Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product VHD Volvo
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New Roads. TM OPERA T OR ’S MANU AL VHD.
Fo rewo rd This manual contains information concerning the safe operation of your vehicle. It is extremely important that this information is read and un- derstood before the vehicle is operated.
Contents General Information ............................. 1 Information For the Owner ................... 1 General Safety Information .................. 3 Modifications to V ehicle ....................... 7 Exhaust and Noise Emissions .............
Stereo/Radio ...................................... 188 Communication Equipment .............. 189 Fuel Economy Driving ...................... 190 Fuel Economy ................................... 190 Engine Start and Operation ............. 197 Starting the Engine .
W arning Label Information IMPOR T ANT Befor e driving this vehicle, be certain that y ou have read and that you fully understand each and e very step of the driving and han- dling inf ormation in this Operator’s Manual. Be certain that you fully understand and follow all safety war nings.
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General Information 1 Information For the Owner If there are questions on the maintenance and performance of your vehicle, please discuss them with your V olvo T ruck dealer . Y our authorized dealer is required to have trained mechanics, special tools and spare parts to fully service your vehicle.
2 General Information Do Not Remove this manual from the ve- hicle. It contains important operational and safety information that is needed by all driv ers and owners of this v ehicle. This Operator’s Manual cov ers V olvo VHD-series vehicles manufactured by V olvo Trucks North America, Inc.
General Information 3 General Safety Inf ormation Operating the V ehic le Every v ehicle, including hea vy duty vehi- cles, has blind spots. The size of blind spots v aries from driv er to driv er and from situation to situation.
4 General Information Operating In Bobtail Mode Tractors are equipped with a bobtail air brake proportioning valv e which automati- cally redistributes the braking force between front and rear axles when not hooked up to a semitrailer (bobtail operation).
General Information 5 Do Not Overload This vehicle has been designed and assem- bled for a maximum gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and a maximum front and rear axle weights rating (F A WR and RA WR). The actual rating for this vehicle can be found on the label attached to the door frame on the driv er’s side.
6 General Information Reporting Safety Defects USA The National Highway Traf fic Safety Ad- ministration (NHTSA) and V olvo Trucks North America, Inc. should be informed immediately if you believe that the vehicle has a defect that could cause a crash, injury or death.
General Information 7 Modifications to V ehicle Chassis Frame Frame side rails are heat treated. No weld- ing is permitted because structural failure may result. Do not drill through either top or bottom flanges. A warning label is also attached to the frame for information.
8 General Information Exhaust and Noise Emissions General USA The Federal Clean Air Act, Section 203 (a) (3), states the following concerning the re- mov al of air pollution control devices or modifi.
General Information 9 California Emission Control W arranty Statement YOUR W ARRANTY RIGHTS AND OBLIGA TIONS The California Air Resources Board and V olvo Trucks North America , Inc. (VTNA) are pleased to explain the emission control system warranty on your vehicle.
10 General Information EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM W ARRANTY V olv o T rucks North America, Inc. W ARRANTS TO THE ORIGINAL O WNER, AND EA CH SUBSEQUENT OWNER, OF A NEW TR UCK POWERED BY A VOL V O DIESEL E.
General Information 11 The emissions control parts covered by this Emission Control System W arranty are listed under "What Is Cov ered by the Emissions W arranty ." Y ou are responsible for the perfor- mance of all required maintenance on your new V olvo engine, including maintenance or repairs needed due to sev ere operating conditions.
12 General Information WHA T IS CO VERED BY THE EMISSION W ARRANTY The following is a list of the items that are considered a part of the Emission Control Sys- tems and are covered by the Emission W arranty when installed as original equipment by V olv o T rucks North America, Inc.
General Information 13 Noise Emissions V olvo Trucks North America, Inc. warrants to the first person who purchases this vehi- cle for purposes other than resale and to each subsequent purchaser, that this vehicle as manufactured by V olvo T rucks North America, Inc.
14 General Information T ampering with Noise Control System Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof: (1) The remov al or rendering inoperativ e by any person, other than for pu.
General Information 15 Fuel System Removing or altering engine speed pro- gramming so as to allow engine speed to exceed manufacturer’s specifications. Inner Fender Shields and Cab Skir ts Removing shields or skirts. Cutting away parts of shields, skirts or dam- aged or loose portions of shields or skirts.
16 General Information V ehicle Data Identification and Labels It is extremely important that the correct vehicle model and serial number are giv en whenev er replacement parts or service liter- ature are ordered.
General Information 17 Identification and Cer tification Labels There are two labels that are located on the rear , lower face of the driv er side door frame. These should be part of the vehicle at all times. The VIN is shown on the V ehicle Identifi- cation label.
18 General Information Components The V olvo D12 engine serial number is lo- cated on the rear , left side of the c ylinder block. There is also a label on the engine elec- tronic control unit that shows the engine serial number . W0001529 The V olvo D7 engine serial number is lo- cated on the rear , left side of the c ylinder block.
V ehicle Access 19 Cab Doors and Door Lock The cab door is unlocked with the same key used for the ignition lock. Ke ys can be made to fit only one vehicle or all the vehi- cles in a fleet of V olvos. A tool for changing bulbs in the instrument cluster is included on the ke ychain.
20 V ehicle Access The door has a position lock that enables the door to remain open in two different positions. An indented bar is holding the door at approximately 30 and in the fully open position at approximately 85 . T o close the door from the inside, place the hand in the handhold and pull the door in.
V ehicle Access 21 Cab Entry and Exit General T o av oid personal injury due to a slip and/or fall, observe all the guidelines ex- plained in this section marked Cab Entry and Exit. Do not stand on the steps or any other part of the vehicle while it is in motion.
22 V ehicle Access General Entry Guidelines T o av oid personal injury due to a slip and/or fall, observe the following guide- lines. 1 Always hav e three limbs (one foot and two hands or two feet and one hand) in contact with the vehicle at all times when entering or e xiting the cab or the area behind the cab .
V ehicle Access 23 Driver Side Entr y/Exit Open the door . Place an y hand-carried items on the cab floor . Grasp the right grab handle with your right hand and the left grab handle with your left hand. Put the right foot fully on the bottom step and pull yourself up to the opening.
24 V ehicle Access Behind the Cab Entr y When trailer air and electrical connections can not be coupled from the ground, Fed- eral Regulations require commercial carriers to provide back-of-cab access steps, grab handles and plates. Depending on what option is chosen, grab handles are av ailable in many variations.
V ehicle Access 25 Stand on the ground when connecting the air and electrical connections to the trailer. W5000713.
26 V ehicle Access Hood The hood is locked down by two latches, one on each side of the back end of the hood. The latches are operated by a handle on the bottom edge of the dashboard. Pull the bottom of the handle out to release hood. The hood will be raised about two inches off its resting position and remain there.
V ehicle Access 27 Manual Hood Opening In the ev ent of a malfunction in the hood opening mechanism, the hood latches can be manually operated through an opening in the wheelwell splash shield. The opening is normally cov ered by a plate. T o access the opening, remov e the two screws using a T30 T orx screwdri v er .
28 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance General Before working on or inspecting a vehi- cle, set the parking brakes, place the transmission in neutral and block the wheels. Failure to do so can result in un- expected v ehicle mov ement and can cause serious personal injury or death.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 29 Pre-T rip Inspection Quick List W1000145 Inspect the vehicle in a circular manner as shown in the illustration. Numbers between parentheses in the list, re- fer to pages in this manual where component function and necessary inspection is explained in greater detail.
30 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance Step 1: Left Side Of the Cab (cont.) Left F r ont Brake • Condition of brake drum. W ith brakes released, look for a noticeable gap be- tween lining and drum (This check cannot be made if dust covers are in place).
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 31 W1000145 Step 3: Right Side Of Cab Area (cont.) Right F r ont Suspension • Check condition of spring, spring hangers, shackles, U-bolts: no cracks, breaks or shifting. • Shock absorber condition. Right F r ont Brake • Condition of brake drum.
32 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance Condition of V isible Components • Rear of engine: not leaking. • Transmission: not leaking. If equipped with oil cooler , check for leaks or that air-to-air cooler is not blocked. • Check driv e shaft.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 33 W1000145 Step 7: Coupling System Area F ifth Wheel • Securely mounted to the frame. • No missing or damaged parts. • Check that trunnion and plate are properly lubricated ( page 265). Sliding F ifth Wheel • Mechanism not worn, bent, damaged or parts missing ( page 267).
34 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance Brakes • Condition of brake drums. W ith brakes released, look for a noticeable gap be- tween lining and drum (This check cannot be made if dust covers are in place). • Condition of brake hoses: check for any chafing.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 35 W1000145 In the Cab • Check steps and grab handles for looseness or breakage ( page 22). Also, clean them if there is any sub- stance that makes them slippery , which makes cab entry/exit hazardous. • Start the engine.
36 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance Hooking Up T o T railer Hook-up Prepar ation • Check kingpin and mounting plate on trailer , free from wear , bends or dam- age. • Chock trailer wheels. F ifth Wheel Or T r ailer Hitch • No visible space between fifth wheel and trailer ( page 273).
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 37 W0001919 NO TE! Refer to the trailer manufacturer’s manual for specific information on the trailer checks. Step 9: T railer Front Area Air and Electrical Connections • Glad hands properly mounted, free from damage and not leaking.
38 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance Step 11: Right Rear T railer Wheel Dual Wheels, One Or T wo Axles • Check condition of wheels and rims.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 39 W0001919 NO TE! Refer to the trailer manufacturer’s manual for specific information on the trailer checks. Step 13: Left Rear T railer Wheels Area Dual Wheels, One Or T wo Axles • Check condition of wheels and rims.
40 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance Step 14: Left Side of T railer Area Landing Gear or Dolly Area • Fully raised; no missing or damaged parts. • Crank handle present and secured. • If power operated, no air/hydraulic leaks. Spare Wheel(s) • Spare wheel securely mounted in rack with no damage to rack.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 41 Daily Maintenance The following should be checked daily in addition to doing the pre-trip inspection of the truck or tractor and trailer . While checking the fluid lev els, visually in- spect hoses, pipes and their connections for signs of leakage.
42 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance W ARNING Keep yourself clear of all moving or hot engine parts. A hot engine can cause se- rious burns. Check oil level in the engine with the dip- stick. The oil lev el should be between the minimum and maximum marks on the dip- stick.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 43 Check fluid le v el in the clutch fluid reser- voir . Fluid lev el should be between the lev el marks on the reservoir . If fluid needs to be added, use brake fluid, DO T 4. W4000726 Check lev el in the windshield washer reser- voir .
44 Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance If the windshield needs an ov erall cleaning, use a long handled cleaning sponge and squeegee. Clean the side windows in the same way with a long handled sponge and squeegee.
Pre-T rip Inspection and Daily Maintenance 45 W ARNING When draining the air tanks, do not look into the area of the draining air . Dirt or sludge particles may be in the air stream that could cause e ye injury . Empty out the air tanks daily . W ith the air system fully charged and with the engine shut off, listen for air leaks.
46 Additional Safety Features Safety Belts General Safety belts must be properly worn at all times by the driv er and all passengers while the vehicle is in motion ev en if the vehicle is equipped with a Supple- mental Restraint System (SRS or air bag).
Additional Saf ety Features 47 Safety belts must be worn by the driv er and all passengers at all times. Before adjusting or fastening the safety belt, move the seat forward or rearward and adjust the seat height as necessary . Sit erect and adjust the seat cushion and seat back for a comfort- able driving position.
48 Additional Safety Features Operating the Safety Belt T o fasten the safety belt, pull the belt out from the retractor and insert the latch into the buckle. V erify proper lock of the latch by pulling on the latch. Adjust the slack by pulling on the top part of the belt until the lower part, or the part that crosses the lap, is snugly adjusted.
Additional Saf ety Features 49 Inspection Failure to properly inspect and maintain the safety belts can cause serious per- sonal injury or death. It is critical that any time a vehicle has been in vol.
50 Additional Safety Features The following maintenance guidelines de- tail how to inspect safety belts and tethers for cuts, fraying, extreme or unusual wear of the webbing, etc., and damage to the buckle, retractor , hardware or other factors which indicate that safety belt system re- placement is necessary .
Additional Saf ety Features 51 Check to make sure that the D-loop web guide is rotating properly . If the guide is not rotating properly , the webbing will pull at the wrong angle through the guide, ac- celerating wear . W8002477 If equipped, check the comfort clip for cracks or possible damage.
52 Additional Safety Features The retractor web storage device is mounted on the B-pillar , just behind the door in the cab . The retractor is the heart of the safety belt system and can be damaged if abused, e ven unintentionally .
Additional Saf ety Features 53 Important Facts About Safety Belts in Heavy T rucks The high mileage associated with hea vy trucks, the continual relativ e mov ement of the seat with the cab, the possi.
54 Additional Safety Features Comfort Clip Operation When provided, the comfort clip is located on the shoulder strap just below the D-ring. When adjusting the comfort clip, the fol- lowing procedure must be followed for proper adjustment: 1 Pull out only enough webbing to allow slight pressure to the shoulder and chest.
Additional Saf ety Features 55 SRS Airbag W ARNING The SRS airbag is intended to supple- ment — not replace — the standard safety belt. The airbag is not deployed when the truck is hit from behind, from the side or if it rolls o v er . For best pro- tection, sit in a normal, upright position.
56 Additional Safety Features SRS System The inflatable airbag is folded into the cen- ter of the steering wheel. It inflates in the ev ent of a serious collision abo ve a certain lev el, where the .
Additional Saf ety Features 57 The SRS system is continually monitored by the control unit. A control unit is mounted on a bracket abov e the engine cov er which detects deceleration. The con- trol unit also contains a standby power unit which can supply the system with power for a short time, should the normal supply be broken.
58 Additional Safety Features W arning Labels The label attached to the left hand sun visor shows the year and month when a V olvo Truck dealer should be contacted for a specific inspection and for a possible re- placement of the airbag. This is done to guarantee the function of the airbag after the stated date.
Additional Saf ety Features 59 Any queries concerning the SRS system should be directed to a V olvo T ruck dealer . There is no maintenance required for the SRS system until the date stated on the warning label located on the left hand sun- visor . Nev er attempt to repair any part of the SRS system.
60 Additional Safety Features General Information When is the airbag deployed? The airbag is only deployed during a head- on collision , where the vehicle hits a fixed or heavy object with sufficient force. The SRS system registers both the force of the collision and the internal forces caused by the collision.
Additional Saf ety Features 61 Can the airbag be deployed acci- dentally? The complete SRS system is constructed so that the airbag only inflates in particular collision conditions. The SRS system has its own diagnostic unit which continuously monitors the functioning of the system.
62 Additional Safety Features Safety Equipment Safety triangles and fire extinguishers are av ailable as optional equipment. The fire extinguisher should be located by the base of the driv er seat, between the seat and the door . W1000071 W ar ning T riangles The warning triangles are stored in a box that is strapped to the back wall of the cab .
Additional Saf ety Features 63 V ORAD Collision W arning System The Eaton V ORAD computerized Collision W arning System constantly monitors vehi- cles ahead with a front end mounted radar and in a blind spot area with an optional side mounted radar .
64 Instruments and Controls Dash Overview W8002383 1 Air V ents ( page 176) 2 Diagnostic T est Connection 3 Left Switch Cluster ( page 94) 4 Headlight Switch ( page 98) 5 Driving/Fog Lights - option (.
Instruments and Controls 65 Instrument Cluster Over vie w W3004396 General The cluster is available in sev en different configurations, with the speedometer either graded in mph or km/h.
66 Instruments and Controls T elltale Over vie w W3004406 1 Engine Preheat ( page 72) 2 Y ellow INFO Light ( page 73) 3 Red STOP Light ( page 74) 4 No Charge ( page 75) 5 Left Turn ( page 80) 6 Fifth .
Instruments and Controls 67 Graphic Display T elltale Over view W3003534 1 V oltmeter ( page 156) 2 Engine oil temperature ( page 153) 3 Transmission oil temperature ( page 119) 4 Preheating active ( .
68 Instruments and Controls Left Instrument Section A Pyrometer (option) (this page) B Engine Coolant T emperature ( page 69) C Engine Oil Pressure ( page 70) D T urbo Boost Pressure (option) ( page 7.
Instruments and Controls 69 B — Engine Coolant T emperature The gauge indicates engine coolant temper- ature. Normal operating temperature reading is 165 to 205 F (75 to 95 C) for the V OL V O engine. The temperature, under normal driving conditions, must be belo w the red sector .
70 Instruments and Controls C — Engine Oil Pressure The gauge indicates oil pressure by a sensor directly connected to the engine lubrication system. Normal oil pressure is 30 to 70 psi (210 to 480 kPa) when the engine is at nor- mal operating temperature.
Instruments and Controls 71 D — T urbo Boost Pressure (option) The gauge indicates intake manifold pres- sure on the engine. The pressure is generated by the turbo. Boost pressure should be the same at a giv en engine tem- perature, speed and load. T urbo boost pressure will vary for different engines and vehicle models.
72 Instruments and Controls 1 — Engine Preheat T elltale The amber telltale will light when the in- take manifold preheater is operating. The heater is used for better cold starts. Opera- tion time of the heater can vary in se veral steps from 0 to 50 seconds depending on coolant temperature and outside air temper- ature.
Instruments and Controls 73 2— INFO T elltale The yellow INFO telltale lights up to in- dicate a control system or component malfunction. In some cases, the engine power may be derated (see page 114). When the telltale comes on, stop at the first safe place where the problem can be checked.
74 Instruments and Controls 3— ST OP T elltale Failure to take necessary action when the STOP telltale is on, can ultimately result in automatic engine shutdown and loss of power steering assist. V ehicle crash resulting in personal injury or death can occur .
Instruments and Controls 75 4 — No Charge T elltale The No Charge telltale lights up red when a problem exists in the charging system or when there is no output from the alternator , such as when the engine is not running.
76 Instruments and Controls Main Instrument Section G T achometer ( this page) H Speedometer ( page 77) J Master W arning T elltale ( page 78) K W arning T elltales ( page 79) W3003643 G — T achometer The tachometer is electrically driv en by a signal from the engine.
Instruments and Controls 77 H — Speedometer and Odometer The speedometer is driv en by the vehicle’s electronic system. Recalibration of the speedometer can be made to compensate for tire size changes or other changes in the vehicle driv eline. This is done by repro- gramming the engine or transmission electronic controller .
78 Instruments and Controls J — Master Warning T elltale The Master W arning T elltale and buzzer alerts of a dangerous situation. Air pres- sure is low and the remaining air volume may not be enough for repeated braking.
Instruments and Controls 79 K — W arning T elltales, Center Section W3003646 1 Left Turn T elltale ( page 80) 2 Fifth Wheel Lock Telltale ( page 80) 3 Wheel Diff.
80 Instruments and Controls Left and Right T ur n T elltales This lights up green when the turn signal is activ ated and blinks in time with the out- side turn signal lamps. An audible signal also sounds in time with the telltale. A sin- gle short beep is heard when the telltale lights up.
Instruments and Controls 81 High Beam T elltale Any time the high beams are activ ated, by the high/low beam switch or the high beam flash switch, the telltale lights up blue.
82 Instruments and Controls ABS T elltale, T ractor and T railer The telltale lights up amber if the Anti- Lock Brake System (ABS) senses a problem under the following conditions: 1 The system will go through its self test when the ignition switch is turned on and the telltale should continue to be on.
Instruments and Controls 83 Right Instrument Section L Forward Dri ve Axle Oil T emperature (option) ( this page) M Rear Driv e Axle Oil T emperature (option) ( this page) N Fuel Lev el Gauge ( page 8.
84 Instruments and Controls N — Fuel Level Gauge The gauge is connected to a sending unit in the fuel tank. There is only one sender ev en if the vehicle is equipped with dual tanks. W3003628 O — Application Air Brake Pressure (option) Air gauges are directly connected to the air brake system.
Instruments and Controls 85 P & Q — Front and Rear Brake System Air Pressures The system air gauges are directly con- nected to the front and rear circuit tanks. The two gauges should register equal air pressure. Air brake system pressure should be between 90 to 135 psi (620 to 930 kPa) for normal operation.
86 Instruments and Controls R — W arning T elltales, Right Section 1 Transmission T emperature (this page) 2 Check Transmission (this page) 3 Traction Control System ( page 87) 4 W ait to Start (Not.
Instruments and Controls 87 T raction Control System T elltale The amber telltale will blink only when the Traction Control System (TCS) mud/snow mode is engaged. At all other times, the TCS system operates in the background without indication. The system does not hav e an on/off switch.
88 Instruments and Controls Auto Neutral T elltale The Auto Neutral T elltale is for the Allison WTEC III transmission. The green indica- tor lights up when the transmission is in auto neutral. Auto neutral is activ ated just before the vehicle comes to a complete stop (less than 1.
Instruments and Controls 89 Changing T elltale Bulbs In Cluster NO TE! Before beginning to work, make sure the vehicle ignition is switched OFF . If possible, adjust the steering column back.
90 Instruments and Controls A bulb change tool is included with the ignition keys on the keychain, or can be or- dered from your V olv o Truck dealer under part number 1089953.
Instruments and Controls 91 Steering Column Switches T urn Signal/Headlight Beam Change The turn signal is activ ated by the lev er un- der the left side of the steering wheel. If the vehicle is equipped with a cruise con- trol, the controls for this are located on the turn signal lev er .
92 Instruments and Controls Windshield Wiper/W asher The wiper/washer functions are operated by the same switch. The wipers hav e a normal and a fast speed which are activ ated by moving the le ver down one or two posi- tions. T o let the wipers engage for one or two passes, lightly depress the lev er until the wipers start and hold it there.
Instruments and Controls 93 T ransmission Retarder If the vehicle is equipped with an Allison HD or MD transmission, the retarder lev er is located in front of the highbeam and windshield wiper/washer lever . Y ou can mov e this le ver to six dif ferent positions to set the lev el.
94 Instruments and Controls Left Switch Cluster This switch cluster has only one switch po- sition permanently filled. Other positions are for optional equipment.
Instruments and Controls 95 Headlight Flash Switch (option) The headlight flash switch will momentar- ily turn the headlights off when pressed. The switch will return when released, turn- ing headlights on again. This switch functions when either of Daytime Running Lights or low beam headlights are on.
96 Instruments and Controls P ower T ak e Off There are two basic types of PTOs a vail- able: engine mounted and transmission mounted. The transmission mounted PTO is clutch dependent, which means that opera- tion can be regulated by depressing or releasing the clutch pedal.
Instruments and Controls 97 PT O Speed Adjustment Hav e the PTO engaged before adjusting the speed. For the PTO speed adjustment to function, the Cruise Control or idle adjust can not be activ e, brake and clutch pedals must be released, and vehicle speed must be under approximately 5 mph (8 km/h).
98 Instruments and Controls Driving Light Switches Headlights The headlight switch controls parking lights and headlights. It is a two position rotary switch, turning on parking lights, cab marker lamps and taillights in the first posi- tion and turning on headlights in the second position.
Instruments and Controls 99 Driving and Fog Lights (option) Combinations of dri ving and fog lights can be mounted in standard locations in the aerodynamic bumper or from the underside of the steel bumper . These are operated by a switch next to the headlight switch.
100 Instruments and Controls Right Switch Cluster This switch cluster can hold up to six optional equipment switches. Planned func- tions are Marker Interrupt, Traction Control (TCS), Exhaust or Engine Brake and Heated Mirrors. W3000972 Marker Interrupt Switch The switch interrupts power to the marker lights when held down.
Instruments and Controls 101 Exhaust/Engine Brake When operating your tractor bob-tail without a trailer or on slippery roads, the engine brake switch must be in the “OFF” position. Failure to follow these instructions can result in loss of vehicle control and serious personal injury or death may occur .
102 Instruments and Controls Sev eral types of engine brakes can be in- stalled or are standard on certain engines. All are used to reduce wear on the vehicle brake linings. Exhaust Brake, V olvo Engine The exhaust brake is standard equipment on the V olvo engine.
Instruments and Controls 103 Heated Mirror Switch (option) The vehicle can be equipped with heated mirrors. The switch turns on an electric heater element that is a part of the mirror glass. The heater is self regulating and will keep a steady temperature after reaching operating temperature.
104 Instruments and Controls Pneumatic Switch Cluster The pneumatic switch cluster can hav e up to four optional equipment switches. The y regulate air flow directly to the following equipment: Differential Lock — Wheel and Interaxle, Air Suspension Lev el and Fifth Wheel Slide.
Instruments and Controls 105 Suspension Lev el CA UTION The vehicle must nev er be driven with the air springs deflated. Damage to air suspension parts will occur if springs are not inflated properly . Tractors with rear air suspension hav e a control for deflating the air springs.
106 Instruments and Controls Optional Switch Cluster The optional switch cluster can either be used for additional switches when the other clusters are used up or can be remov ed to house more radio equipment. The opening is a standard DIN radio slot.
Instruments and Controls 107 Miscellaneous Switches Horn Switches Electric and air horns are standard equip- ment. They are both operated from the steering wheel.
108 Graphic Display Graphic Display Overview T3010426 The display in the bottom left-hand corner of the instrument cluster presents opera- tional information to the driv er . The display menus and functions are selected with the controls on the right-hand side of the steer- ing wheel.
Graphic Display 109 Graphic Display Contr ols If the vehicle is in motion, use the dis- play controls carefully . Do not lose road concentration. Be familiar with operation of the controls. Shifting concentration to operating the controls can lead to losing control of the vehicle and may result in serious personal injury or death.
110 Graphic Display Changing Settings 1 The up/down buttons increase or re- duce the set values (e.g. hours and minutes in the adjacent example). 2 Pressing SELECT confirms the choice. 3 If there are sev eral settings to change in the same menu, the cursor is mov ed to the next setting using the up/down buttons (e.
Graphic Display 111 Graphic Display T elltales W3003534 1 V oltmeter ( page 156) 2 Engine oil temperature ( page 153) 3 Transmission oil temperature ( page 119) 4 Preheating active ( page 72) 5 Acknow.
112 Graphic Display Information and Stop Messages The information and stop messages work together with the INFO or STOP tell- tales below the Graphic Display .
Graphic Display 113 Information T elltale General The yellow INFO telltale lights up when an abnormal status is detected by an elec- tronic control unit. A telltale or text, or both, are shown in the display in addition to the INFO telltale. For certain telltales, a reference value is also shown.
114 Graphic Display T elltales The yellow INFO lights up and a telltale is shown in the graphic display , describing in what component the problem has occurred: Airbag The airbag (SRS) is described on page 57.
Graphic Display 115 Air Filter Block ed (option) When the telltale lights, the engine air filter is blocked. A blocked filter will cause higher fuel consumption and black smoke. T o replace air filter, see the Operator’s Manual, Maintenance and Engine .
116 Graphic Display T ransmission Oil T emperature This telltale lights when the transmission oil temperature is too high. It is sho wn with a text information about the temperature. See page 119 for more information. T3008831 Charging System This telltale lights when there is a problem in the charging system.
Graphic Display 117 Te x t The yellow INFO telltale lights up and information text is shown on the display . The text contains information on where the fault has occurred as well as the type of fault .
118 Graphic Display Data link broken: CHECK D A T A LINK BR OKEN T3008860 Not factory installed equipment: The following can be shown if equipment has been added by a customer and con- nected to the data link: MID (M essage IDentifier) = controller T o find more information on the data link diagnostic function, see page 131.
Graphic Display 119 T elltale + T ext The yellow INFO telltale lights up and information text together with a value is shown on the display . The text contains in- formation on where the fault has occ.
120 Graphic Display Stop T elltale In the ev ent of a serious fault, the red STOP telltale lights up and the buzzer sounds (if the engine is on). In addition to the STOP telltale, a symbol or text, or both, are shown in the display . A reference value is also shown for certain telltales.
Graphic Display 121 Engine Oil Pressure Failure to take necessary action when the STOP telltale is on, can ultimately result in automatic engine shutdown and loss of power steering assist. V ehicle crash resulting in personal injury or death can occur .
122 Graphic Display Te x t The red STOP telltale lights up and in- formation text flashes on the display . The buzzer sounds if the engine is running.
Graphic Display 123 T elltale + T ext The red STOP telltale lights up and in- formation text together with a value is shown on the display . The text contains in- formation on where the fault has occu.
124 Graphic Display Ackno wledg e Information and Stop Messages By pressing Esc, the display with the fault message is reset and the graphic display re- turns to the same status as before the error occurred. An acknowledged fault message is shown as a symbol on the right in the graphic display window .
Graphic Display 125 Recall An acknowledged fault message can be re- called, i.e. be shown on the graphic display again. MENU: F A UL TS? 1 SELECT confirms the choice of the menu F A UL TS? The last acknowl- edged fault message is shown. If there is more than one message, a down ar- row is shown in the right-hand corner .
126 Graphic Display Main Menu: Set-Up Mode The menu Set-up mode has 14 sub-menus where 6 are not protected by passwords and 8 are protected by passwords.
Graphic Display 127 Miles/ F/USgal or km/ C MENU: Set-up mode, Mi/ F/USgal or km/ C NO TE! If miles and Fahrenheit are chosen, the fuel consumption is shown in US gal- lons.
128 Graphic Display Clock f ormat MENU: Set-up mode, Clock format 1 Select the menu Set-up mode, Clock format and the following diagram is shown on the graphic display (with the particular setting highlighted): 2 The up/down buttons mo v e the cursor between the alternativ es.
Graphic Display 129 Backlight MENU: Set-up mode, Backlight NO TE! This setting affects the display brightness when the headlights or parking lights are on.
130 Graphic Display Night display MENU: Set-up mode, Night display 1 Select the menu Night display and the following diagram is shown on the display: 2 W ith the up/down buttons the setting switches between Normal and Re- verse . W ith the setting Normal the text is dark and the background light.
Graphic Display 131 Main Menu: System Diagnostic The menu System diagnostic has 3 sub- menus which are not protected by a password, and 1 sub-menu which is pro- tected by a password.
132 Graphic Display 1 The up/down buttons are used to mov e the cursor in the list. 2 SELECT confirms the selection of ECU or Reset all . 3 During the time that each respectiv e ECU is being called, the display shows the te xt: Data transfer in progress please wait 4 No faults in the chosen system: Press Esc to return to the previous menu.
Graphic Display 133 F ault codes are sho wn 1 If there is a fault code or codes the following is sho wn, for example: Line 1: Identification of ECU Line 2: Identification of parame- ter/component Line 3: Fault type identification ” 1” shows ho w many times the fault has been registered since the last resetting.
134 Graphic Display Numeric or text 1 Press SELECT when there are fault codes and the following menu is shown. Select numeric or text format (the function Reset will only be shown when the correct pas.
Graphic Display 135 The arrow in the lower , right-hand corner is shown if there is more than one fault code. The up/down b uttons mov e the cursor and the next fault code is shown. If the correct password has been entered, resetting can be done in Reset all , last in the list.
136 Graphic Display Time stamp 1 T o show the time when the fault code was set for the first and latest occasion respectiv ely , press SELECT when the particular fault code is presented (does not apply to ABS brakes or SRS airbag).
Graphic Display 137 Common Fault Codes MID Messages Supported (with text) MID code Description 128 Engine 130 Transmission 136 ABS 140 Instrument 144 Cab Controller 232 SRS (Airbag) Additional MID Mes.
138 Graphic Display Common SID code Description 233 Controller #2 236 Power contact de vice 237 Start enable solenoid 242 CC resume switch 243 CC set switch 244 CC enable switch 245 Clutch pedal switc.
Graphic Display 139 Brake SID code Description 1 ABS snsr axle 1 L 2 ABS snsr axle 1 R 3 ABS snsr axle 2 L 4 ABS snsr axle 2 R 5 ABS snsr axle 3 L 6 ABS snsr axle 3 R 7 ABS v alve axle 1 L 8 ABS v alv.
140 Graphic Display PPID (Proprietary Parameter ID) PPID Code Description 69 Buffered Idle Switch 70 Pedal Switches, Supply 71 Cruise Control and Retarder , Supply Switch 72 Accelerator Pedal and Reta.
Graphic Display 141 Cluster Self-T est MENU: System diagnostics, cluster self- test Four sub-menus are av ailable: • Bulb test • Gauge test • Display test • Buzzer test Cancel T est Press Esc in order to cancel the test. Bulb T est MENU: System diagnostic, Cluster self- test, Bulb test 1 Select Bulb test .
142 Graphic Display Gauge test MENU: System diagnostics, Cluster self- test, Gauge test 1 Select Gauge test . 2 The pointers mo ve back and forth a few times, between the end positions. They stop at the mid-point of the gauge before the test is complete, then return to zero.
Graphic Display 143 Buzzer test MENU: System diagnostic, Cluster self- test, Buzzer test 1 Select Buzzer test . 2 On the display , the name of the cur- rent sound is shown at the same time as the sound is activ ated. W ith the up/down b uttons you can switch be- tween the different sounds.
144 Graphic Display Part number MENU: System diagnostics, Part number A list of the vehicle’s electronic control units (ECUs) is shown in the menu Part number .
Graphic Display 145 5 The up/down buttons are used to mov e the cursor in the list. HW: ECU part number MID 128 HW ID V OL V O08192949P06 6 If there is a communication error , the following is sho wn .
146 Graphic Display Main Menu: Data Log Mode (V olv o Engine Only) Menu Data log mode has 4 sub-menus where 3 are not protected by passwords and 1 is protected by a password.
Graphic Display 147 T otals MENU: Data log mode, T otals 1 Select the menu Data log mode, T o- tals . 2 The menus that show T otals can be scrolled to using the up/down but- tons. T otal distance 406.7 mi NO TE! If km and C has been selected, the consumption is shown in liters.
148 Graphic Display T otal PTO hours 0.5 h T otal engine rev olutions 1 220 100 r 3 If the transfer should fail, the follow- ing message is shown: Cancel operation Press Esc in order to cancel the operation.
Graphic Display 149 T rip data (V olvo engine only) MENU: Data log mode, Trip data 1 Select the menu Data log mode, T rip . 2 The information below can be scrolled to using the up/down buttons. T rip distance 203.5 mi NO TE! If Miles and F has been se- lected, the consumption is shown in US gallons.
150 Graphic Display NO TE! If km and C has been se- lected, the consumption is shown in liters. T rip fuel uneconomy rev’s 8.5 gal T rip av erage speed 67.4 km/h T rip ov erspeed 0.2 h T rip engine hours 3.0 h T rip idle time 0.4 h NO TE! If km and C has been se- lected, the consumption is shown in liters.
Graphic Display 151 NO TE! If km and C has been se- lected, the consumption is shown in liters. T rip PTO fuel 20.4 gal T rip cruise 2.5 h 4 If the transfer should fail, the follow- ing message is shown: Cancel operation Press Esc in order to cancel the operation.
152 Graphic Display Main Menu: P assw or d Input Certain functions are password protected and there are two password lev els for the display (it is also possible to select not to protect functions wit.
Graphic Display 153 Main Menu: Gauge When the menu GA UGE has been se- lected, you switch between the various sub-menus with the up/down b uttons. • TEMPERA TURE, ENGINE OIL • TEMPERA TURE, TRANSM.
154 Graphic Display T emperature, transmission oil (option) MENU: GA UGE, TEMPERA TURE, TRANSMISSION OIL The transmission oil temperature is shown as in the diagram.
Graphic Display 155 Stop message Red STOP telltale If the temperature of the transmission oil becomes too high, a flashing stop message is shown automatically with the text TOO HIGH. At the same time the red STOP telltale under the display lights up and the warning signal sounds.
156 Graphic Display V oltmeter MENU: GA UGE, V OL TMETER The battery/charging v oltage is shown as in the diagram. If the battery/charging voltage becomes too low (below 9.
Graphic Display 157 Main Menu: Fuel Econom y (option) Menu FUEL ECONOMY has 2 sub- menus: • A V G/INST • LEG FUEL FUEL ECONOMY is chosen and then the up/down b uttons are used in order to change between the av ailable sub-menus. A V G/INST Fuel Economy MENU: FUEL ECONOMY , A V G/INST For setting metric or English value dis- plays, see page 126.
158 Graphic Display Reset fuel economy 1 Press SELECT in the menu A VG/INST . 2 A new te xt message in the form of a question is shown: RESET FUEL D A T A? Press SELECT to reset. When the le g’s fuel consumption is reset, the av erage fuel consumption will also be reset.
Graphic Display 159 Main Menu: Time/Distance Menu TIME/DIST has 4 sub-menus. • CLOCK • ALARM CLOCK • TRIPMETER • A VERA GE SPEED NO TE! Menu TIME/DIST is av ailable ev en when the ignition key is in the off po- sition. It is activ ated by keeping one of the control buttons on the wiper stalk pressed down for at least 1 second.
160 Graphic Display 4 Set the second digit in the minutes with the up/down buttons. Confirm the choice with SELECT . 5 Set the AM/PM (if the time format is 12h) with the up/down buttons. Con- firm the choice with SELECT . 12:00 Cancel setting When setting hours, Esc cancels the setting and the time is shown according to the pre- vious setting.
Graphic Display 161 Alarm cloc k MENU: TIME/DIST , ALARM CLOCK Setting the alar m cloc k: 1 T o set the alarm clock, press SELECT when the menu ALARM CLOCK is shown in the menu TIME/DIST . 2 Mov e the cursor to SET using the up/down b uttons. Press SELECT .
162 Graphic Display Ignition key in the off position When the ignition key is in the OFF posi- tion, if setting the alarm clock takes more than 30 seconds, the time which has been entered then applies. Switch off the alar m clock When the alarm clock goes off, the word ALARM flashes, the current time is shown and a warning signal sounds.
Graphic Display 163 T ripmeter MENU: TIME/DIST , TRIPMETER On the display in the menu TRIPMETER the distance driv en for Leg 1 and Le g 2 are shown. TRIP #1 43.6 mi #2 507.3 mi Reset tripmeter 1 Press SELECT in the menu TRIPME- TER . 2 A new text message with a question about the resetting of the tripmeter is shown.
164 Graphic Display Main Menu: F A UL TS? General When a fault occurs a fault message is shown on the graphic display . There are two types of fault messages: 1 Information messages 2 Stop messages The stop message is always more urgent than information messages.
Graphic Display 165 Information message The yellow INFO telltale lights up when an abnormal state or a risk situation is indi- cated. In addition to the telltale, a symbol or text is shown on the graphic display at the same time. For certain symbols, a mea- surement value is also shown.
166 Graphic Display Information symbols The yellow INFO telltale lights up and a symbol is sho wn on the graphic display: Airbag For airbag (SRS sys- tem) information, see page 57. T3008842 Overheating, in- struments The symbol will be shown when the tem- perature in the instrument cluster ex- ceeds 92 C (198 F).
Graphic Display 167 W ar ning, tem- perature engine oil If the engine oil tem- perature becomes too high, a stop message is shown automatically with the text TOO HIGH. The engine out- put is reduced. The temperature limit which activ ates this warning varies for dif ferent en- gines.
168 Heating and Air Conditioning General Three lev els of the cab climate systems are av ailable. They can be identified by the ap- pearance of the control panel. The basic system is a heater and defroster unit only . The heater unit has a rating of at least 40 000 Btu.
Heating and Air Conditioning 169 Climate Unit Main Control P anel F an Speed Control The fan has four speeds and can also be shut off. W ith the fan control in the 0 posi- tion, air still flows out of the dash vents if the vehicle is moving at highway speeds and if the Fresh Air Control is set for out- side air intake.
170 Heating and Air Conditioning Air Distr ib ution Control The air distribution control is used to direct the air flow to either the dash vents, floor vents or defroster vents. The lev er has de- tentes in the outer and middle positions so that it can be set without looking at the panel.
Heating and Air Conditioning 171 W8001078.
172 Heating and Air Conditioning F resh Air Control The top slide lev er is the Fresh Air/Recirculation Control. The settings can be anywhere from full fresh air intake to only recirculated air . Settings can be chosen anywhere in between to giv e the desired flow of air .
Heating and Air Conditioning 173 T emperature Control The bottom slide lev er is the T emperature Control which operates the coolant control valv e. In the leftmost position the flow of coolant is shut off by the control valv e, which means no heat from the climate unit.
174 Heating and Air Conditioning A/C Control When the vehicle is equipped with air con- ditioning, the control panel has a button for engaging the air conditioning compressor . This button is marked with a snowflake symbol. When the A/C is engaged, the green LED light in the button is on.
Heating and Air Conditioning 175 A/C A utomatic Control When the vehicle is equipped with Auto- matic T emperature Control (A TC), the control panel has a button, marked with aut , for engaging the electronic control unit. When A TC is engaged, the green LED light in the button is on.
176 Heating and Air Conditioning Air V ents A Closed B Open C Lateral Air Flow D V ertical Air Flow When heating the cab, all vents should be closed. Howe ver , the vents on the outer parts of the dash can be used for defrosting the cab door windows.
Heating and Air Conditioning 177 Cab V entilation V entilation Guidelines If at any time there is any doubt that ex- haust fumes are entering the cab, hav e the cause of the fumes determined and cor- rected as soon as possible. If the v ehicle must be driv en under these conditions, driv e only with all windows open.
178 Heating and Air Conditioning Cab Air Filter Air going into the cab passes a filter lo- cated on the right, front side of the cab. Remov e the filter and clean with an air gun (no more than 20 psi pressure) after 40 000 miles (64 000 km), (in dusty conditions as often as ev ery 10 000 miles [16 000 km]).
Heating and Air Conditioning 179 A/C Diagnostic Module Problem Codes The diagnostic module has two LED lights (one green and one red) which indicate if a system problem has been detected. If a problem is detected, a fault code or “blink” code is activ ated to identify the condition.
180 Seats General Sev eral different seats can be used in the vehicles. If the seat installed in the vehicle is not explained in this section, look for the seat manufacturer’s manual in the Owner’s Package.
Seats 181 National Standard Seat Adjustments 1 Backrest tilt: By rotating the round handle, the backrest recline angle can be adjusted within 12 degrees. 2 Cushion front tilt and length: Pulling the handle up and out adjusts the tilt and length of the seat cushion.
182 Seats V olv o Standard Seat Adjustments 1 Fore and aft mov ement: Press the con- trol down to unlock the seat cushion. Mov e seat cushion fore or aft to a new position. 2 Cushion front tilt: Push the control down and adjust the tilt of the seat cushion.
Seats 183 National Stationar y Seat For the passenger side, there is the option of a stationary seat. The base of the seat is a storage box that is accessed by lifting the seat cushion up.
184 Cab Interior Interior/Reading Lights F ront Of Cab The cab is equipped with separate and com- bined interior and reading lights in various locations in the cab . The front seat o verhead lights can be turned on at any time using the switch in the fixture.
Cab Interior 185 Storage Compartment Heavy objects must be stored secured to the floor . Storage compartments are de- signed for lighter personal effects only . In the e vent of a collision, hea vy , unse- cured objects in overhead storage can come loose and cause sev ere personal in- jury or death to the dri v er or passengers.
186 Cab Interior Cup Holders There is also a cup holder in the middle of the dash. T o open, press the top part of the lid in and the lid will fold out. T o close, press the lid in until the latch closes. There are also two cupholders molded into the engine cover .
Communication and Enter tainment 187 Antennas Multiband Antenna There are antennas mounted on the top of the mirror brackets for wideband reception. They receiv e or send signals for radio, CB and telephone. Each antenna carries multi- ple wire windings that work together with mirror bracket devices to cov er the needs of many uses.
188 Communication and Enter tainment Communications signals that trav el to and from the antennas go through the antenna multiplex er . Coaxial cables for the cellular phone, CB radio and radio are included in the multiplex er system – all using the same set of antennas.
Communication and Enter tainment 189 Communication Equipment CB Radio There is an optional platform provided for a CB radio on top of the dash. The unit is held in place with a strap which can ac- commodate a v ariety of sizes. For electrical hook-up, see page 255.
190 Fuel Econom y Driving Fuel Econom y General The absolute fuel consumption (counted in miles per US gallon or liters per 100 kilo- meters) is determined by a lar ge number of circumstances which ca.
Fuel Econom y Driving 191 Driveline Combination Engine, transmission and final driv e must be selected in such a way that the engine can operate within the economic speed range at normal dri ving speed. This range is defined as where the engine makes the best use of the ener gy content of the diesel fuel.
192 Fuel Econom y Driving Gross V ehicle W eight The gross vehicle weight of a vehicle com- bination has a large impact on the rolling resistance. Accessories As a rule, accessories such as roof rack, ad- vertising signs, bug screens, e xposed air horns, etc.
Fuel Econom y Driving 193 Axles An axle out of alignment will increase rolling resistance. Regularly check the front wheel alignment and axles on both the trac- tor and trailer/semi-trailer . If they are correct, there will be less rolling resistance and, therefore, lower fuel consumption.
194 Fuel Econom y Driving External Environment Under unfav orable conditions, the external en vironment can hav e a negati v e effect on fuel consumption.
Fuel Econom y Driving 195 Driving Habits The way in which a vehicle is being driv en is the one factor which has the greatest in- fluence on fuel consumption.
196 Fuel Econom y Driving A void High Engine Speeds High engine speeds mean high fuel con- sumption. Jerky driving also increases fuel consumption when the v ehicle is constantly accelerated and slowed down. A void a higher consumption by steady , ev en driving.
Engine Start and Operation 197 Starting the Engine Star t Procedure NO TE! For cold weather starting, see page 202. These starting and operating procedures should be follo wed for all engines. For more detailed information about design and function on a non-V olvo engine, read the Operator’s Manual from the engine manu- facturer .
198 Engine Star t and Operation 1 Before starting the engine, perform the engine pre-trip inspection and daily maintenance checks in “Pre-Trip In- spection and Daily Maintenance” starting on page 28. 2 Make sure the parking brakes are en- gaged. 3 Place the transmission in neutral or depress the clutch pedal.
Engine Start and Operation 199 5 T urn the key on to the start position. Release key as soon as the engine has started. For the V olvo engine, the pre- heater can be engaged to help starting in cold temperatures.
200 Engine Star t and Operation Stopping the Engine Allow the engine to slow down and idle for 3 to 5 minutes before shutting it of f. This allows the turbo to slow do wn and the cooling system to dissipate the engine heat. Switch the engine off by turning the igni- tion key to the O , or OFF , position.
Engine Start and Operation 201 Ignition Switch The ignition switch is located on the right side of the steering column just under the steering wheel. Standard equipment is a normal ignition switch. A steering wheel lock is av ailable as an op- tion. When the key is remo ved it actuates a detente pin that prevents the steering shaft from turning.
202 Engine Star t and Operation Cold W eather Star t and Operation V olvo Engine Cold Star t NO TE! These cold start instructions are for V olvo engines only . For other engine makes, see the manufacturer’s handbook. Do not use ether or similar starting aids in a V olvo or any other engine with start help.
Engine Start and Operation 203 Coolant T emperature Pr eheater Engagement Time (seconds) Abov e +120 F (50 C) 0 Abov e +50 F (10 C) 0 Between +4 F (-15 C) and +50 F (10 C) 25 ± 2 to 50 ± 2 Below +4 F (-15 C) 50 When the engine has started, the preheater may be re-engaged to assist in faster engine warm-up.
204 Engine Star t and Operation Ether Star t Do not use ether or similar starting aids in a V olvo or any other engine with start help. The V olvo engine is equipped with a preheater .
Engine Start and Operation 205 Cold Weather Operation If the engine is in good mechanical condi- tion and the necessary preparations are taken for cold weather operation, ordinary cold weather will not cause difficulty in starting or loss of efficienc y .
206 Engine Star t and Operation • During cold weather , giv e more atten- tion to the condition of the batteries. T est them frequently to ensure suffi- cient power for starting. A dead battery may freeze. • Fuel cloud point is the temperature at which wax crystals become visible, which is generally abov e the pour point of the fuel.
Engine Start and Operation 207 Oil Pan Heater (option) Oil pan heaters aid low temperature starting by improving oil flow to critical parts in the engine. This helps prev ent engine wear . They are similar to block heaters and are wired into the same plug as the engine coolant heater .
208 Engine Star t and Operation Winterfront V olvo Trucks North America, Inc. does not recommend the use of winterfronts, shutters or any other shield in front of the grille or radiator package under normal circum- stances. T oday’s electronically controlled engines are designed to operate in cold tempera- tures without a winterfront.
Engine Start and Operation 209 Engine Operation General Proper operation, driving techniques and maintenance are key factors in obtaining the maximum life and economy from a modern turbocharged diesel engine. This section has operational information about the components that make up the engine.
210 Engine Star t and Operation The operator should understand the operat- ing characteristics of the engine the vehicle is equipped with. Modern diesel engines hav e maximum torques at much lo wer en- gine speeds than in the past. As such, these engines are designed to perform satisfacto- rily at a lower speed.
Engine Start and Operation 211 Engine Shut-Down System Failure to take the necessary precautions when the INFO or STOP telltales are on, can ultimately result in automatic engine shut-down and the loss of po wer steering.
212 Engine Star t and Operation Engine Overspeed This vehicle is equipped with a diesel en- gine and should not be operated in an area with a concentration of hydrocarbon vapors (for example gasoline or diesel fuel fumes). Be especially cautious of low-lying or closed-in areas.
Engine Start and Operation 213 Idling All engines in the VHD models are elec- tronically gov erned engines. The idle speed is pre-programmed from the manufacturer . Low idle speed is adjustable within certain limits (for most engines between 600 to 750 r/min).
214 Engine Star t and Operation Low Idle Adjustment If the engine coolant temperature is abov e 122 F (50 C), the vehicle is stationary (en- gine running; accelerator released; parking brake on) and the PTO not engaged, the en- gine low idle speed can be adjusted with the use of the cruise control function.
Engine Start and Operation 215 Idle Shutdown Timer The idle shutdown timer can be pro- grammed to shut the engine down after a specific engine idling time. The program can not be changed by the operator b ut requires a special tool (Pro-Link) that con- nects to the engine electronic control unit.
216 Engine Star t and Operation Uphill Operation For best performance, allow engine speed to reach the bottom of the rated torque range before downshifting. Continue to downshift in this manner until a gear is reached that will maintain the desired speed.
Engine Start and Operation 217 High Altitude Operation Engines lose power when operated at high altitude because the air is too thin to allow burning as much fuel as at sea lev el. For naturally aspirated engines, this loss is about 3 percent per 1000 feet (300 m) in- crease in altitude abov e sea lev el.
218 Engine Star t and Operation Cruise Control Do not use the cruise control in heavy traffic, with ice/sno w on the road or dur- ing other unfav orable conditions. This may lead to a loss of vehicle control, causing a vehicle crash and can result in personal injury or death.
Engine Start and Operation 219 Disengaging The cruise control is disengaged if the brake or clutch pedal is depressed, or if the cruise control switch is set to OFF . If the ignition key is turned back to the acces- sories position (R), the cruise control system will automatically be disengaged.
220 Engine Star t and Operation Fuel T ank(s) T ank Cap Do not remov e the fuel tank cap near an open flame. Diesel fuel vapors are com- bustible and can cause an explosion or fire, resulting in sev ere personal injury or death. The fuel tank caps hav e a pressure and a thermal relief function built into the cap.
Engine Start and Operation 221 Fueling Air is always present inside the fuel tanks, entering mainly through the tank ventila- tion. W ith the air being heated up and cooled down, condensation is formed and water is mixed in the fuel. T o av oid con- densation when the vehicle is parked for longer periods, fill the tanks up to 95% of capacity .
222 Clutch and T ransmission Clutch General Before starting the engine, set the park- ing brakes and place the transmission in neutral. Failure to do so can result in un- expected v ehicle mov ement and can cause serious personal injury and death. Do not allow the clutch to slip excessi vely .
Brakes 223 Brakes Brake Saf ety Information Do not inspect or adjust parts or compo- nents in the brake system without setting the parking brake, placing the transmis- sion in neutral and securely chocking the wheels. If the vehicle is not secured to prev ent uncontrolled vehicle mov ement, it could roll and cause severe personal injury or death.
224 Brakes Do not release the parking brake or at- tempt to mov e the vehicle until brake air pressure in both circuits is at least 100 psi (690 kPa). Failure to follow this pro- cedure may lead to uncontrolled vehicle mov ement and cause sev ere personal in- jury or death.
Brakes 225 Both circuits are piped into a dual brake valv e, which simultaneously applies front and rear axle service brakes during each brake application. In the e vent of a failure in either one of the circuits, the other cir- cuit becomes the emergenc y circuit for applying the brakes.
226 Brakes Brake System Controls The air compressor , gov ernor , pressure reg- ulator valv e and reservoirs are control devices. Their function is to build up, maintain and control air pressure in the reservoirs. This is so that pressure is held constant between the minimum and maxi- mum range established for air brake operation.
Brakes 227 From the operator’s viewpoint, operating the foot brake valv e of a vehicle equipped with air brakes differs v ery little from the operation of a con ventionally braked vehi- cle.
228 Brakes 4 In making a stop or a slow-do wn, al- low the transmission to remain in gear with the throttle closed, disengaging the clutch only when engine idling speed is reached. 5 When parking the vehicle, place the transmission in neutral and set the parking brake before shutting do wn the engine.
Brakes 229 Parking Brake/T railer Supply V alves Trucks/T ractors may have two air control valv es on the instrument panel: • Trailer Supply (red octagonal knob) • System Park (yello w diamond knob) The two air control valv es are intercon- nected and interacting.
230 Brakes Parking Brake Release VHD models hav e engines equipped with engine electronic control units (EECU). These have two features that may impact the brake system. One is the anti-stall de- vice in the EECU which senses torque demand and automatically controls the en- gine to compensate and maintain speed.
Brakes 231 There is also an engine shut-down device in the EECU that shuts the engine down af- ter a pre-programmed time in order to sa ve fuel. This is activ ated when the yellow parking brake knob is pulled out. There- fore, some driv ers park and release the parking brakes using only the red knob to keep the engine running.
232 Brakes Spring Brake For Parking Nev er leav e the vehicle without being certain the parking brakes are set or that other precautions are taken to prev ent the vehicle from rolling.
Brakes 233 There are sev eral ways to determine if the parking brakes hav e been set. By pulling out the yellow knob: • An audible rush of air will be heard when the parking brake knob is pulled. The air exhausts from the park brake valv e itself and from the spring brake chambers on the rear axle(s).
234 Brakes T railer Brake Hand Control The trailer hand brake control is not a parking brake valv e and must not be used as one. This brake is not designed to hold the vehicle stationary . Failure to follow these instructions can result in the unintentional mov ement of the vehicle and may cause personal injury or death.
Brakes 235 The “121” Brake Standard This manual refers occasionally to “121” brakes. Although some operators belie ve “121” only applies to vehicles equipped with anti-lock devices, the “121” standard applies to all vehicles that are capable of on-highway operation.
236 Brakes Antilock Braking System (ABS) The vehicle has a standard brake system, equipped with an electronic speed monitor- ing and control system, Antilock Braking System (ABS). ABS monitors wheel speed continuously b ut is not in volv ed in control- ling the wheel speed unless there is an emergenc y .
Brakes 237 During emergenc y or reduced-traction stops, fully depress the foot brake pedal un- til the vehicle comes to a safe stop. DO NO T PUMP the brake pedal. W ith the brake pedal fully depressed, the ABS will control all wheels to provide steering con- trol and a reduced braking distance.
238 Brakes T raction Control System (TCS) (option) The Traction Control System (TCS) uses the same wheel sensors as the ABS to de- termine if one set of drive wheels is spinning much more rapidly than the wheel set on the other side.
Brakes 239 V ehicle Speed Retardation De vices When operating a tractor bobtail (with- out a trailer) or on slippery roads, the engine brake switch must be in the “ OFF ” position. Failure to follo w this instruction can result in loss of vehicle control and serious personal injury or death.
240 Brakes V olvo Exhaust Brake The exhaust brake is standard on the V olvo D12 engine. It is used to reduce wear on the brake linings. The exhaust brake is most effecti v e at high engine speeds (1500 to 2300 r/min). The exhaust brake is auto- matically disengaged if the engine speed drops to or below 1100 r/min.
Brakes 241 V olvo Engine Brake (option) The V olvo Engine Brake (VEB) has a higher braking effect than the exhaust brake. The engine brake is most effecti ve at high engine speeds (1500 to 2300 r/min). It is automatically disengaged if engine speed drops below 1100 r/min.
242 Brakes Jake-Brake Or C-Brake The Jake-Brake or C-Brake is optional equipment for Cummins, and Detroit en- gines. These engine brakes are similar in operation. Three power le vels are a vailable by engaging 2, 4, or 6 cylinders when brak- ing (for Cummins M11, only two power lev els are av ailable).
Brakes 243 T ransmission Retarder The Transmission Retarder is an option with Allison HD and MD transmissions. It is activ ated by an on/off switch in the aux- iliary panel and is controlled by a stalk switch mounted in front of the wiper switch. Y ou can set 6 different le v els with the stalk switch.
244 Electrical System Electrical System General Safety Guidelines W ARNING Failure to repair a malfunction in the electrical system can result in serious damage due to vehicle fire. Always let an experienced electrical technician perform repairs. Always determine the source of the fault; do not just treat the symptoms.
Electrical System 245 Charging System An alternator with an integrated re gulator is used to supply power to the vehicle electri- cal system. The charging system voltage should be checked periodically to prev ent ov ercharging or undercharging the batteries and to detect any voltage drop in the wiring.
246 Electrical System There may be three or four batteries in- stalled. Always make sure the batteries are fastened properly in the box. When disconnecting battery terminals, al- ways disconnect the main ground terminal first. When reconnecting, always connect the main ground terminal last.
Electrical System 247 Battery J ump Star ting and Charging T o access the batteries on a vehicle equipped with side fairings, open the fair- ing access cov er . On the second battery from the front there are special, longer posts installed to accept jumper cables.
248 Electrical System Charging the Batter y High voltage machines that are used for work on the vehicle can do damage to the electrical system, especially to its electronic components.
Electrical System 249 Electronic Components CA UTION Electronic circuits and components are designed to sense voltage dif ferences smaller than 1 volt. While static electric- ity is not normally dangerous to humans, it can seriously damage electronic cir- cuits and components.
250 Electrical System CA UTION If there are other ground cables con- nected to the battery (such as engine ECU, etc.), disconnect those ground ca- bles first, then remo ve the main battery ground cable. Electronic modules may be damaged when additional grounds are connected/disconnected without the main battery ground connected.
Electrical System 251 • Attach the welder ground cable as close to the weld area as possible (6 inches or less from the place being welded). • Do not connect the welder ground ca- ble to the EECU or its cooling plate.
252 Electrical System Battery Protection System (option) An electronic battery monitor (“Battery Lifeguard”) may be installed in the electri- cal center . This monitor will disconnect certain circuits if it senses that the battery voltage falls under a safe charging le vel.
Electrical System 253 Electrical Center W8000923 The electrical center is located in the mid- dle of the dash. All the relays and fuses in the cab are collected here.
254 Electrical System The fuses and relays are all accessible un- der the top cov er on the dash. W3002526 One type of fuse in the ne w electrical cen- ter are termed “mini-fuses” and require a puller tool to remov e from the fuse block. The puller tool is part of the Owner’s Pack- age.
Electrical System 255 P ower Studs On the passenger side of the dash are power studs for a CB hook-up. These studs are standard equipment. For a proper hook- up, use fork type connectors on the wires or use “banana” plugs. CA UTION If stripped wire ends are used, make sure there are no wire strands that can bridge between the studs.
256 P o wer Steering General The power steering consists of an inte- grated gear and hydraulic power c ylinder , and a power steering pump with fluid con- tainer . The pump, driv en by the engine, provides hydraulic pressure to the power steering. If the engine is not working, the steering is only manual.
P ower Steering 257 Periodically check the power steering fluid reservoir and keep it filled to the proper lev el with the recommended fluid. See the “ Operator’s Manual, Maintenance and En- gine ” for more information. There is also a filter inside the reservoir that needs to be changed every 12 months.
258 Axles and Wheels Axles Differential Loc ks The driv e axle(s) may be equipped with differential locks. The single driv e axle will only hav e a wheel differential lock. W ith tandem driv e axles, there could be both wheel differential locks and an inter-axle differential lock.
Axles and Wheels 259 Engaging the differential locks must always be done in the following way (see page 104 for switch location): 1 Depress the clutch pedal.
260 Axles and Wheels Auxiliary Lift Axle Before raising or lowering any of the auxiliary axles, be certain no one can be trapped by the axle mov ement. Failure to do so can result in a person being trapped between the wheel and the body , or between the wheel and the ground, resulting in serious personal injury or death.
Axles and Wheels 261 Wheels General Due to the size, equipment needed and the procedures used to change wheels, this should be done through the V olvo Truck dealer . By having an expert technician per- form this procedure, personal injury and property damage may be av oided.
262 Axles and Wheels Inflating Tires Always check inflation pressures when the tires are cool, using an accurate tire pres- sure gauge. Check the pressures at regular intervals. CA UTION Nev er bleed the air from hot tires. In- creased tire pressure measured in a hot tire is normal.
Axles and Wheels 263 Wheel Bearing Adjustment For reliable operation and adequate service life, the wheel bearings must be properly adjusted and checked during the service pe- riod. Loose wheel bearings could cause premature tire wear and possibly affect ve- hicle handling.
264 Fifth Wheel Instructions Fifth Wheel General Information The standard fifth wheel is manufactured by ASF . Other fifth wheels av ailable as op- tions are Holland and Fontaine. Things to think about with trailer hook-up: • Check the load distribution between axles.
Fifth Wheel Instructions 265 Saf ety Inf or mation Follo w the instructions on the advisory la- bels attached to the v arious manufacturers’ fifth wheels. An operator’s manual from the manufacturer is supplied with each fifth wheel and is provided in the Owner’s pack- age.
266 Fifth Wheel Instructions Locked — This is the position that the fifth wheel will be in with a trailer hooked up. In the locked position, the operating rod is retracted and the safety latch will freely swing back and forth. W9000180 Lockset — This is the position the fifth wheel is in when uncoupling the trailer .
Fifth Wheel Instructions 267 Fifth Wheel Slider (option) The fifth wheel comes standard with an air operational slider . T o remain within legal weight limits, this feature allows the driv er to distrib ute the load easily on the axles. The air operated slider takes the work out of adjusting the tractor for various trailer loads.
268 Fifth Wheel Instructions Unlocking the Fifth Wheel Always check out the entire fifth wheel equipment before attempting to couple to a trailer (ASF fifth wheel is shown): • If not lubricated properly , add grease to the top of the fifth wheel plate.
Fifth Wheel Instructions 269 When the shoulder of the operating rod is outside of the operating slot, raise the oper- ating rod handle to its maximum upward position. W9000242 Release the operating rod. The upper shoul- der of the operating rod should now be in contact with the plate casting above the op- erating slot.
270 Fifth Wheel Instructions T railer Coupling Pr ocedures This procedure cov ers vehicles with and without air suspension. Failure to properly couple the tractor and trailer can result in their separation, causing death and property damage.
Fifth Wheel Instructions 271 Make sure the mounting of the fifth wheel to the tractor frame is tight and in good condition. If using a sliding fifth wheel, make sure the slide locking plungers are fully engaged. W9000205 Chock the trailer wheels. Use two chocks (both on the front and rear of the wheel) on both sides of the trailer .
272 Fifth Wheel Instructions Connect the air brake lines and the electri- cal power cord. Make sure that any slack in the lines is supported so that the brake lines do not become entangled. Set the trailer brakes by pulling out the Trailer Supply control on the dashboard.
Fifth Wheel Instructions 273 CA UTION A direct visual check is required to en- sure proper coupling. Se veral types of improper couplings will pass the initial pull test. Sound is not reliable. Do not take for granted that you are properly coupled. Get out of the cab and look.
274 Fifth Wheel Instructions Make sure the operating rod is fully re- tracted, the safety latch is positioned abov e the handle and the latch swings freely . If the fifth wheel is equipped with a manual secondary lock, check to see that it is prop- erly engaged.
Fifth Wheel Instructions 275 T railer Uncoupling Procedures For T ractors With Air Ride Suspension: Set the system park brake on the tractor . Set the trailer brakes by pulling out the trailer air supply knob . W5000921 Chock the trailer wheels. Use two chocks (one on the front and one on the rear of the wheel) on both sides of the trailer .
276 Fifth Wheel Instructions Disconnect the light cord and air brake lines. Use the dummy air couplings to keep foreign material from entering the brake lines. Unlock the fifth wheel. NO TE! If the operating rod is too difficult to pull, back the tractor up slightly to re- liev e any kingpin load against the fifth wheel jaw .
Fifth Wheel Instructions 277 W ait about 30 seconds for the air springs to deflate. W9000238 W ith the suspension lowered, pull clear of the trailer and immediately select the “RIDE” position (press the top part of the switch in) on the suspension control.
278 Fifth Wheel Instructions For T ractors Without Air Ride Suspension: Set the system park brake on the tractor . Set the trailer brakes by pulling out the trailer air supply knob . W5000921 Chock the trailer wheels. Use two chocks (both on the front and rear of the wheel) on both sides of the trailer .
Fifth Wheel Instructions 279 Disconnect the light cord and air brake lines. Use the dummy air couplings to keep foreign material from entering the brake lines. Unlock the fifth wheel. NO TE! If the operating rod is too difficult to pull, back the tractor up slightly to re- liev e any kingpin load against the fifth wheel jaw .
280 Fifth Wheel Instructions Operating the Fifth Wheel Slider W ARNING The trailer must be stopped and the trailer brakes locked, or damage to the tractor and/or trailer may result from un- controlled sliding of the fifth wheel. Stop the tractor and trailer in a straight line on lev el ground.
Fifth Wheel Instructions 281 Slowly dri v e the tractor forward or back- ward to position the fifth wheel. After sliding the fifth wheel to the desired position, engage the slide locking plungers by moving the cab switch to the “LOCK” position (press in the top part of the switch).
282 Emergency Inf ormation T owing Pr ocedure General CA UTION The driv eshaft must be remov ed before towing the v ehicle. Failure to remov e the driv eshaft may result in damage to the transmission. Remov e the driv e shaft from the rear axle before moving the vehicle, unless it only needs to be moved a small distance for safety reasons.
Emergency Inf ormation 283 W ARNING Do not tow a vehicle backwards when equipped with roof air fairings. The fair- ings act as an air scoop and may break off. F ailure to follow this warning may lead to personal injury and vehicle dam- age. W ARNING V ehicles with air fairings or large super- structures are tall.
284 Emergency Inf ormation T owing Instructions W ARNING If the vehicle becomes disabled, it is very important to tow it properly . Failure to do so can cause damage to the frame and body parts.
Emergency Inf ormation 285 Caging Spr ing Brak e Chambers The parking spring brake chambers may be released mechanically if there is no com- pressed air av ailable. Always start by chocking the wheels to prev ent the vehicle from rolling. Chock- ing the wheels is important since you hav e to work under the vehicle.
286 Emergency Inf ormation Install the washer and nut. Tighten the nut. This compresses the brake chamber spring and releases the parking brake. Do not attempt in an y way to disassem- ble or tamper with the spring brake chamber . If the force stored on the spring is suddenly released, it can cause serious personal injury or death.
Service Information 287 Service Assistance and Manuals Y our V olvo Truck dealer is trained and equipped to perform expert service on your V olvo vehicle. Y our dealer has direct access to V olvo Trucks North America, Inc. for technical help, parts or service information.
288 Ser vice Inf ormation T o order a single Service Manual or a Ser- vice Manual Set for your vehicle, you should contact your authorized V olv o Truck dealer or fax a request to the V olvo T ruck North America, Inc. publications warehouse [Fax: (336) 668–3625].
Index 289 Index A ABS T elltale . ....... .. 8 2 Acknowledge Information and Stop Messages . . ....... . 1 2 4 Additional Safety Features . . . 46 Air Conditioning ....... 1 6 8 Air Filters, Cab ....... 1 7 8 Air Suspension Gauge . . . . . 84 Air Suspension T elltale .
290 Index Engine Serial Number Location, V olv o Engine . ....... . 1 8 Engine Shut-Down System . . 211 Engine Start and Operation . . 197 Engine Start Procedure .... 1 9 7 Engine Stopping ....... 2 0 0 Entering Behind Cab ..... . 2 4 Entering the Cab .
Index 291 P Parking Brake ....... . 2 2 9 Parking Brake T elltale . . . . . 81 Parking Spring Brake .... . 2 3 2 Power Outlets, 12 V ..... 2 5 5 Power Steering ....... . 2 5 6 Power Steering, General . . . . 256 Power Studs . ........ 2 5 5 Pre-Trip Inspection and Daily Maintenance .
292 Index Trailer Supply V alve ..... 2 2 9 Trailer Uncoupling ...... 2 7 5 Transmission Retarder .... 2 4 3 T urbo Boost Pressure Gauge . . . 71 T urn Signal . . ....... . 9 1 U Uphill Operation ....... 2 1 6 V V ehicle Access . ....... . 1 9 V endor Component Information .
If you should require breakdown assistance and need to contact facilities for towing or repair , the V AS support center is available 24 hours per day , 7 days per week at A V olvo 1-800-528-6586. Customer Support Specialist will answer your questions or arrange for the assistance you need.
P .O. B o x 26115, Greensboro, NC 27402-6115 6490 V ipond Drive, Mississauga, Ont ario L5T 1W8 http://www .volvotrucks.volvo.com V olvo T rucks North America, Inc.
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