Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product 54621D Agilent Technologies
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User’s Guide Publication Number 5 4622-97029 Mar ch 2 002 For Safety Informa tion and Regulat ory inform ation , see th e page s behi nd th e Ind ex.
ii The Oscilloscopes at a Glance Choose from a variety of o scilloscopes for capt uring long, non-repe ating signals with 200 MSa/s sample rate and 2 MBytes of MegaZo om deep memory per channel.
iii In This Book This manual wi ll guide you in using the oscillosc opes. Th is manual i s organized in t he fo llowi ng ch apters : Chapter 1 Get ting Starte d—ins pecti ng, c lean ing, an d se tting u p you r osci llos cope , usin g Qu ick H elp.
iv.
Contents Contents-1 1 Getting Started Setting up the Oscilloscope 1-4 To i nspect pa ckag e con tents 1-5 To i nspect opti ons a nd acces sori es 1-8 To cl ean the o scil losc ope 1- 11 To adjus t the.
Cont ents Contents-2 To set ana log chann el p robe a ttenua tion fac tor 2-17 To d ispl ay and rea rran ge t he dig ital chan nels 2-18 To o perat e the time base co ntro ls 2-19 To sta rt an d sto p.
Contents Contents-3 4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts 4-3 Deep Mem o ry 4-4 Osci llosco pe Re spo nsive ness 4- 5 Displ ay Update Rate 4-6 To se tup t he An alog ch anne.
Cont ents Contents-4 Saving and Rec allin g Traces and Set ups 4-48 To Autosave traces and setups 4-49 To sa ve t race s and s etups to inter nal me mory or t o ove r writ e an exist ing floppy di sk .
Contents Contents-5 6 Utilities To con figure Q uick H elp lang uages 6-3 To u pdat e yo ur i nstru ment to t he l atest applicat ion soft ware 6-5 To co nfigu re a p rinte r 6-6 To us e the flopp y d.
Contents-6.
1 Gett ing Star ted.
1- 2 Getting Started When you use the o scilloscopes to help test a nd troubleshoot your systems, you m ay do the foll owing: • Prepare the oscilloscope by connecting it to power and setting up the handle and screen intensity as desi red.
1- 3 Getting Started The oscilloscope’s high-speed display ca n b e used to isolate infre quently changing signals. You can then use the characteristics of these si gnals to help refi ne the trigger specifi cation. For m ore inform ation on triggering, data acquisition, data examination and measurement, and configuration, see the later chapter s.
1- 4 Setting up the Oscillo scope To prepare your oscillosco pe for use, you need to do the following tasks. A f t e r y o u h a v e c o m p l e t e d t h e m , y o u w i l l b e r e a d y t o u s e t h e o s c i l l o s c o p e .
1- 5 Getting Started T o inspect package con tents To inspect package contents ❏ Inspect the shipping con tainer for damage. If y our shipping con tainer appears to be damag ed, keep the shippin g c.
1- 6 Getting Starte d T o inspect p ackage conten ts • Agilen t IntuiLi nk Data Captu re (all e xcept for 54621A or 21D) Intu iLink Data Captu re is a stand alone progr am for downlo adi ng wave form data from the os cillo scop es to your PC via GPI B or RS -232 inter face .
1- 7 Getting Started T o inspect package con tents Packag e conten ts for 54620/4 0-Series Osc illosco pes s s1 10073C o r 10074C P robes Power cord Access ories pouc h and fro nt-pa nel co ver** 5462.
1- 8 Getting Starte d T o inspect options an d accessorie s To inspect options and accessories ❏ Verify t hat y ou re ceived the options and accessor ies you orde red and that no ne were d amage d. If anything is missing, contac t your nearest Agilen t Sales Office.
1- 9 Getting Started T o inspect op tions and a ccessories T able 1-2 Accessori es available Model Descrip tion 1146A Curre nt prob e, ac/dc 1183A Testmob ile scope ca rt 1185A Carrying Cas e 1186A Rackmou nt Kit 10070C 1:1 Passive Probe wit h ID 10072A Fine-pi tch probe kit 10075A 0.
1- 10 Getting Starte d T o inspect options an d accessorie s T able 1-3. Power Cor ds Plug Type Cable P art Numbe r Plu g Type Cable P art Number Opt 900 (U.K.) 8120-1703 Opt 918 (Japan ) 8120-47 54 Opt 901 (Austral ia) 8120-0696 Opt 919 (Israel) 8120-6799 Opt 902 (Europe ) 8120-1692 Opt 920 (Argentina ) 8120-6871 Opt 903 (U.
1- 1 1 Getting Started T o clea n the o scil losc ope To clean the oscilloscope 1 Disconnect power from the instrument. CAUTION Do not use too much liquid in cle aning the oscilloscop e. Water can enter the front-panel k eyboard, control k nobs, or floppy disk dam aging sensitive elect ronic com ponent s.
1- 12 Getting Starte d T o adjust the handl e To adjust the handle 1 Grasp t he handle pivo t points on each side o f the instrument and pull the pivo t ou t u nt il it st ops. 2 Without releasi ng the pivots, swivel the handle to the desired position.
1- 1 3 Getting Started T o pow er-on th e o scil losc ope To power-o n the oscillosco pe 1 Connect t he power cord t o the rear of the osci lloscope, t hen to a suitabl e ac volt age source. The o scil loscop e po wer supp ly au toma tical ly adjust s for inpu t li ne vol tage s in the range 100 to 240 V AC.
1- 14 Getting Starte d T o adjust the w aveform in tensity To adjust the waveform intensi ty The I nte nsity control is at the lower lef t cor ner of t he fr ont p anel. • To decrease wa veform intensit y, rotate the Inten sity control counte r- clockwise.
1- 1 5 Getting Started T o connect the oscilloscope analog probes To connect the oscillosc ope analog probes The a nalog inp ut im pedanc e o f the se osc illos cope s is select able either 50 Ω (54640-se ries onl y) or 1 M Ω . The 50 Ω mo de ma tches 5 0 Ω cables commonly used in making high frequency measure ments.
1- 16 Getting Starte d T o compensate your an alog probe To compensate your analog probe Y ou should comp ensate y ou analog probes to mat ch their characteristics to t he oscillo scope.
1- 1 7 Getting Started T o use the digital pro bes (mixed -signal oscilloscop e only) To use the digital probes (mi xed-signal oscill oscope only) 1 If you feel it’s necessary , turn of f the power suppl y to the cir cuit under test.
1- 18 Getting Starte d T o use the digita l probes (mix ed-signal oscill oscope on ly) 3 Connect a clip to one of the probe leads. Be sure to connect the ground lead. (Othe r probe leads are omitt ed from the figu re for clar ity.) 4 Connect t he clip to a node in t he circuit you want to te st.
1- 1 9 Getting Started T o use the digital pro bes (mixed -signal oscilloscop e only) 5 For high-s peed signals , connect a ground lead t o the probe lead, connect a clip t o the grou nd lead, and attach the clip to ground in the circui t under test .
1- 20 Getting Starte d T o use the digita l probes (mix ed-signal oscill oscope on ly) 7 Repeat steps 3 through 6 until you have connected all points of interest.
1- 2 1 Getting Started T o co nne ct a pr int er To connect a printer The o scill oscope co nne cts t o a pa ralle l pr inter thro ugh the Pa rall el out put connec tor on the rear of the oscil losco pe. Y ou will need a parall el printer cable to connec t t o the p rinter .
1- 22 Getting Starte d T o ve rify basic oscillosco pe operatio n To verify basic osci lloscope ope ration 1 Connect a n oscilloscope p robe to channel 1. 2 Attach the probe to the Probe Comp output on the lower- right side of the front panel of the oscillos cope.
1- 2 3 Getting started using the oscilloscope interface When the oscilloscope is first t urned on, a startup screen is displayed as shown below. This menu is only acces sible w hen th e osc illosco pe fi rst sta rts u p.
1- 24 Getting Starte d T o ve rify basic oscillosco pe operatio n •P r e s s t h e Getting Started s oftke y to vie w t he sym bol s u sed in t he oscill oscope softkey menus. Use the Entr y kno b label ed to a djust the p aram eter . Pres s the softk ey to displ ay a pop up with a list of choice s.
1- 2 5 Using Quick Help The oscilloscope has a Quick Help system that provides use r help for each front-panel key and softkey on the oscilloscope. To view Q uick Help information : 1P r e s s and hold down t he key for which you would l ike to view help.
1- 26 Getting Starte d Select ing a languag e for Qu ick Hel p aft er you h ave be en opera ting the oscil los cop e Selecting a language for Qui ck Help after you have bee n operating the oscilloscope 1P r e s s t h e Uti lity key, the n press the Language softkey t o displa y the Language menu.
1- 2 7 Getting Started Loading an updated langu age file from floppy disk Loading a n updated language fi le from floppy disk When up dates occur , an up dated la nguage fi le can be d ownloade d from : www.agilent.com/fi nd/5462xs w for the 54620 -series or www.
1- 28.
2 Front-Panel Overvi ew.
2- 2 Front-Panel Overview Before you make measurements usin g the Agilent 54620-se ries and 54640-series Oscilloscopes, you must first set u p the instrument using front-panel controls. Then, make the measurement and read the display results. These oscilloscopes operate mu ch like an a nalog scope, but they can do much more.
2- 3 Front-Pane l Overview Important Oscillo scope Con siderations Important Oscilloscope Considerati ons Using Single versus R un/ Stop The oscillo scopes have a Single key and a Run/Sto p key . When yo u pr ess Run (key is illuminat ed in gre en), the trigger processi ng and screen update rate are opti mized over the memory depth.
2- 4 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew Important Oscillo scope Consi derations Whet her the os cillosco pe is stopped or running , you se e more d etail as y ou zoom in, a nd l ess a s you zoom out. Z oom me ans y ou expa nd th e wav efor m usi ng either the main or de layed sweep wi ndow .
2- 5 Front-Pane l Overview Important Oscillo scope Con siderations Realtim e acq uire mod e In Realti me mode , the oscil losc ope pro duces t he wavef orm displa y from sampl es collected during one trigger event.
2- 6 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew Important Oscillo scope Consi derations Delayed Sw eep Delaye d swee p is a sim ultan eous d ispl ay of the wavefo rm at tw o differ ent sw eep speed s.
2- 7 Front-Pane l Overview 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels 54620/40- series Oscilloscope F ront Panels Figure 2-1 54621A, 54622A, 54641 A, and 54642A 2-Channel Oscilloscopes Front Panel Disp.
2- 8 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-2 54624A 4-Channel Oscillo scope Fr ont Panel Display Hor izont al contr ols Trigge r contr ols Run contr ols Intens it.
2- 9 Front-Pane l Overview 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-3 54621D, 54 622D, 54641 D, an d 54642D Mix ed-Sig nal Osc illosco pes Fr ont Pane l Display Hor izont al contr ols Trigg .
2- 10 Front-Panel Operation This chapter provides a brief overview o f interpreting information on the display and an i ntroduction to ope rating the front-p anel controls. Detailed osci lloscope ope rating instructions are provided in l ater chapters.
2- 1 1 Front-Pane l Overview Interpre ting the display Interpreting the displa y The o scill oscope d ispla y con tain s cha nnel acqu isit ions, set up in forma tion, measur eme nt resu lts, and sof tkey s f or se tting up par amet ers.
2- 12 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o use analog chann els to view a signal To use analog c hanne ls to view a sig nal • To configure the oscill oscope quickly, press the Autoscale k e y t o d i s p l a y the connect signal.
2- 1 3 Front-Pane l Overview T o use dig ita l cha nne ls to view a s igna l To use digital channel s to view a si gnal • To configure the oscill oscope quickly, press the Autoscale k e y t o d i s p l a y the connect ed signals.
2- 14 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o d isplay sign als automaticall y using Autosc ale To display signa ls automatically using Autoscale • To configur e the in strument quickly , press the Autoscale key. Autosc ale d isplay s all connect ed sign als th at h ave act ivity .
2- 1 5 Front-Pane l Overview T o app ly t he def ault fa ctor y c onfi gur ati on To apply the default factory configurati on • To set the instru ment to th e factor y-default config uration, pres s the Save/Recal l key, the n press the Default Set up soft key.
2- 16 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o adjust analog ch annel vert ical scalin g and positio n To adjust analog cha nnel verti cal scali ng and position This exer cis e gu ides you thro ugh the vert ical key s, kno bs, and status li ne. 1 Center the signal on the di splay using the posi tion knob.
2- 1 7 Front-Pane l Overview T o set th e ve rtica l ex pan d refe ren ce fo r th e ana log s igna l To set the vertical ex pand refer ence for the anal og signal When cha nging the v olt s/divi sion .
2- 18 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o display and rear range the dig ital chann els To display and rearrange th e digital channels 1P r e s s t h e D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key to turn the display of the digital channels on o r off. The di gital ch annels are d ispl ayed when thes e ke y s ar e i llumi nated.
2- 1 9 Front-Pane l Overview T o operate the time base contr ols To operate the time base c ontrols The f ollowi ng e xercis e gui des y ou through t he time bas e key s, kn obs, and st atus line. • Turn the Hori zontal sweep s peed (ti me/divisi on) knob and notice the change it makes to t he status l ine.
2- 20 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o start and stop an acquisition To start and stop an acquisiti on • When the Run/Stop key is illumi nated in green, th e oscillos cope is in continuous r unning mode. Y ou are view ing mu ltiple acquisitio ns of the same signal similar t o th e way a n analo g o scillo scope display s wavefor ms.
2- 2 1 Front-Pane l Overview T o use dela yed sweep To use delayed swee p Delaye d swee p is an expande d versi on of m ain s weep. When De layed mode is selec ted, t he di splay d ivide s in ha lf and the d elayed sweep icon d isplay s in the mi ddle o f th e line at t he to p of the d ispla y .
2- 22 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o make cu rsor mea surement s To make cursor measurem ents Y o u c a n u s e t h e c u r s o r s t o m a k e c u s t o m v o l t a g e o r t i m e m e a s u r e m e n t s o n s c o p e signa ls, a nd t iming mea surem ents on di gital chann els.
2- 2 3 Front-Pane l Overview T o make auto mat ic me asur eme nts To make automatic measurem ents Y ou can use aut omatic m eas urements on an y channe l source o r any running math f unctio n.
2- 24 Fron t-Pa nel Ov ervi ew T o m odify the display grid To modify the display grid 1P r e s s t h e Display key. 2 Turn the Ent ry knob to change the i ntensit y of the displayed grid. Th e intensi ty level i s shown in the Grid softkey and is adjustabl e from 0 to 100%.
3 Trigge ri ng t he O sc illosc ope.
3- 2 Triggering the Oscilloscope The A gile nt 54 620/ 40-s er ies Os cil losc op es pr ovi de a fu ll s et of f eat ures to help automate you r measurement tasks, including MegaZoom technology to help you capt ure and examine t he store d waveforms of interest, even untriggered waveforms.
3- 3 Selecting Trigger Modes and Conditions The trigger mode affects the w ay in which t he oscilloscope searches for the trigge r. The f igure below shows t he conceptual representation of acquisition memory. Think of the trig ger event as dividi ng acquisition memory into a pre-trig ger and post-trig ger buffer.
3- 4 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o select a trigger m ode: Normal, Au to, Auto Level To select a trigg er mode : Normal, Auto, Auto Le vel 1P r e s s t h e M ode/Couplin g key. 2P r e s s t h e Mode softkey, then select Norm al , Auto , or Auto Leve l mode.
3- 5 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o select a trigger m ode: No rmal, Auto , Auto Level Normal mod e Use Normal tri gger mode for low repetit ive-r ate sign als or when Auto trigge r is not required . In thi s mode , the oscillosc ope has the sam e behavi or whet her the acqui sitio n w as in itiat ed b y pr essi ng Run/Sto p or Singl e .
3- 6 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o select tr igger C oupling To select trigge r Coupling 1P r e s s t h e M ode/Couplin g key. 2P r e s s t h e Couplin g softke y, then select DC, AC , or LF Reject coupling. • DC coupli ng al low s dc and a c si gnals int o the tri gger path.
3- 7 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o set holdo ff To set holdoff 1P r e s s t h e Mode/Cou plin g key. 2 Turn th e Entry knob to incr ease or d ecrease the t rigge r holdoff time shown in the Holdoff s oftkey. Hold off sets the amount o f ti me that the oscill osc ope waits bef ore re-ar min g the trigge r ci rcuitr y .
3- 8 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o set hold off Holdoff Oper ating Hints Holdo ff k eep s a trig ger from occu rri ng un til af ter a ce rt ain amoun t of time h as pas sed since t he last t rigger. This feature is va luable wh en a waveform cr osses the trigger level multi ple t imes d uring one per iod of the wavef orm.
3- 9 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope Externa l T rig ger Input External Trigger In put Exter nal T rigger can be used as a sour ce in sever al of t he tr igger t ype s. On 4-ch annel and mixed-s ignal oscillos copes , the external trig ger BNC input is on th e re a r p a n el a n d i s la b e le d Ext T rig .
3- 10 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope External T rigger Input 2P r e s s t h e External s oftkey to display t he external trigger p robe menu. Probe Att enuation T urn th e Ent ry knob to set the atte nuation fac tor disp laye d in the Pr obe s o f t k e y f o r t h e c o n n e c t e d p r o b e .
3- 1 1 Trigger Type s The oscilloscope allows you to synchr onize the display to the actions of the circui t under test by defining a trigger condition .
3- 12 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Edge triggeri ng To use Edge triggeri ng The Ed ge trigg er type identi fies a tr igger b y looking for a specifi ed slope and volta ge le vel on a wav eform. Y ou can d efine the t rigger source and risin g or fall ing edge in this menu.
3- 1 3 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Edge t rigger i ng Anal og so urce Press the a nalog channel s ourc e sof tkey t o sele ct an ana log so u rc e . A d ju s t t h e tr i g ge r l e ve l f or t he s e l ec t e d an a l og c h an n e l b y t ur n i n g th e T rig ger L evel kno b.
3- 14 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Pulse Width trig gering To use Pulse Wi dth trigg ering Pulse W idth (glitch) trigg ering sets the oscill o scope to trigger on a positi ve pulse or a n egati ve pulse of a speci fied width . If you w ant to tr igger o n a specif ic timeou t v alue, use Duration tr igger in the trigge r More menu.
3- 1 5 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Pul se Widt h tr igge ri ng 3 Press the pulse polar ity softkey t o sele ct posit ive ( )or negative ( ) polarit y for the pul se width you want to capt ure. The sele cted pulse pola rit y i s displa yed in t he upper-right corne r of the display .
3- 16 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Pulse Width trig gering 5 Selec t the qualifier time set softkey ( < or > ), then rotate the Entry knob to set t he pulse width qualifier t ime.
3- 1 7 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Pattern trigge ring To use Pattern trigger ing The Pattern trigg er ident ifies a t rigger condition by looki ng for a specifie d patte r n. T his patter n is a lo gical A ND combinat ion o f the chann els.
3- 18 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Pa ttern tr iggering 3 For each channel you select, press one of t he condition softkeys to s et the condit ion for that cha nnel in the p attern. • H se ts th e pat tern t o hig h on the sele cted chann el.
3- 1 9 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use CAN triggering To use CAN trigge ring Contro ller Ar ea Net work (CAN) tri gger w ill tr igger on CAN v ersio n 2.0A and 2 . 0 B s i g n a l s . S e t u p c o n s i s t s o f c o n n e c t i n g t h e o s c i l l o s c o p e t o a C A N s i g n a l .
3- 20 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use CAN triggeri ng 2P r e s s t h e Baud softke y to set th e CAN signal baud r ate. The CAN bau d ra te can be se t t o: The de fault b aud rate is 1 M b/s 3P r e s s t h e T rigger : soft key to se lect the t rigger conditi on.
3- 2 1 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Duration triggering To use Duration trigger ing Durat ion t rigg er l ets you define a pa tter n, t hen t rigg er on a s pecif ied time durat ion of this l ogical AN D comb ination of th e cha nnel s.
3- 22 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o u se Duratio n triggerin g 3 For eac h channel you sel ect, press the logic l evel s oftkey to se t the condition for tha t channel in t he pattern . • H se ts th e pat tern t o hig h on the sele cted chann el.
3- 2 3 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Duration triggering 5 Selec t a qualifier time set soft key ( < or > ), then rotate the Entry knob to set the du ration qualifier time.
3- 24 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use I2C triggerin g To use I 2 C trigg erin g An I 2 C (Inter -IC bus ) trigg er setup consi sts o f conn ecti ng the osci llosc ope t o the se rial d ata .
3- 2 5 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use I2C triggering 3 Connect a n oscillos cope channel t o the SDA (seri al data ) line in t he circuit under test, then set the SDA data channel softkey to that channel .
3- 26 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use I2C triggerin g EEPROM Data Read : the trigger looks fo r EEPROM con trol byte value 1010xxx o n t h e S D A l i n e , f o l l o w e d b y a R e a d b i t a n d a n A c k b i t . I t t h e n l o o k s f o r t h e d a t a val ue an d qua lifier set by t he Data s oftkey and th e Data is softke y .
3- 2 7 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use I2C triggering 10-bit Write : t h e o sc i l l o s c o p e t r i gg e r s o n a 1 0 -b i t w r i t e f r a m e o n t h e 2 6 t h c l o c k edge if al l bits in the patter n ma tch.
3- 28 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use I2C triggerin g 6 If you have set the oscilloscope to trigger on a 7-bit address read or write frame condit ion or a 10-bit wri te frame condition: a Press the Address sof tkey and turn th e En try kn ob to selec t the 7-bi t or 10-bit devi ce ad dress .
3- 2 9 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Se quence trig gerin g To use Sequence tri ggeri ng Sequen ce trigge r allows you to trigger the oscillosco pe aft er finding a seque nce of e vents . De fin ing a sequ ence tr igger requi res three steps: a Define an e vent to find be fore you se arch for the trigger .
3- 30 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Sequence trig gering •P r e s s t h e Mo re ke y in the Trigger sec tion of the front pa nel, rotate the Entry knob until Sequence is displ ayed in the T rigger softkey, then press the Se ttings softkey to displ ay Sequen ce trigger me nu.
3- 3 1 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Se quence trig gerin g Define the F ind: stage 1P r e s s t h e Stage s oftkey a nd select Find : . Find: is t he fi rst s tage in t he tr igger seq uence .
3- 32 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Sequence trig gering 5 If you select an edge term, o ne channel must be set to a rising edge or a falli ng edge. All other channel edges wil l be set to don’t care (X). a Press the Chan nel softkey (or rota te the Ent ry knob on mixed-si gnal oscilloscop es) to sele ct the ch annel.
3- 3 3 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use Se quence trig gerin g 5 If you select an edge term, o ne channel must be set to a rising edge or a falli ng edge. All other channel edges wil l be set to don’t care (X). a Press the Channel softk ey (or rota te the Ent ry knob on mixed-si gnal oscilloscopes) to select t he channel .
3- 34 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use Sequence trig gering 2P r e s s t h e Reset: softkey and select a t erm to reset on. 3P r e s s t h e Te r m softkey and s elect the pattern , edge, or timeou t term displaye d in the Reset: softkey. 4 If you select No Rese t , no reset st age will be defined.
3- 3 5 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use SPI triggering To use SPI triggering Seria l Pro toco l Int erface (SPI) tri gger setup consi sts of c onnect ing th e o s c i l l o s c o p e t o a cl o c k , d a t a , a n d f r a m i n g s i g n a l .
3- 36 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use SPI triggering Set up th e numbe r of bits in th e seri al data st ring and se t values for th ose d ata bi ts 1 Turn th e Entry knob to s et the number of bi ts ( #Bits ) in the seria l data string. The number of bits in the string can be set anywhere from 4 bits to 32 bits.
3- 3 7 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use SPI triggering Assign source channels to the clock, data, and frame signals 1P r e s s t h e Signal s soft key to acc ess SPI trigger sett ings for cl ock source and slope, da ta source, and frame type and sourc e.
3- 38 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use SPI triggering 3 Press the slope softk ey ( ) to sele ct ri sing edge o r falli ng edge for the selec ted Clock source. This dete rmine s wh ich clock ed ge t he o scillo scope wil l us e to latc h the seri al data.
3- 3 9 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use SPI triggering 5P r e s s t h e Frame b y softke y to sele ct a fram ing sign al th at th e o sci llosc ope wi l l u s e f o r d e t e r m i n in g wh i c h c l o c k e d g e i s t h e f i rs t c l o c k e d g e i n t h e serial stream.
3- 40 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use T V trigge ring To use TV trigger ing TV triggering is used to capture the complicated waveforms of television (TV) eq u ip m e nt .
3- 4 1 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use TV triggering 3 Press the sync polarity s oftkey to s et the TV trigger t o either posi tive ( ) or negative ( ) sync polarit y.
3- 42 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use T V trigge ring 6 If you select a line mode when usi ng standar ds NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, or SECAM, press the Line # softkey, th en rotate the Ent ry knob to s elect the line number on w hich you want to t rigger.
3- 4 3 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use TV triggering Examp le exer cises The f ollow ing a re e xercises to familia rize yo u wit h TV trig geri ng. To trig ger o n a speci fic line of vide o TV tr iggerin g requ ires g reater tha n 1/2 divisio n of sync a mplitu de with any analog channel as the tr igger so urce.
3- 44 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use T V trigge ring Trig gering on L ine 7 1 Line Numbe rs per Field for Ea ch TV Standar d TV Stan dard Field 1 Fiel d 2 Alt Fld NTSC 1 to 263 1 to 2 62 1.
3- 4 5 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use TV triggering To trigger on all TV line sync pulses T o quickly find maxi mum vi deo le v els, you could trigger on all TV line syn c p u l s e s .
3- 46 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use T V trigge ring To tr igger on a sp ecif ic f ield of the vide o sign al T o e x a m i n e t h e c o m p o n e n t s o f a v i d e o s i g n a l , t r i g g e r o n e i t h e r F i e l d 1 o r F i e l d 2.
3- 4 7 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use TV triggering To trig ger o n all fie lds of t he vide o signa l T o quickly and easily view tr ansit ions betwee n fields , or t o f ind t he amplit ude d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e f i e l d s , u s e t h e A l l F i e l d s t r i g g e r m o d e .
3- 48 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use T V trigge ring To trig ger o n o dd or e ven fi elds To c h e c k t h e e n v e l o p e o f y o u r v i d e o s i g n a l s , o r t o m e a s u r e w o r s t c a s e d i s t o r t i o n , trigg er on the odd or even field s.
3- 4 9 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use TV triggering If a more detai led analy sis is r equi red, then only one c olor fiel d shou ld b e selec ted t o be the t rigge r . Y ou can d o th is by using the trigg er Holdoff softk ey in t he tr igger Mode/Cou pling menu.
3- 50 T r igge rin g the O scill os cope T o use USB triggering To use USB triggering U S B t r i g g e r w i l l t r i g g e r o n a S t a r t o f P a c k e t ( S O P ) , E n d o f P a c k e t ( E O P ) s i g n a l , Reset Co mplete (RC), Enter Sus pend (Sus pend), o r Exit S uspend (Exit Sus) on t he differe ntial USB data l ines (D+ and D-).
3- 5 1 T ri gge rin g the O scill osc ope T o use USB triggering 3P r e s s t h e D+ and D– softkeys to select t he channel connected to the USB signal D+ and D– l ines.
3- 52 The Trig ger Out conne ctor The oscilloscope sends a pulse to the Trigger Out BNC connector on the rear panel of the oscillo scope when a trigger event occurs. This pulse is typically used to trig ger other test equipment. The Trig Out is a 0 to 5 V signal designe d to drive a 50 Ω load.
4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscillos cope Operation.
4- 2 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation This chapter give s an overview of some oscill oscope concepts that will help you m ake better me asurements.
4- 3 MegaZoom Concepts MegaZoom technology com bines the advant ages of conventio nal deep-memo ry digital oscilloscopes with the responsiveness and update rate of traditional analog oscil loscopes.
4- 4 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Deep Memory Deep Me mory The pr imar y a dva ntage of a dee p-mem ory oscill osc ope is sus taine d s ample rat e, allowi ng y ou t o cap ture at th e m axim um sa mple rate an d sti ll c apture a lo ng time win dow .
4- 5 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Oscilloscope Re sponsiveness Oscilloscope Respons iveness An i mpor tant e lem ent of an oscil losc ope is h ow resp onsive it is t o con trol c h a n g e s .
4- 6 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Display Update Rate Displ ay Upda te R ate I n a n a l o g o s c i l l o s c o p e s , t h e o s c i l l o s c o p e i s b l i n d w h i l e t h e e l e c t r o n b e a m i s r e s e t to th e left side of the scr een.
4- 7 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o setup the Analog channels To setup the Analog chan nels 1P r e s s t h e 1 key in the Vertical s ection (Analog s ection on mixed-s ignal oscill oscopes) of t he front panel to displa y the chan nel 1 menu.
4- 8 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o setup the Analog chann els Vertical sensitivity T urn the l arge kn ob ab ove the ch anne l key t o s et th e sensi tivit y (volt s/div ision ) for the channe l.
4- 9 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o setup the Analog channels 3P r e s s t h e Imped (imped ance) softke y The 54620-ser ies o scillosc ope analog channel input impedance i s al way s 1 M Ω .
4- 10 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o setup the Analog chann els 7P r e s s t h e Probe sof tkey to dis play the channel pr obe menu. This me nu allows you to sele ct addit ional pro be parame ters suc h as attenua tion fact or an d uni ts of m easur ement f or the c onnect ed probe.
4- 1 1 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o se tup the Horizontal t ime base To setup the Horizontal time base 1P r e s s t h e Main/Delaye d key in the Hor izontal sect ion of the f ront panel.
4- 12 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o se tup the Horizontal t ime base 4P r e s s t h e Ve r n i e r softkey to tur n on the time ba se vernier. The Ver n i e r softkey allows you to c hange the sw eep s peed in small er i ncreme nts with the tim e/di visi on k nob.
4- 1 3 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o se tup the Horizontal t ime base 6 Turn th e delay knob ( ) and notic e that i ts value i s displaye d in the status l ine. Changin g the delay time moves t he sw eep hor izonta lly a nd in dicate s how f ar the tri gger point ( ▼ ) is fr om t he t ime r ef eren ce p oint ( ∇ ).
4- 14 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o se tup the Horizontal t ime base Delayed mode Delaye d swee p is an expande d versi on of m ain s weep. When De layed mode is selec ted, t he di splay d ivide s in ha lf and the d elayed sweep icon d isplay s in the mi ddle o f th e line at t he to p of the d ispla y .
4- 1 5 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o se tup the Horizontal t ime base T o change the s weep sp eed for the delay ed sweep wi ndow , tu rn the s weep s peed knob. As y ou tur n the knob , th e sw eep sp eed is h ighlig hted in the sta tus line above the wavefor m display are a.
4- 16 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o se tup the Horizontal t ime base Roll mo de Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from righ t to left. It onl y op erate s on time base s etti ngs of 500 ms/div and slo wer .
4- 1 7 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Acquisition Mode s Acquisition Modes Remem ber how whe n usi ng your analo g os cillo scop e you ha d to con stan tly adju st the brightn e.
4- 18 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Acquisition Mod es Normal Mo de For the majo rity of use models and sign als, Nor mal acquisit ion mode yields the best oscilloscope picture of the waveform.
4- 1 9 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Acquisition Mode s Average Mod e A vera ging let s y ou a verag e m ultip le t rigg ers toge ther t o red uce n ois e and increa se resolu tion. A veraging of multiple triggers requir es a stabl e trigger .
4- 20 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Acquisition Mod es If you c ann ot acq uire multiple trigger s, you c an still reduce noise and incr ease reso lutio n at s low er s weep spe eds by setting # Avgs t o 1 .
4- 2 1 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Display modes Display modes •P r e s s t h e Display key to vie w the Display menu . Infini te Pers isten ce Infi nite p ersi stence ( Persist sof tkey) updates the di splay with new acquis iti ons bu t d oes not e rase previous a cquis itions.
4- 22 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Display modes Vecto rs On /Of f The 5462 0/40-series oscillosco pes have been des igned from the gr ound up to operat e in V ector s On mo de . This mode give s the most reali stic wav eform s in most eve ry sit uati on.
4- 2 3 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Pan and Zoom Pan and Zoom The abil ity to pan (m ove hor izon tally ) an d z oom (e xpan d o r co mpres s hori zonta lly) an acq uire d wa vefor m is im portant be cause of t he a dditio nal insi ght it can rev eal abou t t he cap tur ed wa vefo rm.
4- 24 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o pan and zoom a wavefo rm To pan and zoom a waveform 1P r e s s t h e Run/Sto p ke y to sto p acquisiti ons. The Run/Stop key is illumina ted red when the oscillosco pe is stopped. 2 Turn th e sweep speed knob t o zoom horiz ontally and turn the volts/d i vision knob to zoom verti cally.
4- 2 5 Run/Stop/Single/Infinit e Persistence Operation During an acqui sition, the oscill oscope examines the input voltage at each input probe. • For analog channels, the input vol tage is determined by the vertical volts/division settings.
4- 26 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Acquiring Data Acquiring D ata The oscillos cope operat es like an ana log oscillos cope, but it can do much more. Spen ding a few minutes to learn some of thi s capa bilit y will take you a long way towar d mor e produ ctiv e tro ublesh ootin g.
4- 2 7 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Memory Depth/R ecord Len gth Memory Depth/Record Leng th Run/Stop versus Single When the o scillo scop e is runnin g, the tri gger proces sing or upda te ra te is optim ized ove r me mory dep th.
4- 28 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o run a nd stop a n acquisitio n To run and stop an acquisition • To begin an ac quisitio n, press Run/Stop (key is illuminated g reen when running). The i nstru ment be gins acquir ing d ata while search ing for a trigger con ditio n.
4- 2 9 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o capture a single event To capture a si ngle event T o capture a sin gle event , you need s ome pr eviou s know ledg e of the signal t o s e t u p t h e t r i g g e r l e v e l a n d s l o p e .
4- 30 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o use infin ite pe rsistence To use infinite per sistence Wi th inf inite persi sten ce, the oscill oscope upda tes the displ ay wi th new acquis itions, but does not eras e the results of p revi ous acquisit ions.
4- 3 1 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o clear the waveform display To clear the wave form displa y •P r e s s t h e Display key, then pr ess the Cl ear Dis play softkey. Acqu isitio n mem ory a nd th e cur rent displa y ar e immed iatel y era sed.
4- 32 Configuring the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope This section de scribes how to conf igure the foll owing items fo r the Mixed-Si gnal Oscilloscope, including chan ging the logic t hreshold for input signals.
4- 3 3 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Interpret ing the dig ital wave form displa y Interpreting the dig ital waveform display The fo llo wing figu re sho ws a typi cal dis play with digita l ch annel s.
4- 34 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o display and rear range the dig ital chann els To display and rear range the digi tal channels 1P r e s s t h e D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key to turn the display of the digital channels on o r off.
4- 3 5 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o turn i ndi vidu al ch anne ls on and o ff To turn individual channels on and off Indi vidu al ch anne ls wit hin the p od gr oup can b e tu rned on or off. 1P r e s s t h e D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thr u D0 key.
4- 36 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o f orce al l cha nnel s on or all cha nne ls o ff To force all cha nnels on or all cha nnels off 1P r e s s t h e D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thr u D0 key. 2P r e s s t h e Tu r n o n (or Tu r n o f f ) sof tkey.
4- 3 7 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o change the logic thre shold for digital channels To change the log ic threshold for digital channels 1P r e s s t h e D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thr u D0 key. 2P r e s s t h e Threshol d softk ey, then sele ct a logic family prese t or select User to define your own thr eshold.
4- 38 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Using Digi tal Ch ann els to Probe Ci rcui ts Using Digital C hannels to Probe Circuits Y ou may encounte r proble ms whe n using the mixed-s ignal oscillo scope that are relat ed to p robi ng. T hese prob lems f all in to t wo cat ego ries: pro be loa ding and prob e grou nding .
4- 3 9 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Using Digita l Channels t o Probe Circuits High-F requ ency P robe Equ ival ent Ci rcui t The im ped ance plots for th e two mod els are shown in th ese fi gure s.
4- 40 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Using Digi tal Ch ann els to Probe Ci rcui ts Probe Grounding A probe gro und i s the l ow-im pedan ce pa th fo r curr ent t o retu rn to the s ource from the probe .
4- 4 1 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Using Digita l Channels t o Probe Circuits In ad ditio n t o the common mode volta ge, l onger groun d ret urns also degr ade the pulse fidel ity of the probe sy stem.
4- 42 Using Labels on the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope The Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes allow you to define and assig n labels to each input channel, or you can tur n labels off to increase the waveform display area.
4- 4 3 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o turn th e label display on or off To turn the label displ ay on or off 1P r e s s t h e Label key in the Dig ital section of t he front pan el. This turns on display lab els for the analog and dig ital channe ls.
4- 44 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o assign a predefin ed label to a channel To assign a prede fined label to a channel 1P r e s s t h e Label key. 2P r e s s t h e Chan nel softkey, then turn the Entry knob or successive ly press the softk ey to sel ect a ch ann el fo r labe l ass ign men t.
4- 4 5 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o define a new label To define a new l abel 1P r e s s t h e Label key. 2P r e s s t h e Chan nel softkey, then turn the Entry knob or successive ly press the softk ey to sel ect a ch ann el fo r labe l ass ign men t.
4- 46 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o define a new label Label List Ma nagemen t When y ou press the Lib rary softkey, you will see a li st of the last 75 l abels used. The list d oes not sa ve duplic ate lab els. La bels can e nd in any numb er of trai ling digits.
4- 4 7 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o reset th e label library to the f actory defau lt To reset the label libra ry to the factor y default 1P r e s s t h e Uti lity key, the n press the Options softkey.
4- 48 Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups You can save your current setup and waveform trace to the fl oppy disk or to internal m emory, then r ecall the setup, wavefo rm trace, or both later.
4- 4 9 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o Autosave trac es and setups To Autosave traces and setups 1 Connect a signal to the oscillosc ope and obtai n a stab le display . 2 Inser t a disk in the oscill oscope floppy disk drive.
4- 50 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o save tr aces and setups to inte rnal memory or to overwr ite an existing floppy disk file To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite a n existing floppy disk file 1P r e s s t h e Save softkey to di splay the Sav e menu.
4- 5 1 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on T o save trace s and se tups to a new f ile on th e floppy disk To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk 1 To crea te a new file name, press the New File softkey. If y ou do n ot w ant to over writ e an e xistin g fi le, us e this menu to e nter a new file na me.
4- 52 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on T o recall traces a nd setup s To recall tra ces and setups 1P r e s s t h e Save/Reca ll k ey to displa y the Save /Recall menu. 2P r e s s t h e Recall softkey to displ ay the Recall menu. 3P r e s s t h e Recall softkey and sel ect the ty pe of informat ion to reca ll.
4- 5 3 Meg aZoo m Co ncep ts a nd Osci llosc ope Ope rati on Saving (printin g) screen images t o floppy disk Saving (pr inting) scree n images to floppy disk 1P r e s s t h e Save/R ecall key t o display th e Save/Rec all menu. 2P r e s s t h e Formats soft key to di splay the Fo rmats menu.
4- 54 MegaZo om Con cepts a nd Osci lloscope Operati on Recalling th e factory default se tup Recalling the fac tory default setup 1P r e s s t h e Save/Reca ll k ey to displa y the Save /Recall menu.
5 Making Mea suremen ts.
5- 2 Making Measurements By now you are familiar with the Vertical/Analog, Horizo ntal, and Trigger groups of the front-panel keys. You should also know how to determine the setup of the o scilloscope by looking at the s tatus line at the top of the display.
5- 3 Capturing Data In the oscilloscope, an 8-bit A/D converter converts the input wavef o rm into an ev enly-spaced serie s of vol tage readings. These re adings are ma d e o nc e f o r e a ch c h an n e l , an d a r e s t or e d i n to m e m o r y a s a n a rr a y o f voltages with impl icit times.
5- 4 Making Measu rements T o use delayed sweep To use delayed swee p Y ou c a n u s e t h e d el a y e d s w ee p w i nd o w to l o ca t e a nd h o ri z o nt a l ly e x pa n d pa r t of th e main sweep for a more detail ed (hig h-re solut ion) an aly sis of s ignal s.
5- 5 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o use dela yed sweep Delaye d swee p is an expande d versi on of m ain s weep. When De layed mode is selec ted, t he di splay d ivide s in ha lf and the d elayed sweep icon d isplay s in the mi ddle o f th e line at t he to p of the d ispla y .
5- 6 Making Measu rements T o reduce the rand om noise on a signa l To reduc e the random noise on a signal If the signal you are applyi ng to t he o scillos cope is noisy , y ou can se t up th e osci llos cope to reduce the noi se on the display ed wavef orm.
5- 7 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o redu ce the rand om noise on a sign al Low-freq uency reject (LF reject) adds a h igh-pas s filter with the 3-dB p oint at 50 kHz. Use LF reject to remove low-frequenc y signals, such as power line noise, from th e tr igger pa th.
5- 8 Making Measu rements T o reduce the rand om noise on a signa l 3 Use aver aging to re duce noise on the displ ayed waveform. •P r e s s t h e Acquire key, th en pre ss t he A veraging s oftkey . Aver aging lets you a verag e multipl e tr iggers together to re duce noise and incr ease resolu tion.
5- 9 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o redu ce the rand om noise on a sign al Smoothi ng (# Avg s=1) or High -resolut ion mode The te rm sm oothing is an overs ampling techni que used wh en t he dig itizer sampl ing rate is fa ster t han the r ate a t tha t sa mples a re bei ng stored i nto acquisition memory .
5- 10 Making Measu rements T o capture glitche s or narrow pulses wi th peak detect an d infinite persiste nce To capture gl itches or narrow pulses with peak de tect and infinite persis tence A glit ch is a rap id cha nge in the wavefor m that is usu ally narrow as co mpare d to t he wa veform .
5- 1 1 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o captur e glitche s or na rrow pul ses w ith peak detect a nd infin ite pers istence 3P r e s s t h e Display key then pre ss the ∞ Pe rsi st (i nfini te persist ence) softkey.
5- 12 Making Measu rements T o use the Roll horiz ontal mode To use the Roll horizontal m ode •P r e s s t h e Ma in/Del ayed key, then pre ss the Roll soft key. Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from righ t to left. It onl y op erate s on time base s etti ngs of 500 ms/div and slo wer .
5- 1 3 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o use the XY ho rizo ntal m ode To use the XY horizontal mode The XY h orizo ntal mode co nverts the osci llos cope from a vo lt s-ver sus-t ime displa y to a vo lts-v er sus-v olts disp lay u sing two input chan nels .
5- 14 Making Measu rements T o use the XY horizo ntal mode Sign al ce ntere d on the disp lay 4P r e s s t h e Cursor s key. 5 Set the Y2 c ursor to the top of the signal, a nd set Y1 to the botto m of the signa l. Note the ∆ Y value at the bottom of th e dis play .
5- 1 5 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o use the XY ho rizo ntal m ode 6 Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the inters ection of the signa l and th e Y axis. Again, note the ∆ Y value. Curso rs set to cen ter of signa l 7 Calculate the phase difference usi ng the formul a below.
5- 16 Making Measu rements T o use the XY horizo ntal mode Sign als are 90 out of phas e Sign als are in pha se.
5- 1 7 Math Functions The Math menu allows you to display math functions on analog channels. You can: • subtract (–) or multiply (*) the signals acqui red on analog channels 1 and 2, then displ ay the result.
5- 18 Making Measu rements Math Scal e and Offse t Math Scale and O ffset Any math function may be manually scal ed by pressi ng the Settings s o f t k e y, a n d then adju sting the Scale or Offset v alue .
5- 1 9 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Multiply Multip ly When yo u sele ct 1* 2 , channel 1 and chann el 2 vo ltage values are multip lied point by po int, and the res ult i s disp laye d. 1 * 2 is us eful for seei ng p ower rel ation ships when one of the chann els i s pro port ional to t he cu rrent .
5- 20 Making Measu rements Subtr act Subtract When you s elect 1 – 2 , ch annel 2 volta ge va lues are s ubtr acted fr om c hanne l 1 volta ge va lues p oint by point, an d the resul t is disp layed. Y ou can use 1 – 2 to m ake a diffe rential measure ment or to compa re tw o wavefo rms.
5- 2 1 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Differentiate Differentiate d/dt (dif fere n tiat e) calcu lates the discret e time derivat ive of the selecte d source.
5- 22 Making Measu rements Differentiate The f igure below show s an exampl e of d iffer entia te. Differen tiate Channe l 1 d/dt wavef orm d/dt Scale Return to previ ous me nu d/dt Offset Sourc e sel.
5- 2 3 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Integr ate Inte gra te ∫ dt (int egrat e) calc ulate s th e integ ral o f th e sel ected s ourc e. Y ou c an use integr ate t o calcula te t he energy of a pulse in volt-seconds o r m easure the area under a wavefor m.
5- 24 Making Measu rements Integrate T h e i n t e g r a t e c a l c u l a t i o n i s r e l a t i v e t o t h e s o u r c e s i g n a l ’s o f f s e t .
5- 2 5 Maki ng Meas urem en ts FF T Me asu reme nt FFT Measurement F FT i s u s e d t o c o m p u t e t h e f a s t F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m u s i n g a n a l o g i n p u t c h a n n e l s or ma th funct ion s 1 + 2 , 1 – 2, or 1 * 2.
5- 26 Making Measu rements FF T Measuremen t The followin g figure illustrat es aliasing . Thi s is the s pectru m of a 1 kHz square wave, which has many harmon ics. The sample rate is set to 200 kSa/s, and the osci llos cope disp lay s t he s pect rum.
5- 2 7 Maki ng Meas urem en ts FF T Me asu reme nt FFT Operat ion 1P r e s s t h e Ma th key, press the FF T softkey, then press the S ettings softkey to display t he FFT menu. Sourc e se lects the so urce for th e FFT . The s ourc e can be an y an alog c hanne l, or math fu nctions 1 + 2, 1 – 2 , and 1 * 2.
5- 28 Making Measu rements FF T Measuremen t 2 Press the More FFT soft key to di splay addit ional FFT set tings. Scal e all ows y ou to set your ow n ver tica l scal e f actor s for FF T expr esse d in dB/div (de cibe ls/di visio n). Pre ss t he Sca le so ftkey , then turn the Entr y kno b to re scale you r ma th funct ion.
5- 2 9 Maki ng Meas urem en ts FF T Me asu reme nt 4 To make oth er measuremen ts, pres s the Qu ick Meas key and s et the Sourc e softkey to Mat h . Y ou can make peak-to-peak, maximum, minimum, and av erage dB measur eme nts on the FF T wavefo rm.
5- 30 Making Measu rements FF T Measuremen t FFT Mea sur emen t Hints - Con tinue d While t he FFT sp ectrum is disp layed, u se the Math an d Cur sors keys to switch between measurem ent functi ons and freq uency domai n control s in FFT menu.
5- 3 1 Cursor Measurements You can measure waveform data using cursors. Cursors are horizontal and vertical m arkers that indicate X-axis values (usually time) and Y-axis values (usually voltage) on a selected waveform source. The position o f the cur sors can b e m oved turning the Entry kno b.
5- 32 Making Measu rements T o make cu rsor mea surement s To make cursor measurem ents The fo llow ing ste ps g uide y ou th rough the fro nt-pan el Cursor s key . Y ou can use the cu rsors to ma ke c ustom volta ge or time measur ements on the s ignal .
5- 3 3 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o make cursor measure ments 3P r e s s t h e Source softkey to selec t the analog channel or math source on which the Y cur sors will indicate meas urements. The source in Norm al cu rsor mode can be a ny analog chann el or math source.
5- 34 Making Measu rements T o make cu rsor mea surement s X1 X2 Press this s oftkey to adju st th e X1 a nd X2 cur sors toge ther by tur ning the En try knob . The ∆ X va lue will rem ain the same sin ce th e cu rsor s adj us t togeth er . Y ou ca n ad just t he X c urso rs to gether to check for pulse width vari ations i n a puls e train .
5- 3 5 Maki ng Meas urem en ts T o make cursor measure ments Curso rs me asure freq uenc y of p ulse rin ging Expand the displ ay wit h delay ed swe ep, then characterize the e vent of interest with t he cu rsor s.
5- 36 Making Measu rements T o make cu rsor mea surement s Put th e X1 curs or on o ne si de of a pul se and the X2 cur sor on the ot he r side of the pul se. Meas uring pulse width wit h cu rsors Press the X1 X2 softk ey and move the cursors to geth er to check for pulse wid th varia tions in a pulse train.
5- 3 7 Automatic Measurements The following automatic measuremen ts can be made in the Qu ick Meas menu. Time Measurements •C o u n t e r •D u t y C y c l e •F r e q u e n c y •P e r i o d •.
5- 38 Making Measu rements Maki ng au tom ati c me asur eme nts Making automatic measurements Quick Me as makes au tomat ic m easur eme nts o n any cha nnel so urce or a ny runn ing math funct ion.
5- 3 9 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Making ti me measur ements auto maticall y Making time measure ments automatica lly The fo llo wing figu re sho ws t ime m eas urem ent po ints . FFT meas urements When you make a n X at Max or X at Min mea sure men t on a mat h FF T fu ncti on, t he result ant uni ts wi ll be i n Hert z.
5- 40 Making Measu rements Maki ng t ime measu rem ent s au tom atica lly Measureme nt defini tions Counte r The Counter measur ement counts trigger level cross ings at the selected tr igger slop e and displ ay s t he r esult s in Hz.
5- 4 1 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Making ti me measur ements auto maticall y Fall T ime T h e f a l l t i m e o f a s i g n a l i s t h e t i m e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e c r o s s i n g o f t h e u p p e r threshol d and the cros sing of the lower th resh old for a ne gativ e-goin g edge .
5- 42 Making Measu rements Maki ng t ime measu rem ent s au tom atica lly X at Min X at Min i s the X axis val ue (usu ally time) at the first disp laye d occur rence of the waveform Minimu m, start ing from the lef t-sid e of the display . For per iodic sig nals, the p ositi on of the minimum may v ary throug hout the w avefo rm.
5- 4 3 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Makin g Dela y and Ph ase Me asur emen ts Making Delay a nd Phase Measureme nts Delay Dela y me asu res t he t ime dif feren ce from the selec ted edge on sourc e 1 and the sele cted edge on sourc e 2 closes t to the trigg er refer ence point at the 50% points on t he wav eform s.
5- 44 Making Measu rements Making Del ay and Phas e Measurem ents Phase Phas e is t he c alcul ated phas e shi ft fro m so urce 1 t o sou rce 2 , ex pres sed in degree s. Nega tive phase shi ft valu es i ndic ate tha t the risin g e dge of sou rce 1 occu rred af ter the r ising edge of so urce 2.
5- 4 5 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Making volta ge measu rements aut omatically Making voltage me asurements automatically Measu rement uni ts for each inpu t cha nnel ca n b e set to V ol ts or Amps usi ng the channel Probe U nits s o f t k e y.
5- 46 Making Measu rements Maki ng vo lta ge m easu reme nts au tomat ica lly Measure ment d efiniti ons Ampl itu de The Amplitud e of a waveform is the di fference be tween its T op an d Base valu es. The Y curs ors show t he va lues being mea sure d.
5- 4 7 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Making volta ge measu rements aut omatically RMS R M S (d c ) is th e ro o t - m e a n - s q u a r e va l u e of th e w a v e f o r m ov e r o n e or m o r e fu l l periods . If l ess than on e period is disp laye d, R MS (dc) averag e is calculated on the full w idth of the display .
5- 48 Making Measu rements Maki ng ov ersh oot and pr esho ot m easu rem ent s Making overshoot and preshoot measur ements Measure ment d efiniti ons Pres hoot Presho ot i s di stort ion t hat prece des a majo r edg e transit ion e xpress ed as a percen tage of A mplit ude.
5- 4 9 Maki ng Meas urem en ts Making over shoot and preshoot measurement s Over shoo t Over shoot is d istor tio n that foll ows a ma jor edge t rans itio n exp resse d a s a perc entag e of Ampli tude. The X cur sors show whic h edg e is being mea sured (edg e closes t to the trigge r re feren ce poin t).
5- 50.
6 Utilitie s.
6- 2 Utilities The Utility m enu allows you to: • select othe r languages for viewing Quick Help • set up the oscill oscope printer interface • load and dele te floppy d isk file s • set u p t.
6- 3 Utiliti es T o conf igu re Qu ick Help langu age s To configure Qui ck Help lang uages Y ou ca n choos e to displa y Quic k Hel p in any of 11 languages. 1P r e s s t h e Uti lity key, the n press the Language softkey t o displa y the Language menu.
6- 4 Utiliti es T o configure Quic k Help languag es Loading an upda ted la nguage file fr om flop py disk When upda tes o ccur , an upd ated langua ge f ile can be d ownl oaded from : www.agilent.com/fi nd/5462xs w for the 54620 -series or www.agilent.
6- 5 Utiliti es T o update yo ur instrume nt to the latest ap plication so ftware To update your instrument to the latest application software When update s to the inst rument ap plicati on s oftw are oc cur , an updat ed appli catio n sof twar e file ca n be downl oad ed fr om: www.
6- 6 Utiliti es T o configure a printer To configure a printer U s e t h e p r i n t e r c o n f i g u r a t i o n m e n u t o s e t u p y o u r p r i n t e r i n t e r f a c e a n d p r i n t e r f o r m a t t y p e . Y o u c a n a l s o t u r n s c a l e f a c t o r s , g r a y s c a l e , a n d f o r m f e e d o n a n d o f f .
6- 7 Utiliti es T o configure a printer CSV len gt h The Length softke y se ts th e number of X Y wav eform pair valu es tha t wi ll be output to the CSV (comma-s eparated vari able) file. Length can be set to 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 waveform pairs by turning the Entry knob.
6- 8 Utiliti es T o use the floppy disk To use the floppy disk The Floppy me nu al lows you to load or d elet e fil es f rom the f loppy dis k. 1P r e s s t h e File: softkey or turn the E ntry knob to select a file on the floppy disk. 2 To load a file int o the oscil loscope press the Load File softkey.
6- 9 Utiliti es T o set up the I /O port to us e a c ontrolle r To set up the I/O port to use a controller Use th e I/O menu t o make settings i f you have a cont rol ler c onnect ed to the oscilloscope. 1P r e s s t h e C ontroller softkey t o set the cont roller i nterface t o RS-232 or GPIB.
6- 10 Utiliti es T o se t up the I /O p ort to u se a con trol ler RS-232 Co nnections The si gnals f or th e 9- pin RS -232 por t on the oscillos cope is liste d bel ow . Pin out of oscillo scope RS-232 p ort lookin g into DB9 male conn ecto r The follow figure shows th e pin out of the recomme nded Agi lent 34398A R S-232 cable.
6- 1 1 Utiliti es T o set the clock To set the clock The Clo ck me nu allo ws yo u to se t the c urrent date and time of day (2 4-hour format ). T his t ime/da te st amp wil l appear on hard copy print s an d dir ector y infor matio n o n the flop py d isk.
6- 12 Utiliti es T o set up the screen save r To set up the screen saver Th e os c i ll o s co p e c an b e c o n f ig u r e d t o tu r n on a d is p l a y s c re e n sa v e r w h e n th e osci llosc ope h as been idle f or a spe cifie d leng t h of time.
6- 1 3 Utiliti es T o set up the screen saver 3 Turn the Entry knob to sele ct the number of minutes to wait before the selected screen saver activ ates. When you tu rn th e Entr y kno b, the num ber of minutes is display ed in the Svr T ime softkey .
6- 14 Utiliti es T o perform service functio ns To perform serv ice func tions The Se rvic e me nu all ows y ou to : • perfo rm U ser Cal on th e osc il losco pe • view User Cal statu s • perfo .
6- 1 5 Utiliti es T o perform ser vice functio ns User Cal Status Pressi ng th e User Cal S tatus softk ey dis play s the fo llowi ng su mmary r esul ts of the pr eviou s Use r Cal.
6- 16 Utiliti es T o set other options To set other options The opt ions men u conta ins two additional softkey s to help configur e the oscilloscope. Expand sof tkey When you change a cha nnel’ s v.
7 Perform ance Charact eristi cs.
7- 2 Performance Characteristic s This chapter li sts the perfor mance characteristi cs for the Agile nt 5462 0-se ries and 546 40-s erie s os cillo scope s.
7- 3 Agilent 5 4620-series Perf ormance Character istics * Denot es War ranted Specific ations, all ot hers are typi cal. Spec ifica tions ar e valid after a 3 0-minu te war m-up peri od and ±10 ° C fr om fi rmware cali brati on te mperat ure .
7- 4 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54620-serie s Performance Characteristics Vertic al System : Anal og Chan nels Analo g channel s 54621A/21D , 54622A/2 2D: Ch1 and 2 simult aneou s acqui.
7- 5 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics Vertic al System : Anal og Chan nels ( continued ) ESD T olera nce ±2 kV Nois e Peak -to- Peak 2% full scal e or 1 mV, whic hever is gr eater Comm on Mo de Re ject ion R atio 20 d B @ 50 MHz DC Ve rtic al G ain Ac curac y* 1 ±2 .
7- 6 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54620-serie s Performance Characteristics Horizontal Range 5 ns/div to 50 s/d iv Resolu tion 25 ps Vernie r 1-2-5 in cremen ts when off, 2 5 minor increm.
7- 7 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics Trigge r System Sources: 546 21A/22A : Ch 1, 2, line, e xt 54621D/22D : Ch 1, 2, line, e xt, D 15 - D0 54624A: C h 1.
7- 8 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54620-serie s Performance Characteristics Analog Channe l Tr iggering Range ( Inter nal) ±6 div f rom cent er scr een Sensit ivity * Greate r of 0.
7- 9 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics Display System Displa y 7-inc h raste r monochr ome CRT Throu ghput of Analog Chann els 25 million g ray sca le vect.
7- 10 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54620-serie s Performance Characteristics FFT Point s Fixed a t 2 048 poi nts Source of FFT Analo g channel s 1 or 2 (or 3 or 4 for 54624A ), 1+2, 1- 2,.
7- 1 1 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics General Charac teristi cs Physica l: Size Weig ht 32.26 cm wide x 17.2 7 cm high x 31 .75 cm deep ( with out han dle) 6.35 kg s (14 l bs) Calib rator Outpu t Freque ncy ~1.
7- 12 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54620-serie s Performance Characteristics.
7- 1 3 Agilent 5 4640-series Perf ormance Character istics * Denot es War ranted Specific ations, all ot hers are typi cal. Spec ifica tions ar e valid after a 3 0-minu te war m-up peri od and ±10 ° C fr om fi rmware cali brati on te mperat ure .
7- 14 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54640-serie s Performance Characteristics Vertic al System : Anal og Chan nels Analo g channel s Ch1 and 2 si multane ous ac quisit ion Bandwi dth (-3dB) * 54641A/ 42D: dc to 350 MHz 54642A/42D : dc to 500 MHz ac cou pled 54641A/41D : 3.
7- 1 5 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics Vertic al System : Anal og Chan nels ( continued ) ESD T olera nce ±2 kV Nois e Peak -to- Peak 3% full scal e or 3 mV, whic hever is gr eater Comm on Mo de Re ject ion R atio 20 d B @ 50 MHz DC Ve rtic al G ain Ac curac y* 1 ±2 .
7- 16 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54640-serie s Performance Characteristics Horizontal Range 1 ns/div to 50 s/d iv Resolu tion 2.5 ps Vernie r 1-2-5 in cremen ts when off, 2 5 minor incr.
7- 1 7 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics Trigge r System Sources: 546 41A/42A : Ch 1, 2, line, e xt 54641D/42D : Ch 1, 2, line, e xt, D 15 - D0 Modes Auto,.
7- 18 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54640-serie s Performance Characteristics Analog Channe l Tr iggering Rang e (Int ernal ) ±6 div Sens itivi ty* <10 mV/di v: Gre ater of 1 div or 5 mV ≥ 10 mV/div : 0.
7- 1 9 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics Display System Displa y 7-inc h raste r monochr ome CRT Throu ghput of Analog Chann els 25 million g ray sca le ve.
7- 20 Perf orma nce Cha rac teri sti cs Agilent 54640-serie s Performance Characteristics FFT Point s Fixed a t 2 048 poi nts Source of FFT Analo g channel s 1 or 2, 1+2, 1- 2, 1*2 Window Rect ang ular, Fla ttop, Hanni ng Noise Floo r -70 to -100 dB de pend ing on avera ging Amplit ude Dis play I n dBV, dBm @ 50 ohm Frequency Resolution: 0.
7- 2 1 Perf ormance Char acteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics General Charac teristi cs Physica l: Size Weig ht 32.26 cm wide x 17.
7- 22.
Inde x Index-1 Symbols (-)Wid th me asure ment 5- 41 (+)Wid th me asurem ent 5-41 Numer ics 1*2 math func tion 5-1 9 1-2 m ath func tion 5 -20 A about oscilloscope 6-15 AC channel coupling 4-8 accesso.
Index Index-2 E ECL t hresh old 4-37 edge trigge ring 3-1 2 EEPR OM data read, I2C trigg er 3-26 Entry k nob 1-24, 2-2 Epson printer 6-6 erase display 4-31 expa nd a bout 2- 17, 4-8, 6-1 6 external t .
Index Index-3 P pan and zoom 4-23, 4-2 4 paralle l print er po rt 6-6 pattern duration trigger 3-21 pattern trigger 3-17 SPI trigger 3-36 pattern trigger 3-17 peak det ect acq uire mo de 2-4, 4 -18, 5.
Index Index-4 trigger coupling 3-6 exter nal 3-9 HF Reje ct 3 -6 holdoff 3-7 hystere sis 5- 7 mode 3-3 mode/coupling 3 -3 noise r eject 3-6 slop e 3- 12 source 3 -12 trigger mode auto 3-4 auto le vel .
DECLARA TION O F CONFO RMITY Accord ing to ISO/ IEC Guid e 22 and CEN/ CENELEC EN 45014 Manu factur er ’ s Na me: Manu factur er ’ s Addre ss: Agil ent Tech nolo gies, Inc.
Produc t Regul ations EMC IEC 61326-1: 1997+A1: 1998 / EN 61326-1: 1997+A1: 1998 CISPR 11:19 90 / EN 55011:19 91 IEC 61000 -4-2:1995 +A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2 :1995 IEC 61000 -4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3 :1.
DECLARA TION O F CONFO RMITY Accord ing to ISO/ IEC Guid e 22 and CEN/ CENELEC EN 45014 Manu factur er ’ s Na me: Manu factur er ’ s Addre ss: Agil ent Tech nolo gies, Inc.
Produc t Regul ations EMC IEC 61326-1: 1997+A1: 1998 / EN 61326-1: 1997+A1: 1998 CISPR 11:19 90 / EN 55011:19 91 IEC 61000 -4-2:1995 +A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2 :1995 IEC 61000 -4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3 :1995 IEC 61000 -4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4 :1995 IEC 61000 -4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6 :1996 Canada : ICES -001:1998 Australi a/New Zealand : AS/NZS 2064 .
Agilent T echn ologies Inc. P .O. Box 2 1 97 1900 Gard en of the Gods R oad Colo rado Spr ings, CO 80901-21 97, U. S.A. Safety Notices This apparat us has bee n designed and tested i n accor- dance with IEC Public ation 1010, Safe ty Requ ire men ts f or M ea- suring A pparatus , and has be en supplied in a safe condition.
Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2000-2002 No part of thi s manual may be reprodu ced in any f orm o r by any mea ns (includ ing elec tronic storage an d retriev al or trans la- tion in to a f oreign languag e) without pri or agreem ent and written consent fr om Agi lent Technolo gies, Inc .
An important point after buying a device Agilent Technologies 54621D (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Agilent Technologies 54621D yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Agilent Technologies 54621D - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Agilent Technologies 54621D you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Agilent Technologies 54621D will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Agilent Technologies 54621D, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Agilent Technologies 54621D.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Agilent Technologies 54621D. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Agilent Technologies 54621D along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
