Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product DX21 Yamaha
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YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER.
YAMAHA DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER OWNER’S MANUAL.
CONGRATULATIONS! Your Yamaha DX21 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthsizer incorporates the state-of-the-art in digital FM tone generation technology, providing extraordinarily vi- brant, rich voices and outstanding playability.
PRECAUTIONS 1. Location 2. Cleaning 3. Service and Modifications 4. Relocation 5. Handing 6. Electrical Storms (Lightning) 7. Electromagnetic Fields Choose the installation location for the DX21 with caution. Avoid locations exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of heat.
CHAPTER I: SETTING UP 1. Audio Outputs 2. Optional Foot Controllers & Foot Switches 3. Optional BC1 Breath Controller 4. Headphones 5. MIDI Terminals 6. Cassette The DX21 has two audio outputs, one for each tone generator channel. These are labelled MIX/A and B.
7. AC Power Plug the DX21 AC power cord into an AC wall socket. Be sure that your local line voltage matches that specified on the DX21 rear panel. The POWER switch is located next to the AC cord on the rear panel. NOTE: When setting up your system, be sure to turn the DX21 and any effects units used on BEFORE turning the main amplifier system on.
CHAPTER II: PLAYING THE DX21 The DX21 has 32 RAM (Random Access Memory) locations which contain voices 1. The 32 Voice RAM which may be immediately selected by pressing the appropriate memory button Memory while the DX21 is in one of the three normal play modes described below.
Enter the DUAL mode by pressing the PLAY DUAL button. 3. The DUAL Play Mode “DU” in the upper left display corner indicates that the DUAL mode has been se- lected.
SPLIT POINT set at 60 The split point number on the LCD will change to the number of the pressed key, the “A” voice will be playable on all keys to its left (Including the split key), and the “B” voice will be playable on all keys to the right of the split key.
THE 128 VOICES PROVIDED IN THE INTERNAL ROM GROUP 1 : PIANO GROUP 5 : BRASS GROUP 9 : PERCUSSION 2 GROUP 13 : BASS 1 Dee p Grand 1 Horns 1 Electr o Tom 1 Soli d Bass 2 Uprt Piano 2 Brite Brass 2 Timpa.
CHAPTER III: THE FUNCTION MODE The FUNCTION mode permits access to four groups of functions : tuning functions, MIDI functions, memory management functions, and performance functions. In this chapter we’ll describe each of these functions; what they do and how they are programmed.
“Performance parameters” are programmable parameters which pertain mainly to 3. The Performance real-time performance effects such as how the pitch bend and modulation wheels Parameters affect the sound. All performance parameters can be memorized for each voice.
(2 ) “Fingered Porta” (MONO mode only): Portamento only occurs if the previously played note is held while the next note is played. This mode is useful in re- creating the effect of guitar string bending techniques, wood bass slide effects, etc. If you lift your hand off the DX21 keyboard between notes, there will be no portamento effect.
produced depends on the settings of the LFO parameters—these will be discussed in CHAPTER V: VOICE PROGRAMMING. Note, however, that the appropriate voice PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter must be set to a value higher than 0 for pitch modulation to be effective.
Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY controls and -1/+1 switches. Once this function is called, subsequent presses on the B10 button increment the data value. B11: BREATH RANGE, AMPLITUDE This function is used to set the maximum depth of LFO amplitude modulation which can be applied using the Breath Controller.
B15: TRANSPOSE This function permits transposing the pitch of the entire DX21 keyboard up or down two octaves in semitone steps. The data range is from C1 to C5 (C3 is middle C, C2 is one octave lower than middle C, C4 is one octave higher than middle C, etc.
imately 1/4 semitone—is achieved with a setting of 99. The detune effect is produced by simultaneously increasing the pitch of channel A while decreasing the pitch of channel B. Use the DATA ENTRY control or -1/+1 switches to enter the data for this parameter.
INITIALIZED VOICE DATA LIST When this function is called the LCD will read “Init. Voice ?“. Confirm your intention to initialize the voice edit buffer by pressing the DATA ENTRY YES button. The DX21 will then ask you to reconfirm your intention to initialize the voice with “Are You Sure ?“.
Once you have selected the desired ROM memory group, press the DATA ENTRY YES button to go on to the next step. If you press the NO button at this point the display will revert to the “Group to Bank?” stage.
You can now try out the newly loaded voice. ** Be sure to turn the MEMORY PROTECT function back ON after the load op- eration. A13: CASSETTE SAVE/VERIFY This function actually incorporates two “sub-functions” —SAVE and VERIFY.
A14: CASSETTE LOAD This function loads a complete set of 32 voices from cassette tape into the DX21 RAM voice memory. Before using this function make sure that all cassette con- nections have been properly made, as described in CHAPTER I: SETTING UP. Also make sure that the DX21 MEMORY PROTECT function (A16) is OFF.
A16: MEMORY PROTECT This function turns the DX21 MEMORY PROTECT function ON or OFF. When ON, the internal RAM voice memory cannot be altered using the STORE, INTERNAL MEMORY LOAD, or CASSETTE LOAD functions.
The data turned ON or OFF by this function consists of the following: (a) KEY VELOCITY: Initial touch response data. Although the DX21 does not have key velocity sensitivity (keyboard touch response), its tone generator is capable of receiving key velocity information from an external keyboard which has this capability.
CHAPTER IV: THE PERFORMANCE MEMORY 1. Performance Memory Organization 2. Accessing the Performance Memory 3. Programming the Performance Memory 4. The Performance Name In addition to the DX21’s 32 voice RAM memories and 128-voice ROM memory, the DX21 also features a special 32 performance memory system.
CHAPTER V: VOICE PROGRAMMING Before you begin actually programming or editing your own voices, a basic un- 1. The Basics Of FM derstanding of how digital FM synthesis works will be necessary. In the following Synthesis explanation we will discover how the DX21’s FM voice generator produces complex voices.
Operators do not have to be connected “vertically” in a modulator-carrier re- lationship, as shown above. The outputs of two operators can also be mixed—just as the stops in an organ are mixed. In this case the sounds are simply added together with no modulation effect.
The bottom operator of a stack is called a CARRIER. Any operators which are connected to the carrier’s inputs are called MODULA- TORS. YOU CAN’T HEAR A MODULATOR DIRECTLY, but you hear its effect by listening to the carrier’s altered (modulated) output.
Still more variations can be achieved by changing the relative output levels between operators; the greater the level of the modulating operator, the more harmonics are present.
Each of the 4 operators available in DX21 can be programmed with its own envelope. The envelope applied to a carrier will, generally, contribute to the overall volume envelope of the note, while an envelope applied to a modulator will contribute to the timbre envelope of the note.
To actually program or edit a voice you need to enter the EDIT mode. This is done 2. The EDIT and by pressing the EDIT/COMPARE switch in the group of switches to the left of the COMPARE Modes LCD panel.
at the top right corner of the LCD: for example, “OP 3”. This only applies to pa- rameters which can be individually programmed for each operator, however, when parameters that affect all operator.
A8: LFO SPEED Permits setting the speed of the low frequency oscillator. The data range is from 0 to 99. 0 corresponds to the slowest LFO speed (0.06 Hz), and 99 corresponds to the fastest LFO speed (50 Hz). A9: LFO DELAY Permits setting a delay of between 0 and approximately 3 seconds before the LFO modulation effect begins after a key is played.
A12: LFO SYNC The beginning of the LFO cycle is normally synchronized with key-on timing. This parameter permits turning this synchronization ON or OFF. All operators are affected simultaneously. When this parameter is ON, the LFO cycle always begins from the peak of a positive half-cycle (90 degrees phase angle) when a key is played.
BIAS is applied to a carrier via the breath controller the result is volume (expression) control, and applied to a modulator the result is brilliance control. The data range is from 0 to 7. At 0 EG BIAS sensitivity is OFF and no EG BIAS effects can be applied to the selected operators.
including extremely realistic bells, explosions, etc. More even ratios are more useful for creating musical instrument sounds. It is possible to combine a modulator set to a fractional ratio at a low operator level with even-ratio operators to add bite to a string sound and many other effects.
The following EG curves show the parameters for some common instruments. When creating voices on the DX21 you should apply these EG curves to the carrier operator. B8: OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL Permits setting the output level of the selected operator. The data range is from 0 to 99.
B10: LEVEL SCALING This parameter produces a gradual decrease in note output level towards the right (high) end of the keyboard. Many acoustic instruments exhibit a gradual falloff in level towards the higher notes, and this function can be used to create the most natural overall keyboard response for any particular voice.
B16 (FUNCTION MODE): VOICE NAME This function is accessed in the FUNCTION mode—press the FUNCTION button and then the B16 (VOICE NAME) button. The VOICE NAME function can be used to give voices in the voice memory an identifying name. Voice names can be up to 10 characters in length.
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Keyboard 61 keys, C 1 ~ C 6 Sound Source FM Tone Generator: 4 operators x 2 (A,B), 8 Alogorithms Simultaneous Note Output Polyphonic: 8 notes (SINGLE), 4 notes (DUAL), 4 + 4 not.
MIDI DATA FORMAT 1. Transmission Conditions 2. Transmission Data All MIDI data is transmitted when the MIDI ON/OFF function is ON. The MIDI transmission channel is determined by the setting of the MIDI TRNS CH function. 2-1. CHANNEL INFORMATION 2-1-1.
(2) Key On Status Note no. Velocity (3) Control Change 1000nnnn 0kkkkkkk 01000000 n=channel no. k=36(C1) ~ 96(C6) Status 1011nnnn n=channel no. Control no. 0ccccccc Control code 0vvvvvvv a) Transmitted whether MIDI CH INFO is ON or OFF Control no. Control code.
(1) Parameter Change Status 11110000 ID no. 01000011 Substatus/ch. no. 0001nnnn n=channel no. Parameter group no. 00010010 Perameter no. 0ppppppp Data 0ddddddd EOX 11110111 This data is transmitted when voice or function parameters are changed in the EDIT or FUNCTION modes.
3. Reception Conditions MIDI IN 41.
4. Reception Data All MIDI data is received when the MIDI ON/OFF function is ON. When a specific MIDI receive channel has been selected using the MIDI RECV CH function, and the OMNI mode is OFF, MIDI data will be received only on the specified channel.
Functio n s only on MSB data : MSB 0000000 0 01000000 0111111 1 Lowes t value Cente r value Highes t value 4-1-2. Channel Mode Message Statu s 1011nnn n 0cccccc c 0vvvvvv v n=channel no .
(3) 1 Voice Bulk Data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON. The format is the same as for the transmitted 1 voice bulk data. The 93 voice data bytes are read into the voice edit buffer, replacing the current voice data. The 93 received data bytes are shown in voice parameter table 5-2.
5. System Exclusive Data 5-1. VOICE DATA (VMEM format) Parameter no. P Parameter 0 ATTACK RATE 1 DECAY 1 RATE 2 DECAY 2 RATE 3 RELEASE RATE 4 DECAY 1 LEVEL OP4 5 KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL 6 AMPLITUDE MOD.
5-2. VOICE PARAMETERS (VCED format) Parameter no. P Parameter LCD Display Data Note 0 ATTACK RATE EG AR 0 ~31 1 DECAY 1 RATE EG D1R 0 ~31 2 DECAY 2 RATE EG D2R 0 ~31 3 RELEASE RATE EG RR 0 ~15 4 DECAY 1 LEVEL EG D1L 0 ~15 5 KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL LEVEL SCALE 0~99 6 KEYBOARD SCALING RATE OP4 RATE SCALE 0~3 7 EG BIAS SENSITIVITY E BIAS SENS.
5-3. FUNCTION PARAMETERS Parameter no. P Parameter LCD Display Data Note 93 OPERATOR ENABLE/DISABLE 0 ~15 94 OPETATOR SELECT 0~3 95 EDIT MODE 1=ON 0, 1 96 FUNCTION MODE 1=ON FUNCTION CONTRO L 0,1 97 S.
[ Digita l Programmabl e Algorith m Synthesise r 3 Dat e : 3/9 , 198 5 Mode l DX2 1 MIDI Implementatio n Char t Versio n : 1. 2 Functio n ... Basi c Defaul t Channe l Change d Defaul t Mode Message s .
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FCC CERTIFICATION (USA) While the following statements are provided to comply with FCC Regulations in the United States, the corrective measures listed below are applicable worldwide.
YAMAHA ® Yamaha Corporation of America DX21 OM 6607 Orangethorpe Avenue, P.O. Box 6600, Buena Park, CA 80622-6600 9/10/98 29645 DX21 OM.
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