Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product DX27 Yamaha
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YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL ®.
YAMAHA DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER OWNER’S MANUAL.
CONGRATULATIONS! Your Yamaha DX27 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer incorporates state-of-the-art digital FM tone generation technology, providing extraordinarily vibrant, rich voices and outstanding playability.
PRECAUTIONS 1. Location 2. Cleaning 3. Service and Modifications 4. Relocation 5. Handling 6 . Electrical Storms (Lightning) 7. EIectromagnetic Fields Avoid locations exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of heat. Also avoid locations subject to vibration, excessive dust, cold or moisture.
CHAPTER I: SETTING UP 1. Audio Outputs 2. Optional Foot Switch 3. Optional BC-1 Breath Controller 4. Headphones 5. MIDI Terminals 6. Cassette 7. AC Power Adaptor The DX27 has a single mono audio output for its tone generator channel. This is labelled OUTPUT.
NOTE: When setting up your system, be sure to turn the DX27 and any effects units used on BEFORE turning the main amplifier system on. This will prevent the initial power-on shock surge from possibly damaging your amplifier and speaker system.
DX27 CONNECTIONS 5.
CHAPTER II: PLAYING THE DX27 1. DX27 Voice Memory Configuration The DX27 has three different voice memories which serve different purposes. They are: The 24-voice INTERNAL memory This voice memory is used for quick selection of voices for performance, and it is in this memory that original voices you have edited or programmed are initially stored.
mode, while the second group is accessed in the SHIFT mode (these modes will be described below. These voices may be selected and stored in the BANK or INTERNAL memories as desired. They can also be directly accessed and played using the PRESET SEARCH function.
3. The BANK PLAY Mode In this mode, you can play any of the voices currently in the DX27’s 24-voice INTERNAL memory individually. The BANK PLAY mode enables you to access the 96 BANK memory locations. These initially contain the first group of 96 voices from the 192-voice PRESET ROM.
The DX27 comes with 192 different pre-programmed voices in an internal ROM 4. The 192-Voice (Read Only Memory). These voices can be loaded singly into the DX27’s selectable PRESET Memory 24-voice memory, or into any location in the DX27 BANK memory.
PRESET SEARCH This function allows you to directly access the voices in the PRESET memory, in the order they appear in the PRESET memory. PRESET SEARCH is accessed in the FUNCTION mode.
CHAPTER III: THE FUNCTION MODE The FUNCTION mode permits access to four groups of functions: tuning functions, MIDI functions, memory management functions, and performance functions. In this chapter we’ll describe each of these functions; what they do and how they are programmed.
* Note that performance parameters 13 through 24 can be individually stored for each voice. They must therefore be stored in the appropriate INTERNAL voice memory location after editing using the STORE function (see CHAPTER IV: VOICE PROGRAMMING, 4. Storing Voice Data).
15: PORTAMENTO MODE Two different portamento modes are available: Full Time Portamento and Fingered Portamento. When the POLY/MONO function is set to POLY (button 13), only the Full Time Portamento mode is accessible. In the MONO mode, you have a choice between the Full Time and Fingered portamento modes.
As you move the DX27 modulation wheel away from you, an increasing amount of LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) modulation is applied to the selected voice. LFO modulation can be made to modulate the pitch of the voice, producing a range of vibrato type effects.
The four BREATH parameters listed below determine just how the breath controller will affect the DX27’s sound. These parameters may be set individually, or combined for more complex effects. 20 : BREATH RANGE, PITCH This function is used to set the maximum depth of LFO pitch modulation that can be applied using the breath controller.
23: BREATH RANGE, EG BIAS This function permits breath pressure applied to the BC-1 breath controller to directly control the amplitude or timbre of the voice, according to settings of the corre- sponding voice parameters which will be covered in CHAPTER IV.
be used once after this function is called. Subsequent changes must be made using the DATA ENTRY slider and -1/+1 buttons after the INTERNAL PLAY mode and KEY SHIFT function have been entered in succession. NOTE: The KEY SET function can not be individually programmed for each voice.
7: INIT VOlCE This function sets all voice parameters in the voice edit buffer to their “initialized” values, permitting voice programming from an effectively neutral set of values—a “clean slate.” When this function is called, the LCD will read “Init.
for convenience and ease of selection during a performance, you would use the EDIT BANK function to place your 10 required voices in locations 1—10 in BANK A. There are 4 entire banks in the BANK memory. This means you can have 4 per- sonally-arranged 24-voice groups to choose from, i.
Before using this function, make sure that an appropriate data cassette recorder is properly connected to the DX27, as described in CHAPTER I: SETTING UP. When this function is initially called, the LCD will read “Save to Tape ?” Confirm your intention to save the contents of the 24 voices to cassette tape by pressing the +1 button.
memory (remember, this will erase any voices previously in the INTERNAL voice memory) by pressing the +1 button. The LCD will now read “Load all ready ?” At this point, make sure the appropriate cassette tape is loaded into the recorder and is rewound to the beginning of the desired voice file.
DX21 CASSETTE LOAD NOTE: If you have a voice set programmed on a Yamaha DX21 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer, these voices can be transferred from data cassette into the DX27.
3: CHANNEL The DX27 is capable of receiving or transmitting data on any of the 16 available MIDI channels, or receiving in the OMNI mode which enables reception on all channels simultaneously. This function is used to set the desired MIDI receive or transmit channel or activate the OMNI receive mode.
5: SYS INFO This function turns transmission and reception of MIDI SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE INFORMATION data ON or OFF. The -1/+1 buttons are used to turn this function ON or OFF. When this function is ON, voice parameter changes made in the DX27’s EDIT or FUNCTION modes are transmitted in real time.
CHAPTER IV: VOICE PROGRAMMING Before you begin actually programming or editing your own voices, a basic un- 1. The Basics of FM derstanding of how digital FM synthesis works will be necessary. In the following Synthesis explanation, we will learn how the DX27’s FM voice generator produces complex voices.
Operators do not have to be connected “vertically” in a modulator-carrier re- lationship, as shown above. The outputs of two operators can also be mixed-just as the stops in an organ are mixed. In this case the sounds are simply added together with no modulation effect.
Most algorithms have multiple modulators and carriers. In one algorithm a given operator may be a carrier, while in the next it might function as a modulator—the only difference being how it is connected.
Still more variations can be achieved by changing the relative output levels between operators; the greater the level of the modulating operator, the more harmonics are present.
content of the note changes (the timbre changes) from the time the note is initiated to the time it decays. Each of the 4 operators available in DX27 can be programmed with its own envelope.
To actually program or edit a voice, you need to enter the EDIT mode. This is done 2. The EDIT and by pressing the EDIT/COMPARE button. COMPARE Modes When the EDIT mode is activated, the LCD will indicate the operator ON/OFF status (the group of four 1s or 0s), the currently selected voice parameter, and the currently selected operator.
3. The Voice Parameters The following is a brief description of each available voice parameter, how it is programmed, and its effect. These parameters are selected by pressing the appro- priately labelled (purple labels indicate voice parameters) button while the DX27 is in the EDIT mode.
2: FEEDBACK Feedback can be applied to one operator in each algorithm. Pressing this button permits setting the amount (level) of feedback which will be applied. The feedback level range is from 0 to 7. At 0, feedback is OFF, and at 7 maximum feedback is applied.
5: LFO DELAY Permits setting a delay of between 0 and approximately 10.7 seconds before the LFO modulation effect begins after a key is played. This is particularly useful for simulating brass instruments, human voice, etc., in which a vibrato effect is gradually applied after the note has been initiated.
The beginning of the LFO cycle is normally synchronized with key-on timing. This parameter permits turning this synchronization on or off. All operators are affected simultaneously. When this parameter is on, the LFO cycle always begins from the peak of a positive half-cycle (90 degrees phase angle) when a key is played.
effects can be applied to the selected operators. A setting of 7 produces maximum sensitivity and therefore maximum effect depth. 12: KEY VELOCITY While the DX27 has no key velocity sensitivity of its own, its voice generators will accept key velocity data from an external MIDI controller keyboard which does have this feature.
ratio at a low operator level with even-ratio operators to add bite to a string sound and many other effects. The standard DX27 keyboard pitch is 8’; therefore, in terms of footage: 0.
The following EG curves show the parameters for some common instruments. 20: OPERATOR OUT LEVEL Permits setting the output level of the selected operator. The data range is from 0 to 99. At 0, the operator is OFF. A setting of 99 produces maximum output level from the selected operator.
The data range is from 0 to 3. At 0 RATE SCALING is OFF, and at 3 the greatest, variation in envelope length is produced. KEYBOARD RATE SCALING RS These values are added to AR, DIR, D2R ac- cording to the Rate Scaling setting. Only 1/2 of these values are ad- ded to RR.
4. Storing Voice Data If you have edited any of the above voice parameters and wish to store the new voice, you must use the STORE function BEFORE PRESSING ANY VOICE BUTTON AFTER EXITING THE EDIT OR FUNCTION MODES, and store the new data in one of the 24 INTERNAL memories.
If you choose to program a voice from scratch, you’ll need to have a clear memory location (or one containing a voice that you either don’t want or have already backed up on cassette tape, so that when you’ve completed programming the voice, you can save it).
CHAPTER V: VOICE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE In this section we’ll go through the steps in creating a fairly percussive electric piano voice from scratch. This simple example should help you understand the programming process. STEP 1: Initialize a Voice Enter the FUNCTION mode (press FUNCTION button) and call the MEMORY PROTECT function.
Since the voice has been initialized, the output level of operator 1 will be set at 90 and that of operator 2 will be 0, so at the moment we only hear the sound from operator 1. STEP 4: Set the OP1 (carrier) EG Select the ENVELOPE GENERATOR AR parameter, and select operator 1 by pressing the OPERATOR SELECT button.
STEP 8: STEP 9: STEP 10: STEP 11: STEP 12: Set OP3 (carrier) EG Before we actually set the OP3 EG parameters, select OP3 using the OPERATOR SELECT button, call the OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL parameter and set it to 99.
STEP 14: Set Keyboard Level Scaling Play a few notes or chords across the range of the keyboard. At this point the upper-range notes are a little to loud and tinny for proper overall keyboard balance. Select the KEYBOARD LEVEL SCALING PARAMETER, select OP1 and set to 20.
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Keyboar d ....................................................... 6 1 keys Sound Sourc e ................................................ FM Tone Generator (4 operators, 8 algorithms) Simultaneous Note Outpu t ..................
MIDI DATA FORMAT 1. Transmission Conditions ACTIVE SENSING NOTE ON/OFF SUSTAIN SWlTCH PITCH BENDER POLY MODE MONO MODE MODULATION WHEEL BREATH CONTROLER DATA ENTRY SLIDER VOLUME (DATA ENTRY SLIDER: PL.
All MIDI data is transmitted when the MIDI ON/OFF function is ON, The MIDI 2. Transmission Dat a transmission channel is determined by the setting of the MIDI T CH function. 2-1. Channel Information 2-1-1 Channel Voice Message (1) Key On/Off Status 1001 nnnn(9n) n=channel no.
2-2 System lnformafion 2-2-1 System Real-Time Message Active sensing Status 11111110(FE) Transmitted once approximately every 200 milliseconds 2-2-2 System Exclusive Message Transmitted only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON (1) Parameter Change Status 11110000(F0) ID no.
Byte count 00000000(00) Data 0ddddddd 4096 bytes 0ddddddd Checksum 0eeeeeee EOX 11110111(F7) The data of 32 voices, including the 24 voices in RAM memory, will be transmitted if the YES key is pressed in response to the “MIDI Transmit?” display which appears when the SYS INFO key is pressed twice in the FUNCTION mode.
3. Reception Conditions 50.
All MIDI data is received when the MIDI ON/OFF function is ON. When a specific 4. Reception Data MIDI receive channel has been selected using the MIDI R CH function, and the OMNI mode is OFF, MIDI data will be received only on the specified channel. MIDI data will be received on all channels when the OMNI mode is ON.
Functions only on MSB data: MSB 00000000 Lowest value 01000000 Center value 01111111 Highest value 4-1-2 Channel Mode Message Status 1011nnnn n=channel no.
(3) 1 Voice Bulk Data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON. The format is the same as for the transmitted 1 voice bulk data. The 93 voice data bytes are read into the voice edit buffer, replacing the current voice data. The 93 received data bytes are shown in voice parameter table 5-2.
5-1. VOICE DATA (VMEM format) 5. System Exclusive Data Parameter no. P Parameter 0 ATTACK RATE 1 DECAY 1 RATE 2 DECAY 2 RATE 3 RELEASE RATE 4 DECAY 1 LEVEL OP4 5 KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL 6 AMPLITUDE MOD.
5-2. VOICE PARAMETERS (VCED format) parameter no. P parameter LCD Display Data Note 0 ATTACK RATE AR 0 ~ 31 1 DECAY 1 RATE D1R 0 ~ 31 2 DECAY 2 RATE D2R 0 ~ 31 3 RELEASE RATE RR 0 ~ 15 4 DECAY 1 LEVEL.
5-3. FUNCTION PARAMETERS Parameter no. P Parameter 93 OPERATOR ENABLE/DISABLE 94 OPETATOR SELECT 95 EDIT MODE 1 = ON 96 FUNCTION MODE 1 = ON 97 STORE MODE 1 = ON 98 99 100 PLAY MODE 1 = ON 101 102 103.
[ Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer ] Date Model DX27 : 5/10, 1985 MIDI Implementation Chart Version : 1.0 Transmitte d Recognized Remarks Function .
YAMAHA DATA NAME : DATE : NUMBER : PROGRAMMER : AME OP 4 3 2 1 ALGORITHM FEEDBACK WAVE SPEED DELAY PMD AMD SYNC PITCH AMPLITUDE EG BIAS KEY LFO MODULATION SENSITIVITY VELOCITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 .
DATE : PROGRAMMER : No. VOICE NAME REMARKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 59.
DATE: PROGRAMMER : A B No. VOICE NAME REMARKS No. VOICE NAME REMARKS 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 60.
C D No. VOICE NAME REMARKS No. VOICE NAME REMARKS 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 2 4 24 61.
FCC INFORMATION (USA) While the following statements are provided to comply with FCC Regulations in the United States, the corrective measures listed below are applicable worldwide.
SINCE 1887 YAMAHA NIPPON GAKKI CO., LTD. HAMAMATSU. JAPAN 85 09 0.2 CR Printed in Japan.
YAMAHA DX27 OM DX27 OM 9/20/98 198001 Yamaha Corporation of America 6600 Orangethorpe Avenue, P.O. Box 6600, Buena Park, CA 90622-6600.
An important point after buying a device Yamaha DX27 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Yamaha DX27 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Yamaha DX27 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Yamaha DX27 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Yamaha DX27 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Yamaha DX27, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Yamaha DX27.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Yamaha DX27. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Yamaha DX27 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
