AMSDOS automatically SAVEs f iles with a suitabl e ty pe identifie r so it is no t normally neces sary to speci fy one, unless you wish t o override the defaul ts described previously.
2.3.3 Wild cards It is oft en require d to perform some disc oper ation (Cataloguing, copying, erasing etc) on a number of d isc fil es. When a filen ame is specif ied for a parti cular operat ion, the software s c ans the disc directory looking for a name which exactly matches.
10 DIM colour(2) 20 MODE 1:ORIGIN 0,0,0,640,0,400 : REM reset screen 30 dumpfile$="flagdump.srn" 40 FOR i=0 TO 2 50 READ colour(i): REM Get colours from DATA statement 60 INK i,colour(i) 70 NEAT 80 OPENOUT "Param.
The second example (EX2.BAS) is a general purp ose scre en dump displa ying program, u sing a parameter file to cont rol it s actio n. Note how variables are INPU T from th e d ata file, with th e EOF funct ion allowi ng auto matic variati on in the size o f the file.
2.5.1 Summary of BASIC commands The following AMS TRAD B ASI C commands are interc epted to opera te on the disc system rather than the datacor der. Apart f rom the CAT command, whose action is substa.
|CPM |CPM COMMAND: Switch to a lternat ive disc environment by loadin g operating syste m from a system disc. The operat ing system suppl ied with the DDI-1 is CP/M 2.2 Th is will fai l if drive A does n ot contain a system disc with CP/M |DIR |DIR [,<str ing expression >] f$="*.
|ERA |ERA, <string expr ession> a$="FRED.BAK" |ERA,@a$ COMMAND: All fi les which match the fil ename and are not read-only are era sed. Wild card s are permitted. |REN |REN, <string expr ession>, <string e xpression > O$="OLDNAME.
2.6 Copying Files We have a lready described the use of the CP/M program FILECOPY to make working utility d iscs and package discs. This secti on describes how to copy all types of file, from disc t o disc, and between disc and tape.
Copying files from o ne disc to another in a two d rive system is normally easi er with the CP/M utility PIP , se e CP/M primer. COPY FROM: COPY TO: AMSTRAD BASIC on tape * ASCII data on tape * Binary.
COPY FROM: COPY TO: AMSTRAD BASIC on di sc * ASCII data on di sc * AMSOS Binary on di sc * All other disc AMSTRAD BASIC on tape * LOAD”FILE” |TAPE SAVE “FILE” |DISC Binary on tape * H = HIMEM .
2.7 Reference guide to A MSDOS Error Messages. When AMSDOS cannot carry out a command for some re ason, it will display an error message. If there is a probl em with the hardware, an error message is .
Drive <DRIVE>: disc missing No disc in drive, or disc is not seated and spin ning proper ly. Recommended action is to ejec t an d re-insert t he disc and type R Drive <DRIVE>: disc is write protected Attempt has been made to write on a disc with the Wr ite Prote ct hole open.
Chapter 3 C P/M Primer Operating with CP/M Subject s covered in this chapter: • Booti ng CP/M • Config uratio n sector • Direct console mode • Transie nt prog rams • Managi ng periphera ls CP/M is a disc operat ing system. It is a specia l program which gives you acces s to the full power of your CPC464 d isc system.
Firstly the AMSDOS command | CPM lo ads the first secto r of track 0 into the CPC464. On a system disc this sector has been arran ged to be a program which then loads the rest of the system tracks into memory.
3.6 Direct Console Com mands There are f ive di rect console commands which can be typed at the A> or B> prompt. The fi rst o f these; SAVE , is for spec ialis t use only. CP/M Erro r messages tend to be economic al a nd norm ally consis t of r ep eating the offending command or filename followed by a ?.
ERA PIP.COM will er ase t he file PIP.COM ERA B:PIP.COM will er ase t he file PIP.COM on drive B ERA *.BAS will er ase a ll .BAS file s 3.6.5 REN command REN allows you to REName an ex isting file. The new file name is speci fied fir st followed by = then th e existing filen ame.
examples: PIP B:=A:*.COM copy all .COM files f rom drive A: to drive B: PIP SAV.BAS=EX1.BAS make a copy of EX1.BAS , callin g it SAV.BAS PIP CON:=EX1.BAS send f ile EX1.BAS to scr een. (Similar effec t to TYPE EX1.BAS ) PIP LST:=EX1.BAS send file EX1.
CLOAD can take t wo parameters, the first is th e source (Cassett e) filename, enclo sed in double quot es, and the se cond the dest ination (disc) filename. If the destin ation filename is omitted, the dis c file will have the same name as the cassette file.
Set a file to 'Directory' status, reversin g the 'System' assignment: STAT *.COM $DIR STAT SECRET.BAS $DIR 3.7.3.2 SETUP This u tility al lows you to re-define the charac teristic s of t he CPC464 keyboard, disc drive and ser ial interfa ce, and to invoke variou s acti ons when CP/M is first loaded.
3.7.3.3 AMSDOS This p rogram relinqu ishes control from CP/M and retur ns t o the b uilt-in AMSTRAD BASIC, from which the AMSDOS disc commands will be availabl e. 3.7.4 Dis c Generati on 3.7.4.1 FORMAT The AMSTRA D DDI- 1 disc system su pports thr ee disc formats, one of which has two variants.
3.7.4.2 MOVCPM Sometimes i t is required to constru ct a version of CP/M which does not load into memo ry in the stand ard p osition. This ma y be because you wish to reserve some memo ry fo r othe r purpose s, so CP/M itsel f must be moved to a lower portion of memo ry.
AMSTRAD Disc Drive & Interfac e DDI-1 Manual Chapter 3.10.
CHAPTER 4 Introduction to LOGO This Secti on is intend ed to introd uce the subj ect of LOGO, with examples, and p rovide a gui de to th e commands avail able .
4.2 Dr. LOGO Dr LOGO is a t houghtfu l implementa tion of L ogo wh ich has been speci ally customised for the AMSTR AD CPC464, to make it even easie r to prog ram. Extensions have been in cluded to make availabl e th e powerful sound facil itie s of the CPC464 and program edit ing is made easy by the inclusion of the cursor key clust er.
4.5 DR. LOGO PROCEDURES A procedure is a l ist of instruct ions that tell s Dr. Logo how to do a task. You will probab ly write your first procedure s by adding to those alre ady built into Dr .
When we use procedure squareanysize :side must have a value. Hence an instruc tion squareanysize 150 would produce a square wi th sides of 150 uni ts. Try adding t wo p ro cedures together and see what happens.
[CLR] d eletes the charact er under the cu rsor, [DEL] d eletes the charact er to the left of the cur sor. [ENTER] tells Dr.Logo that you have fin ished edit ing a line of commands or makes a new line if you are editing a proc edure. [ESC] mea ns abando n and [COPY] tells Dr.
4.10.1 WORD AND LIST PROCESSING: (Note that prompts ? and > are sh own in the following examples) ascii Outputs t he ASCII value of the first charac ter in the input word. ?ascii "G 71 ?ascii "g 103 bf (but fir st) Output s all but the first element in the in put obj ect.
emptyp Outputs TRUE if the input obj ect is an empty word or an empty list; otherwise o utputs FALSE. ?emptyp " TRUE ?emptyp [] TRUE ?emptyp [x] FALSE ?make "x [] ?emptyp :x TRUE first Outputs t he first element of the in put obje ct.
se (senten ce) Outputs a l ist made up of the input obj ect s, removes lis t's outer bracke ts (compare with list ). ?make "instr_list rl repeat 4 [fd 50 rt 90] ?run (se "cs : instr_list “ht Note t hat the underli ne charact er between instr and list is ob tained by pressing [SHIFT]0 word Outputs a word made up of the input words.
+ Outputs t he sum of the input numbers. ?+ 2 2 4 ?2+2 4 - Outputs t he differ ence of the two input numbers. ?- 10 5 5 ?10-5 5 * Outputs t he product of input numbers. ?* 4 6 24 ?4*6 24 / Outputs t he decimal q uotient of the two input numbers. ?/ 25 5 5 ? 25/5 5 4.
not Outputs T RUE if the input expressi on is FALSE; FALSE if t he input expression is TRUE. ?not (3=4) TRUE ?not (3=3) FALSE or Outputs F ALSE if all input expre ssion s are FALSE. ?or "TRUE "FALSE TRUE ?or (3=4)(1=1) TRUE = Outputs T RUE if the two input object s are equal; otherwis e output s FALSE.
4.10.4 VARIABLES: local Makes the input-named variable(s ) accessib le only to the curren t pr ocedure and the procedure s it call s. >(local "x "y "z) make Makes the input-named variable t he value of the input object. ?make "side 50 ?:side 50 4.
to Indicates the beginning of a proc edure definiti on. ?to square >repeat 4[fd 50 rt 90] >end square defined 4.10.6 EDITING: ed (edit) Loads the specifi ed procedu re(s) and/o r variable(s ) into the screen editor 's buffer. ?ed "square 4.
ts (text screen) Selects a full text scre en. ?ts type Displays the input obje ct(s) on the tex t screen, removes li st's outer br ackets, does no t follow last input with a carriage re turn (compare with pr and show ).
fs (full screen) Selects a full graphic scre en. ?fs pal (palett e) Outputs numbers repr esenting the amount of red, green, a nd blue colour assigned t o a pen. ?pal 2 [0 2 2] setpal (set palette ) Sets the pen colour palet te. Assign an amount of red, green, and b lue to a pen.
wrap Makes the turtle reapp ear on the opposite side of the graphic s creen when it exceeds the boundary. ?cs wrap ?rt 5 fd 1000 ?cs window ?rt 5 fd 1000 4.10.9 TURTLE GRAPHICS: bk (back) Moves the turtle the input number of steps in the opposite direction of its heading.
pe (pen erase) Changes the turtle's pen colour to 0, the background colour ; the turt le erases drawn lines. ?fd 50 ?pe ?bk 25 ?fd 50 ?pd fd 25 pu (pen up) Pick s the tur tle's pen up; the tur tle s tops drawing.
setpos (set po sition) Moves the turtle to the position specifie d in the input coordinate list . ?setpos [30 20] st (show turt le) Makes the turtl e visibl e if hidden.
recycle Frees a s many nodes as possib le and reor ganizes the workspace. ?recycle ?nodes 4.9.11 PROPERTY LISTS: glist (get li st) Outputs a lis t of all the objec ts in the workspace that have the input property name in their property lists. ?glist ".
4.10.12 DISC FILES: dir (directory ) Outputs a lis t of Dr. Logo file names on the de fault or spe cified disc; accepts wild-cards. ?dir [STARTUP STARS PATTERNS] ?dir "b: [AVERAGE TOOLS ADDRESSES] ?dir "??AR???? [STARTUP STARS] load Reads the input-named file from the disc into the workspace.
paddle Returns the st ate of either joyst ick 0 or 1. The position s of the joystick are indicat ed as follows: Value returned Meaning 255 Nothing pressed 0 Up 1 Up and right 2 Right 3 Down and right 4 Down 5 Down and left 6 Left 7 Up and left ?paddle 0 255 The fi re button s are t ested by buttonp .
4.10.14 SOUND: The sound commands are uniq ue to the AMSTRAD implementation of Dr. LOGO an d are similar to thei r AMSTRAD BASIC counte rpart s. Refer t o Chapter 6 of the CPC464 User Instruction s fo r further information. sound puts a sound int o the sound queue.
go Executes the l ine within the curre nt procedur e follow ing a lab el expression with the same input word. >go "Loop if Executes one of two inst ruction list s depen ding on the value of the input e xpression; input inst ructi ons must be literal lists enclosed in b rackets.
4.10.16 EXCE PTION HANDLING: catch Traps error s and special co nditions t hat occur during the executio n of the input instruc tion li st. >catch "error[+[][]] >pr [I am here] I am here error Outputs a list whose elements describe the most recen t erro r.
TOPLEVEL throw "TOPLEVEL will exit all pending procedu res. TRUE System value 4.10.19 SYSTEM PROPERTIES .APV Associated property value; the value of a glob al variabl e. .DEF Definition of a procedure. .PRM Identifies a primitive. AMSTRAD Disc Drive & Interfac e DDI-1 Manual Chapter 4.
CHAPTER 5 Technical informat ion for the user – Firmware This chapter assu mes pr ior kno wledg e of the CPC46 4 firm ware. Some knowledge of the f undamentals of CP/M is also assumed. This chapter does not however a ttempt to di scuss the facilit ies availa ble in the CP/M environment.
Unprotect ed ASCII fil es do not have header s. All other AMSDOS fil es have a single header in the fi rst 128 bytes of the file, the head er record. These headers are detec ted by checksumming the first 67 bytes of the record. If th e check sum is as expe cted then a header is pres ent, if not, there is no header.
5.4 Error Messages AMSDOS use s the CP/M BIOS in order to access the disc. Thus BIOS messages will be displayed in the event of a d isc hardwar e error. In the following <DRIVE> means A or B. <FILENAME> means an AMSDOS filename. 5.4.1 AMSDOS mes sages.
Typing R for ret ry causes th e BIOS to repeat the opera tion. Typing I for ignore causes the BIOS to continue as if the proble m had not o ccured. Typing C for cancel cau ses the BIOS to abandon the oper ation. Thi s will ofte n re sult in a BDOS error message.
5.5 Disc Organisation The BIOS suppor ts t hree differen t disc forma ts: SYSTEM format, DATA ONLY format and IBM format. Under AMSDOS the forma t of a disc is automatica lly detected each time a dis c with n o open files is accessed. To permit this automati c detection each format has u nique secto r numbers.
5.6 Jump Block Interception - by AMSDOS When AMSDOS is initi ali sed it copies the relevan t ca ssette jumpblock entries into its own d ata area. When DISC is sele cted the cassette jumpblock ent ries are overwritten by AMSDOS entries, when TAPE is selected the original cassette entrie s are restored.
Errors detect ed b y th e floppy disc cont roller ar e repor ted as a bit significant value between # 40..#7F, i.e. bit 6 is always set. The othe r bits are return ed as follows: bit 5 data erro r - CRC error on data or ID field. bit 4 overrun error. bit 3 drive not ready - there is no dis c in the drive.
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APPENDI X 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Ambiguous File Name: A file name cont aining one or m ore w ildcard c harac ters. Am biguous fil enames refer to more th an one specific file name and are used to refer to one or more files at a time. AMSDOS: AMStrad Disc Oper ating System.
Cold start: The process of booting and ini tiali sing an operating system. A cold start of CP/M is performed whe n the | CPM command is used. Console mode: CP/M direct mode; the A> appears on the scree n, and the system await s input o f a CP/M or uti lity command.
Dr.Logo: Digital Research's version of Logo, a programming language with a graphic s turtl e. Edit: To cor rect or make changes to data, a program or text. Expression: In Dr. Logo an expre ssion consists of a procedur e name fol lowed by any necessary inputs to the procedure.
Page ze ro: This refers to the region of memory in a CP/M environment between 0000Hex and 0100Hex that is used to hold vital system paramete rs. Physical device: An actual device, con sisti ng of hardware, that exists. Physical devices may be represe nted by logical devices.
System trac k s: Tracks reserved on the disc for the CP/M system. TPA: Transi ent Program Area. An ar ea in memor y comm en cing at 0100Hex where CP/M user p rograms run and store data. Track: Tracks are concent ric r ings on a disc. Each tra ck holds a fix ed number of sector s.
AMSTRAD Disc Drive & Interfac e DDI-1 Manual Appendix 1.6.
APPENDI X 2 DIGITAL RESEARCH & AMSTRAD END USE R PROGRAM LICENCE AGREEMENT NOTICE TO USER - PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY. DO NOT OPEN THE DISKETTE PACKAGE UNTIL YOU HAVE READ THIS LICENCE AGREEMENT. OPENING THE DISKETTE PACKAGE INDICATES YOUR AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND BY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
4. Transf er the program and licen ce to another party if you noti fy DRI of name and address of the other party an d the other party agrees to a) accept the terms and conditi ons of this Agreement, b) sign and forward to DRI a copy of the regist ration card and c) pay the then current transfer fee.
5. LIMITA TIONS OF REMEDIES AMSTRAD's entire liabil ity and your exclusive remedy shall be the replacement of any diskett e not meeting this "Li mited War ranty" and which is returned to AMSOFT with a copy of your receipt.
AMSTRAD Disc Drive & Interfac e DDI-1 Manual Appendix 2.4.
APPENDI X 3 INDEX |A F4.1 Ch2.7 Copying files F4.7 Ch2.10 Ch3.5 Aborti ng CP/M functions F4.10 COS Ch4.8 AMSDOS F4.1 Ch2.1 COUNT Ch4.6 AMSDOS comm and sum mary Ch2.6 CP/M Ch3.1 AMSDOS error messa ges Ch2.13 Ch5.3 |CPM F4.3 Ch2.8 AMSDOS filenames Ch2.2 CP/M filenam es Ch 3.
ER Ch4.17 Logical operat ions Ch4.9 ERA Ch3.3 Logical op erators (= > <) Ch4.10 |ERA Ch2.9 LOGO Ch4.1 ERN Ch4.17 LT Ch4.15 ERRACT Ch4.23 MAKE Ch4.11 ERROR Ch4.23 MOVCPM Ch3.9 Error me ssages (AMSDOS) Ch2.13 Ch5.3 NODES Ch4.17 Error me ssages (CP/M BIOS) Ch5.
SETPOS Ch4.17 Works pace m anag ement com man ds Ch4.17 SETSPLIT Ch4. 12 WRAP Ch 4. 15 Setting Up 171.1 Write p rotection F2.1 SETUP C h3.7 XSUB Ch3.9 SF Ch4.14 SHOW Ch4.12 SIN Ch4.8 Software F3.1 SOUND Ch4.21 Sound comm ands (LOGO) Ch4.21 SS Ch 4.14 ST Ch4.
An important point after buying a device Amstrad DDI-1 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Amstrad DDI-1 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Amstrad DDI-1 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Amstrad DDI-1 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Amstrad DDI-1 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Amstrad DDI-1, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Amstrad DDI-1.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Amstrad DDI-1. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Amstrad DDI-1 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
