Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product R2020 Netopia
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Net opia ® R2020 Du al Anal og R outer f f f f o o o o r r r r d d d d a a a a t t t t a a a a c c c c o o o o m m m m m m m m u u u u n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Us.
Copyright Copyright 1999, Netopia, Inc. v .799 All rights reser ved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated ar twork, software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reser ved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or par t, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc.
G B Contents ....................................................................................... i Configuration options for your Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router.. 1 1. Small Of fice connection to the Internet ........................... 2 2. Small Of fice connection to the Internet .
ii User’ s Reference Guide Sharing the Connection .................................................. 3-9 Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers ........................................................... 3-9 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers .
Contents iii G Navigating through the System Configuration scr eens ....... 7-8 System Configuration features ........................................ 7-8 Network Protocols Setup..................................... 7-10 Filter Sets (Firewalls) ....
iv User’ s Reference Guide Encr yption suppor t ........................................................ 9-7 VPN Default Answer Profile ............................................. 9-8 VPN QuickView ................................................
Contents v G Fir mware upgrades and NA T ....................................... 10-28 IP subnets................................................................. 10-29 Static routes ............................................................. 10-31 IP address ser ving .
vi User’ s Reference Guide Chapter 13 — Monitoring T ools ............................................... 13-1 Quick View status over view .......................................... 13-1 General Status .............................................
Contents vii G IPX packet filters .............................................. 14-22 IPX packet filter sets ........................................ 14-23 IPX SAP filters .................................................. 14-25 IPX SAP filter sets .
viii User’ s Reference Guide Uploading configuration files ............................. 15-12 Restar ting the system ................................................ 15-13 Part III: Appendixes 15 Appendix A — Troubleshooting ...................
Contents ix G Example: Working with a Class C subnet ................ C-5 Distributing IP addresses ............................................... C-5 T echnical note on subnet masking ......................... C-6 Configuration ....................
x User’ s Reference Guide.
Configuration options for your Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router The Netopia R2020 can be used in dif ferent ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or mor e of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) ■ “1.
1. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Of fice connections to the Inter net, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address T ranslation (NA T) enabled, you should use the following configuration option: ■ the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R2020 CD.
2. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Of fice connections to the Inter net, using a block of IP addresses (Network Addr ess T ranslation disabled), you should use the following configuration tool: ■ Easy Setup configuration using console-based management.
3. Dir ect Connection to a Corporate Office (T elecommuter) For direct connections to a Corporate Of fice, you can use either one of two configuration options: ■ If you will be using Network Address T ranslation, use the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R2020 CD.
4. Configur ed to accept incoming dial-up connections T o configure the Netopia R2020 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following configuration method: ■ T o create one or mor e dial-in Connection Profiles for each dial-in user , see “Creating a new Connection Profile” on page 7-2 .
5. Configur ed for two onboard and one external modem on the Auxiliar y port T o configure the Netopia R2020 to use the two onboar d modems and a thir d exter nal modem on the Auxiliar y serial por t, you should use the following configuration options.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I : : : : G G G G e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g S S S S t t t t a a a a r r r r t t t t e e e e d d d d.
User’ s Reference Guide.
Introduction 1-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 II I I n n n n t t t t r r r r o o o o d d d d u u u u c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Overview The Netopia R202.
1-2 User’ s Reference Guide T ranslation (MultiNA T) adds significant flexibility and security for a wide range of applications. ■ 1-to-1 static NA T mapping ■ Multiple Many-to-1 NAPT mappings on a single inter face.
Making the Physical Connections 2-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 2 2 2 2 M M M M a a a a k k k k ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e P P P P h h h h y y y y s s s.
2-2 User’ s Reference Guide Windows and Macintosh, ZT er m ter minal emulator softwar e and NCSA T elnet 2.6 for Macintosh Y ou will need: ■ A Windows 95-based PC or a Macintosh with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia R2020. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on car d, with TCP/IP installed and configur ed.
Making the Physical Connections 2-3 If you have two phone lines on a single wall outlet, this is the only T elco connection you need to make. The pinout configuration for the lines on the Line 1 por t is shown in the following diagram: Y our first T elco number is car ried on the inner pair and the second number on the outer pair .
2-4 User’ s Reference Guide Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router Back Panel Ports The figure below displays the back of the Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router.
Making the Physical Connections 2-5 The following table describes all the Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router back panel por ts. Por t Description Power por t a mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. Line 1 por t a red RJ-11 telephone jack labelled “Line 1".
2-6 User’ s Reference Guide Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router Status Lights The figure below r epresents the Netopia R2020 status light (LED) panel. Netopia R2020 LED front panel The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 3 3 3 3 S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g u u u u p p p p y y y y o o.
3-2 User’ s Reference Guide Notes: • The computer running Smar tStar t must be on the same Ethernet cable segment as the Netopia R2020. Repeaters, such as 10Base-T hubs between your computer and the Netopia R2020, are acceptable, but devices such as switches or other routers ar e not.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-3 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard The Smar tStar t Wizar d is tailored for your platfor m, but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh. Inser t the Netopia CD, and in the desktop navigation screen that appears, launch the Smar tStar t Wizar d application.
3-4 User’ s Reference Guide Easy option When the test succeeds, Smar tStar t indicates success. If the test fails, the wizard displays an er r or screen. If the test fails, check the following: ■ Check your cable connections. Be sure you have connected the r outer and the computer properly , using the cor rect cables.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-5 When the test is successful, you will see the “Manual or Automated Connection Profile scr een,” shown below . If you select ISP Automation , Smar tStar t of fers you the option of choosing one of several Netopia ISP par tners that suppor t the Netopia R2020.
3-6 User’ s Reference Guide with: ■ Y our dial-up number , sometimes refer r ed to as an ISP POP number ■ Y our Login name and Passwor d. (These are case-sensitive.) Note: Y our ISP may pr ovide you with additional values such as “Remote IP Gateway” or “Subnet Mask.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-7 In most cases, this Smar tStar t configuration is all that you need to get your router up and r unning and connected to the Internet. However, you may want to take advantage of additional features or special configuration options available through the console-based configuration inter face.
3-8 User’ s Reference Guide Advanced option Router IP Address scr een. If you selected the Advanced option in the “Easy or Advanced options screen” on page 3-4 , Smar tStar t asks you to choose between entering the router’s cur r ent IP address and assigning an IP address to the r outer .
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-9 Sharing the Connection Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers Configuring TCP/IP on a Windows computer requir es the following: .
3-10 User’ s Reference Guide Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network to accept IP addresses ser ved by the Netopia R2020. 1. Go to the Star t Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-11 Static configuration (optional) If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP addr ess, per for m the following: 1. Go to Star t Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon.
4. Click OK in this window , and the next window . When prompted, r eboot the computer . Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sur e each computer on your network has its own IP address.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-13 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Configuring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requir es the following: ■ Y ou must have either Open T ranspor t or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.
3-14 User’ s Reference Guide Static configuration (optional) 3. In the TCP/IP window or in the MacTCP/More window , select or type information into the fields as shown in the following table. 4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-15 Dynamic configuration using MacIP (optional) If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleT alk feature set kit.
3-16 User’ s Reference Guide Using Classic Networking (MacTCP) 1. Go to the Apple Menu. Select Control Panels and then Network . 2. In the Network window , select EtherT alk . 3. Go back to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then MacTCP . 4. Select EtherT alk .
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 4 4 4 4 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g Y Y Y Y o o o o u.
4-2 User’ s Reference Guide Application software: This is the softwar e you use to send e-mail, browse the World Wide W eb, read newsgroups, etc. These applications may r equire some configuration. Examples include the Eudora e-mail client, and the web browsers Micr osoft Internet Explor er and Netscape Navigator .
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-3 Connecting to an Ethernet network The Netopia R2020 suppor ts Ether net connections through its eight Ether net por ts.
4-4 User’ s Reference Guide If you add devices connected through a hub, connect the hub to Ether net por t number 1 on the Netopia R2020 and set the Nor mal/Uplink switch to Uplink. Adding an external modem Y ou may wish to add a thir d (exter nal) modem to gain additional speed for your Internet connection.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 4-5 For pinout infor mation on the HD-15 to DB-25 modem cable, see “Pinouts for Auxiliar y Por t Modem Cable,” in Appendix F , “T echnical Specifications and Safety Infor mation.
4-6 User’ s Reference Guide Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling For detailed configuration instr uctions see “AppleT alk Setup” on page 12-1 . T opology 22 gauge .642 mm 24 gauge .510 mm 26 gauge .403 mm daisy chain n/a n/a 1800 ft. 549 m backbone 4500 ft.
Console-based Management 5-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 5 5 5 5 C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e - - - - b b b b a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M .
5-2 User’ s Reference Guide using the router to connect to mor e than one ser vice provider or r emote site. ■ The System Configuration menus display and per mit changing: ■ Network Protocols Setup. See “Multiple Network Addr ess T ranslation and IP Setup” on page 10-1 .
Console-based Management 5-3 Configuring T elnet software If you are configuring your r outer using a T elnet session, your computer must be r unning a T elnet softwar e program. ■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows, you can use a Windows T elnet application or simply r un T elnet from the Star t menu.
5-4 User’ s Reference Guide Launch your ter minal emulation software and configur e the communications software for the following values. These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia R2020 uses.
Easy Setup 6-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 6 6 6 6 E E E E a a a a s s s s y y y y S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router.
6-2 User’ s Reference Guide A screen similar to the following appears: If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: ■ the computer used to view the console screen has its serial por t connected to the Netopia R2020’s “Console” por t or an Ether net connection to one of its Ethernet por ts.
Easy Setup 6-3 Beginning Easy Setup T o begin Easy Setup, select Easy Setup in the Main Menu, then press Retur n. The Easy Setup Profile scr een appears.
6-4 User’ s Reference Guide 4. Select Local W AN IP Address and enter the local WAN address your ISP gave you. The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addr essing, when your ISP assigns an address each time you connect. However , you may enter another addr ess if you want to use static addressing.
Easy Setup 6-5 1. Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the first IP addr ess from the IP addr ess range your ISP has given you. This will be the Netopia Router’s IP address.
6-6 User’ s Reference Guide 7. If IP Address Ser ving is On , select Number of Client IP Addr esses . Then enter the number of available host addresses for the Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router to allocate to the client computers on your network. This number defaults to the balance of the subnet addresses above the Netopia Router’s address.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I : : : : A A A A d d d d v v v v a a a a n n n n c c c c e e e e d d d d C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii .
User’ s Reference Guide.
W AN and System Configuration 7-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 7 7 7 7 W W W W A A A A N N N N a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m C C C.
7-2 User’ s Reference Guide Cr eating a new Connection Profile Connection Profiles define the telephone and networking pr otocols necessar y for the router to make a r emote connection.
W AN and System Configuration 7-3 4. Select Datalink Options and press Retur n. The Datalink Options screen appears. Note: The Datalink Options shown below are for the default Data Link Encapsulation method PPP . (For VPN Data Link Options see “Vir tual Private Networks” on page 9-1 .
7-4 User’ s Reference Guide 6. T oggle or enter any IP Parameters you r equire and r eturn to the Add Connection Pr ofile screen by pr essing Escape. For more infor mation, see “Multiple Network Addr ess T ranslation and IP Setup” on page 10-1 .
W AN and System Configuration 7-5 9. Select T elco Options and pr ess retur n. the T elco Options scr een appears. NOTE: If you are cr eating a VPN Connection Profile, the T elco Options menu is not used and becomes unavailable. Select Dial and press Retur n.
7-6 User’ s Reference Guide Select the connection profile you want to view or edit and pr ess Return. The pr ofile is displayed, and you can change any of the parameters.
W AN and System Configuration 7-7 Deleting connection pr ofiles Y ou can delete a connection pr ofile by retur ning to the WAN Configuration menu and selecting Delete Connection Profile . A scrolling pop-up scr een appears. Select the profile you want to delete and pr ess Return.
7-8 User’ s Reference Guide The console screen will open to the Main Menu , similar to the screen shown below: Navigating thr ough the System Configuration screens T o help you find your way to pa.
W AN and System Configuration 7-9 T o help you deter mine whether you need to use the System Configuration options, r eview the following requir ements. If you have one or more of these needs, use the System Configuration options described in the later chapters.
7-10 User’ s Reference Guide T o access the System Configuration scr eens, select System Configuration in the Main Menu, then press Return. The System Configuration Menu screen appears: Network P.
W AN and System Configuration 7-11 IP Addr ess Ser ving These screens allow you to configur e IP Address ser ving on your network by means of DHCP , WANIP , BootP , and with the optional AppleT alk kit, MacIP . ■ Details are given in “IP addr ess ser ving” on page 10-35 .
7-12 User’ s Reference Guide T o go to the Console Configuration scr een, select Console Configuration in the System Configuration screen. Follow these steps to change a parameter’s value: 1. Select the parameter you want to change. 2. Select a new value for the parameter .
W AN and System Configuration 7-13 Logging Y ou can configur e a UNIX-compatible syslog client to repor t a number of subsets of the events enter ed in the router’s WAN Event Histor y . See “WAN Event Histor y” on page 13-6 .The Syslog client (for the PC only) is supplied as a .
7-14 User’ s Reference Guide When using syslog with a switched connection, if the host you are logging into is located on the WAN, the act of tearing down the call generates W AN events. This requir es the torn down line to come back up, ef fectively making a call that will go up and down continuously .
Managing Data Calls 8-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 8 8 8 8 M M M M a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g ii i i n n n n g g g g D D D D a a a a t t t t a a a a C C C C a a a a ll l l ll l l s s s s Y ou can set a Netopia Router to make scheduled connections using designated connection pr ofiles.
8-2 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Y ou can enter a PBX or Centr ex Dialing Prefix such as “9” if you ar e on a PBX or Centrex phone system and requir e a prefix for an outside line.
Managing Data Calls 8-3 the line, but uses a dif fer ent telephone number and ring patter n. Suppor ted options are: ■ Y ou can choose when the Netopia R2020’s modem connection tones ar e audible. Suppor ted options are: ■ Y ou can specify how to use the auxiliar y serial por t on the Netopia R2020’s back panel.
8-4 User’ s Reference Guide For external modem applications, the Data Rate pop-up of fers a variety of clock rates from 9600 to 230 Kbps. The default is 57.6 kbps. Y ou can also specify the Modem Init String for your modem and the Director y Number of the telephone line connected to the third por t.
Managing Data Calls 8-5 1. Select Default Answer Profile in the WAN Configuration screen. Press Retur n. The Default Profile scr een appears. 2. T o enable CNA-authentication, select Calling Number.
8-6 User’ s Reference Guide CNA should be available where CallerID ser vices ar e available. Y ou will need to consult with your telephone ser vice provider to find out if your line is pr ovisioned for CallerID.
Managing Data Calls 8-7 Note: The authentication method you choose deter mines which connection profiles ar e accessible to callers. For example, if you choose P AP , callers using CHAP or no authentication will be dr opped by the answer profile.
8-8 User’ s Reference Guide Viewing scheduled connections T o display a table of view-only scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one r ow of the table.
Managing Data Calls 8-9 Follow these steps to configure the new scheduled connection: ■ T o activate the connection, select Scheduled Connection Enable and toggle it to On . Y ou can make the scheduled connection inactive by toggling Scheduled Connection Enable to Of f .
8-10 User’ s Reference Guide Often is set to Once Only , the item dir ectly below How Often reads Set Once-Only Schedule . Set Weekly Schedule If you set How Often to W eekly , select Set Weekly Schedule and go to the Set W eekly Schedule screen. ■ Select the days for the scheduled connection to occur and toggle them to Ye s .
Managing Data Calls 8-11 ■ Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the for mat MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day , year). Note: Y ou must enter the date in the for mat specified. The slashes ar e mandator y . For example, the entr y 5/7/98 would be accepted as May 7, 1998.
8-12 User’ s Reference Guide Select a scheduled connection from the table and go to the Change Scheduled Connection scr een. The parameters in this screen ar e the same as the ones in the Add Scheduled Connection screen (except that ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION and CANCEL do not appear).
Managing Data Calls 8-13 S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m II I I n n n n f f f f o o o o r r r r m m m m a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n p p p p a a a a g g g g e e e e This is the initial page you link to when you connect to the Web-based management pages.
8-14 User’ s Reference Guide of the activity for your Frame relay DLCIs. ■ “Connection Status page” on page 8-15 (for switched inter faces only) : displays the cur rent state of your switched connection.
Managing Data Calls 8-15 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n S S S S t t t t a a a a t t t t u u u u s s s s p p p p a a a a g g g g e e e e For switched int.
8-16 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t // / / D D D D ii i i s s s s c c c c o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t p p p p a a a a g g g g e e e e The Connect/Disconnect page displays a list of your configured Connection Pr ofiles and allows you to connect or disconnect any of them.
Managing Data Calls 8-17 R R R R o o o o u u u u t t t t e e e e r r r r B B B B u u u u d d d d g g g g e e e e t t t t C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t .
8-18 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n B B B B u u u u d d d d g g g g e e e e t t t t s s s s p p p p a a a a g g g g e e e e Th.
Managing Data Calls 8-19 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n B B B B u u u u d d d d g g g g e e e e t t t t C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u.
8-20 User’ s Reference Guide schedule, you choose the day of the month to star t it. Click the Submit button to enable your entries and be retur ned to the Connection Budgets page or click the Cancel button to discard all your entries. Click the Reset button to reset all counters and ar chives to zer o.
Managing Data Calls 8-21 E E E E v v v v e e e e n n n n t t t t H H H H ii i i s s s s t t t t o o o o r r r r y y y y p p p p a a a a g g g g e e e e s s s s The Netopia R2020 recor ds cer tain relevant occur rences in event histories.
8-22 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D e e e e v v v v ii i i c c c c e e e e E E E E v v v v e e e e n n n n t t t t H H H H ii i i s s s s t t t t o o o o r r r r y y y y p p p p a a a a g g g g e e e e Y ou can r efresh the Device Event Histor y log by clicking the update this page link.
Managing Data Calls 8-23 C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e - - - - b b b b a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d m m m m a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g e e e e m m m m e e e e n n n n .
8-24 User’ s Reference Guide Configuration is similar to the Web-based management configuration screens. ■ Selecting Use Connection Profile displays a pop-up list of all of your Connection Profiles. Choose the Connection Profile you want this budget to apply to and pr ess Return.
Managing Data Calls 8-25 The Budget Statistics screen appears. Y ou can view statistics for all your budgets at once or one at a time. ■ Budget Name shows the names of your budgets. ■ First Minutes displays the number of first minutes of outbound calls placed during the recor ding inter val.
8-26 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D a a a a t t t t e e e e a a a a n n n n d d d d t t t t ii i i m m m m e e e e s s s s e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g Note: If you have Connectio.
Virtual Private Networks 9-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 9 9 9 9 V V V V ii i i r r r r t t t t u u u u a a a a ll l l P P P P r r r r ii i i v v v v a a a a t t t t e e e .
9-2 User’ s Reference Guide Unlike the phone company , private and public computer networks can use more than one pr otocol to car r y your infor mation over the wires. Two such pr otocols are in common use for tunnelling, Point-to-Point T unnelling Protocol (PPTP) and Ascend T unnel Management Protocol (A TMP).
Virtual Private Networks 9-3 Configuring the Netopia Router for use with either of the two protocols is done thr ough the console-based menu screens. Each type is described in its own section: ■ .
9-4 User’ s Reference Guide A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t P P P P P P P P T T T T P P P P t t t t u u u u n n n n n n n n e e e e ll l l s s s s T o set up a PPTP tunnel, you cr eate a Connection Profile including the IP addr ess and other relevant infor mation for the remote PPTP par tner .
Virtual Private Networks 9-5 Note: Profiles using PPTP do not of fer a T elco Options scr een. ■ Enter the PPTP Par tner IP Address . This specifies the addr ess of the other end of the tunnel. If you do not specify the PPTP Par tner IP Address the gateway cannot initiate tunnels, i.
9-6 User’ s Reference Guide initiating a tunnel connection. ■ Y ou can specify a Receive Host Name which is used with the Receive Secret for authenticating a r emote PPTP client. ■ Y ou must specify a Receive Secr et , used for authenticating the remote PPTP client.
Virtual Private Networks 9-7 Ordinarily , Ping is an excellent troubleshooting tool, but it will not be ef fective in this cir cumstance. Instead, use another TCP- or UDP-based network ser vice for troubleshooting. Since the Netopia Router is capable of ser ving T elnet and HTTP , we recommend using these ser vices instead of Ping.
9-8 User’ s Reference Guide V V V V P P P P N N N N D D D D e e e e f f f f a a a a u u u u ll l l t t t t A A A A n n n n s s s s w w w w e e e e r r r r P P P P r r r r o o o o f f f f ii i i ll l l e e e e The W AN Configuration menu of fers a VPN Default Answer Pr ofile option.
Virtual Private Networks 9-9 default) if you do not. This applies to both A TMP and PPTP connections. ■ For PPTP tunnel connections only , you must define what type of authentication these connections will use. Select Receive Authentication and press Retur n.
9-10 User’ s Reference Guide D D D D ii i i a a a a ll l l - - - - U U U U p p p p N N N N e e e e t t t t w w w w o o o o r r r r k k k k ii i i n n n n g g g g f f f f o o o o r r r r V V V V P P .
Virtual Private Networks 9-11 The Communications window appears. 5. In the Communications window , select Dial-Up Networking and click the OK button. This retur ns you to the Windows Setup screen. Click the OK button. 6. Respond to the prompts to install Dial-Up Networking fr om the system disks or CDROM.
9-12 User’ s Reference Guide C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g a a a a D D D D ii i i a a a a ll l l - - - - U U U U p p p p N N N N e e e e t t t.
Virtual Private Networks 9-13 4. Click the TCP/IP Settings button. ■ If your ISP uses dynamic IP addressing (DHCP), select the Ser ver assigned IP addr ess radio button. ■ If your ISP uses static IP addressing, select the Specify an IP addr ess radio button and enter your assigned IP address in the fields pr ovided.
9-14 User’ s Reference Guide II I I n n n n s s s s t t t t a a a a ll l l ll l l ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e V V V V P P P P N N N N C C C C ll l l ii i i e e e e n n n n t t t t Before Installing the VPN Client you must have TCP/IP installed and have an established Inter net connection.
Virtual Private Networks 9-15 3. Click the Windows Setup tab. The Windows Setup screen will be displayed within the top center box. 4. Double-click Communications . This displays a list of possible selections for the communications option. Active components will have a check in the checkboxes to their left.
9-16 User’ s Reference Guide A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t A A A A T T T T M M M M P P P P T T T T u u u u n n n n n n n n e e e e ll l l s s s s T o set up an A TMP tunnel, you create a Connection Profile including the IP addr ess and other relevant infor mation for the remote A TMP par tner .
Virtual Private Networks 9-17 When you define a Connection Profile as using A TMP by selecting A TMP as the datalink encapsulation method, and then select Data Link Options , the A TMP T unnel Options screen appears. Note: An A TMP tunnel cannot be assigned a dynamic IP address by the r emote ser ver , as in a PPP connection.
9-18 User’ s Reference Guide invisible. ■ Y ou can specify that this r outer will Initiate Connections , acting as a foreign agent ( Ye s ), or only answer them, acting as a home agent ( No ). ■ T unnels ar e nor mally initiated On Demand ; however , you can disable this featur e.
Virtual Private Networks 9-19 A A A A ll l l ll l l o o o o w w w w ii i i n n n n g g g g V V V V P P P P N N N N s s s s t t t t h h h h o o o o u u u u g g g g h h h h a a a a f f f f ii i i r r r .
9-20 User’ s Reference Guide Select Display/Change Input Filter . Display/Change Input Filter screen For Input Filter 1 set the Destination Por t infor mation as shown below . For Input Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below . +-#----Source IP Addr----Dest IP Addr------Proto-Src.
Virtual Private Networks 9-21 In the Display/Change IP Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter . Display/Change Output Filter screen For Output Filter 1 set the Protocol Type and Destination Por t infor mation as shown below . For Output Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below .
9-22 User’ s Reference Guide A A A A T T T T M M M M P P P P E E E E x x x x a a a a m m m m p p p p ll l l e e e e T o enable a fir ewall to allow A TMP traf fic, you must provision the fir ewall to allow inbound and outbound UDP packets specifically destined for por t 5150.
Virtual Private Networks 9-23 In the Display/Change IP Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter . Display/Change Output Filter screen For Output Filter 1 set the Protocol Type and Destination Por t infor mation as shown below . For Output Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below .
9-24 User’ s Reference Guide Change Output Filter 2 Enabled: Yes Forward: Yes Source IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Source IP Address Mask: 0.0.0.0 Dest. IP Address: 0.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 M M M M u u u u ll l l t t t t ii i i p p p p ll l l e e e e N N N N e e.
10-2 User’ s Reference Guide The ter ms public and external refer to the Inter net side of the Netopia Router's connection. A machine on the public network cannot necessarily access a machine behind a Netopia Router's NA T remapping, unless you specify that it can.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-3 In order to suppor t this type of mapping, the private addr esses and public addresses ar e separated and are assigned to ranges. Each range consists of a contiguous set of one or more addr esses.
10-4 User’ s Reference Guide NA T configuration Y ou use the NA T featur e sets by defining a series of remapping r ules and then grouping them into a list . There are two kinds of lists -- Map Lists , made up of P A T and Static remapping r ules, and Ser ver Lists , a list of internal ser vices to be presented to the exter nal world.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-5 ■ The Local W AN IP Addr ess is used to configure a NA T public addr ess range consisting of the Local WAN IP Address and all its por ts. The public addr ess map list is named Easy-P A T List and the por t map list is named Easy-Ser vers .
10-6 User’ s Reference Guide Select Network Address Translation (NA T) and press Retur n. The Network Address T ranslation screen appears. Public Range: defines an external addr ess range and indicates what type of remapping to apply when using this range.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-7 N N N N A A A A T T T T r r r r u u u u ll l l e e e e s s s s The following r ules apply to assigning NA T ranges and ser ver lists: ■ Static public address ranges must not overlap other static, P A T , public addr esses or the public address assigned to the router’s WAN inter face.
10-8 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select ADD NA T PUBLIC RANGE and press Retur n. The range will be added to your list and you will be retur ned to the Network Address Translation screen. Once the public ranges have been assigned, the next step is to bind interior addresses to them.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-9 ■ Select First and Last Private Address and enter the first and last interior IP addresses you want to assign to this mapping. ■ Select Use NA T Public Range and press Retur n. A screen appears displaying the public ranges you have defined.
10-10 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select ADD NA T MAP and press Retur n. Y our mapping is added to your map list. M M M M o o o o d d d d ii i i f f f f y y y y ii i i n n n n g g g g m m m m a a a a p p p p ll l l ii i i s s s s t t t t s s s s Y ou can make changes to an existing map list after you have cr eated it.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-11 The Show/Change NA T Map List screen appears. ■ Add Map allows you to add a new map to the map list. ■ Show/Change Maps allows you to modify the individual maps within the list. ■ Delete Map allows you to delete a map from the list.
10-12 User’ s Reference Guide The Change NA T Map screen appears. Make any modifications you need and then select CHANGE NA T MAP and pr ess Retur n. Y our changes will become ef fective and you will be r etur ned to the Show/Change NA T Map List screen.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-13 All operations are done fr om a single pop-up menu. ■ In the Show/Change Map List screen, select Move Map . A selection mode pop-up menu appears. In this mode you scroll to the map you want to move and pr ess Return to select it for moving.
10-14 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select Ser vice and press Retur n. A pop-up menu appears listing a selection of commonly expor ted ser vices. ■ Choose the ser vice you want to expor t and pr ess Return. Y ou can choose a pr econfigured ser vice fr om the list, or define your own by selecting Other .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-15 ■ Enter the First and Last Por t Number between por ts 1 and 65535. Select OK and press Retur n. Y ou will be retur ned to the Add NA T Ser ver screen. ■ Enter the Ser ver Private IP Address of the ser ver whose ser vice you are expor ting.
10-16 User’ s Reference Guide The Show/Change NA T Ser ver List scr een appears. ■ Selecting Show/Change Ser ver or Delete Ser ver displays the same pop-up menu. Network Address Translation +-NAT Server List Name-+ +----------------------+ A| my_servers | S| |.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-17 Select any ser ver from the list and pr ess Retur n. The Change NA T Ser ver scr een appears. Y ou can make changes to the ser ver’s ser vice and por t or internal or exter nal addr ess. Select CHANGE NA T SERVER and press Retur n.
10-18 User’ s Reference Guide A pop-up menu lists your configured ser vers. Select the one you want to delete and pr ess Retur n. A dialog box asks you to confir m your choice. Choose CONTINUE and press Retur n. The ser ver is deleted fr om the list.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-19 ■ Select NA T Map List and press Retur n. A pop-up menu displays a list of your defined map lists. ■ Select the map list you want to bind to this Connection Profile and pr ess Return. The map list you selected will now be bound to this Connection Profile.
10-20 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select the ser ver list you want to bind to this Connection Profile and pr ess Retur n. The ser ver list you selected will now be bound to this Connection Profile. Note: There is no inter dependency between NA T and IP Addr essing.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-21 The Default Answer Profile scr een appears. If Must Match a Defined Profile is set to Ye s , then the NA T attributes of the Connection Pr ofile take precedence. If you toggle Must Match a Defined Profile to No , IP-r elated menu options become visible.
10-22 User’ s Reference Guide N N N N A A A A T T T T A A A A s s s s s s s s o o o o c c c c ii i i a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n s s s s Configuration of map and ser ver lists alone is not suf ficient to enable NA T for a W AN connection because map and ser ver lists must be linked to a profile that contr ols the WAN inter face.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-23 ■ Select the list name you want to assign and press Retur n again. Y our selection will then be associated with the cor responding pr ofile or inter face.
10-24 User’ s Reference Guide M M M M u u u u ll l l t t t t ii i i N N N N A A A A T T T T C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n E E .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-25 Enter your ISP-supplied values as shown below . Select NEXT SCREEN and press Retur n. Y our IP values ar e shown here.
10-26 User’ s Reference Guide Select Show/Change Public Range , then Easy-P A T Range , and pr ess Retur n. Enter the value your ISP assigned for your public address (206.1.1.6, in this example). T oggle Type to pat . Y our public addr ess is then mapped to the remaining private IP addr esses using P A T .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-27 Select ADD NA T PUBLIC RANGE and press Retur n. Y ou ar e retur ned to the Network Addr ess Translation screen. Next, select Show/Change Map List and choose Easy-P A T List . Select Add Map . The Add NA T Map scr een appears.
10-28 User’ s Reference Guide ■ First, navigate to the Show/Change Map List screen, select Easy-P A T List and then Show/Change Maps . Choose the Static Map you created and change the First Private Address fr om 192.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-29 IP subnets The IP Subnets screen allows you to configur e up to eight Ethernet IP subnets, one “primar y” subnet and up to seven secondar y subnets, by entering IP address/subnet mask pairs: Note: Y ou need not use this scr een if you have only a single Ethernet IP subnet.
10-30 User’ s Reference Guide For example: ■ T o delete a configur ed subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each field and pressing Retur n or Enter to commit the change. When a configured subnet is deleted, the values in subsequent rows adjust up to fill the vacant fields.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-31 If you have configured multiple Ether net IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly: The IP address and Subnet mask items ar e hidden, and the “Define Additional Subnets...” item becomes “Subnet Configuration.
10-32 User’ s Reference Guide Viewing static r outes T o display a view-only table of static r outes, select Display/Change Static Route in the Static Routes screen. The table has the following columns: Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-33 Priority: An indication whether the Netopia R2020 will use the static route when it conflicts with infor mation received fr om RIP packets. Enabled: An indication whether the static route should be installed in the IP r outing table.
10-34 User’ s Reference Guide With RIP Metric you set the number of routers, fr om 1 to 15, between the sending router and the destination router . The maximum number of routers on a packet’s r oute is 15. Setting RIP Metric to 1 means that a route can involve 15 r outers, while setting it to 15 means a route can only involve one router.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-35 IP addr ess ser ving In addition to being a router , the Netopia R2020 is also an IP address ser ver .
10-36 User’ s Reference Guide T o go to the IP Addr ess Ser ving screen, select IP Addr ess Ser ving in the System Configuration screen and press Retur n.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-37 DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia R2020 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS infor mation.
10-38 User’ s Reference Guide ■ T o ser ve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Ser ve NetBIOS Scope and toggle it to Ye s . Select NetBIOS Scope and enter the scope. ■ T o ser ve DHCP clients with the IP addr ess of a NetBIOS name ser ver , select Serve NetBIOS Name Ser ver and toggle it to Ye s .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-39 The Ser ved IP Addresses scr een appears. T o r elease these addresses, select Lease Management . Select Release BootP Leases and press Retur n. For more lease management infor mation see “Ser ved IP Addr esses” on page 13-10 .
10-40 User’ s Reference Guide DHCP Relay Agent The R2020 of fers DHCP Relay Agent functionality , as defined in RFC1542. A DHCP r elay agent is a computer system or a router that is configur ed to for ward DHCP r equests from clients on the LAN to a r emote DHCP ser ver , and to pass the r eplies back to the requesting client systems.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation and IP Setup 10-41 Select IP Address Ser ving Mode . The pop-up menu of fers the choices of Disabled, DHCP Ser ver (the default), and DHCP Relay Agent. If you select DHCP Relay Agent and press Retur n, the screen changes as shown below .
10-42 User’ s Reference Guide option is automatically enabled if the AppleT alk kit is installed and IP Address Ser ving is enabled. ■ Select MacIP/KIP Static Options and press Retur n. The MacIP (KIP) For war ding Setup screen tells the Netopia R2020 how many static addresses to allocate for MacIP/KIP clients.
IPX Setup 11-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II I I P P P P X X X X S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network pr otocol used by Novell NetW are networks. This chapter shows you how to configure the Netopia R2020 for r outing data using IPX.
11-2 User’ s Reference Guide IPX addr ess An IPX address consists of a network number , a node number , and a socket number . An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits. The network number must be the same for all nodes on a par ticular physical network segment.
IPX Setup 11-3 The following is a list of common SAP ser ver types: NetBIOS NetBIOS is a protocol that per forms tasks r elated to the T ranspor t and Session layers of the OSI model. It can operate over IPX, using a special broadcast packet known as “IPX Packet type 20” to communicate with IPX NetBIOS ser vers.
11-4 User’ s Reference Guide T o go to the IPX Setup scr een, from the Main Menu select System Configuration and then select Network Protocols Setup and then select IPX Setup . Note: If you have completed Easy Setup, the infor mation you have already enter ed will appear in the IP Setup options screen.
IPX Setup 11-5 7. Select Default Gateway Address , and enter the network address of the IPX network to which all packets of unknown destination address should be r outed. Note: The Default Gateway Address is usually set up to match the IPX Addr ess in your network Connection Profile.
11-6 User’ s Reference Guide T o configur e IPX routing in the answer pr ofile, select IPX Parameters and go to the IPX Parameters (Default Answer Profile) scr een. The items in this screen ar e similar to the IPX Profile Parameters items of the same name (see page 11-5 ).
IPX Setup 11-7 IPX r outing tables IPX routing tables pr ovide infor mation on cur rent IPX r outes and ser vices. T o go to the IPX Routing T able scr een, select IPX Routing T able in the Routing T ables screen. This table shows detailed infor mation about cur rent IPX network r outes.
11-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
AppleT alk Setup 12-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 A A A A p p p p p p p p ll l l e e e e T T T T a a a a ll l l k k k k S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p .
12-2 User’ s Reference Guide If the cabling of your network were a str eet system, then a node address would cor r espond to a building’s street addr ess. Node addresses ar e not per manent. Each AppleT alk device deter mines its node address at star tup.
AppleT alk Setup 12-3 MacIP When Macintosh computers encapsulate TCP/IP packets in AppleT alk, either because they are on LocalT alk or they are on EtherT alk for administrative r easons, they must use the ser vices of a MacIP gateway .
12-4 User’ s Reference Guide Y ou should set the Netopia R2020’s seeding action to work best in your par ticular network envir onment. These scenarios may guide you in deciding how to set the router’s seeding: ■ If the Netopia R2020 is the only router on your network, you must set it to either har d seeding or soft seeding.
AppleT alk Setup 12-5 The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade scr een appears. Follow the instr uctions to enable AppleT alk on your router. Once AppleT alk is enabled, you can configure your network as described in the following sections.
12-6 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring AppleT alk AppleT alk setup for Netopia R2020s consists of configuring EtherT alk, LocalT alk, and AURP . EtherT alk Setup T o go to the EtherT alk Setup options scr een, select Network Protocols Setup and then select AppleT alk Setup in the System Configuration screen.
AppleT alk Setup 12-7 EtherT alk Phase II por t is visible to other AppleT alk nodes. The default zone is also where new AppleT alk nodes will appear . If you do not set a default zone, the first zone you cr eate will be the default zone. ■ Y ou can also set the range of EtherT alk Phase II network numbers.
12-8 User’ s Reference Guide As an alternative, you can set LocalT alk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R2020 r eceive the zone name and network number from the other r outer . ■ Select LocalT alk Network Number and enter the desir ed network number .
AppleT alk Setup 12-9 Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B. Both sides have multiple zones defined on the EtherT alk por t and a unique zone on their LocalT alk por ts.
12-10 User’ s Reference Guide Deleting an AURP partner ■ T o delete an AURP par tner , select Delete Par tner in the AURP Setup screen and pr ess Retur n to display a table of existing par tners. Use the Up and Down Ar row keys to select an AURP par tner, then press Return to delete it.
AppleT alk Setup 12-11 Raising the tickle packet inter val does not ensure that the AURP tunnel is dr opped or not brought up. If any application on the local network generates AppleT alk traf fic destined for the network at the r emote end of the AURP tunnel, the tunnel remains up.
12-12 User’ s Reference Guide.
Monitoring T ools 13-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 M M M M o o o o n n n n ii i i t t t t o o o o r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T o o o o o o o o ll l l s s s s This chapter discusses the Netopia R2020’s device and network monitoring tools.
13-2 User’ s Reference Guide General Status Current Date: The cur r ent date; this can be set with the Date and Time utility (see “Date and Time” on page 7-11 ). Default IP Gateway: The router’s default gateway , which may be either manually configur ed or learned via DHCP .
Monitoring T ools 13-3 Curr ent Status The cur rent status section is a table showing the cur r ent status of the WAN. For example: W AN Status Profile Name: Lists the name of the connection pr ofile being used, if any . State: Lists the por ts in use for this connection.
13-4 User’ s Reference Guide Statistics & Logs When you are tr oubleshooting your Netopia R2020, the Statistics screens pr ovide insight into the recent event activities of the Router . From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below .
Monitoring T ools 13-5 The right side of the table lists the total number of occur rences of each of five types of communication statistics: EN Rx Packets: The number of Ethernet packets r eceived. EN Rx Errors: The number of bad Ether net packets received.
13-6 User’ s Reference Guide W AN Event History The W AN Event Histor y screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. T o go to the WAN Event Histor y scr een, select W AN Event Histor y in the Statistics & Logs screen.
Monitoring T ools 13-7 Device Event History The Device Event Histor y screen lists a total of 128 por t and system events, giving the time and date for each event, as well as a brief description. The most recent events appear at the top. T o go to the Device Event Histor y scr een, select Device Event Histor y in the Statistics & Logs screen.
13-8 User’ s Reference Guide IP routing table The IP routing table displays all of the IP r outes cur rently known to the Netopia R2020. T o display the IP Routing T able scr een, select IP Routing T able in the Statistics & Logs scr een and press Return.
Monitoring T ools 13-9 T o display the IPX Routing T able scr een, select IPX Routing T able in the Statistics & Logs scr een and press Return. IPX Sap Bindery table The IPX Sap Binder y table displays all of the IPX Sap Binder y r outes cur rently known to the Netopia R2020.
13-10 User’ s Reference Guide (Def) Zone Name: Displays the zone or zones associated with the specified network or network range. The zone name shown is either the only zone or the default zone name for an extended network.
Monitoring T ools 13-11 The IP Address Lease Management scr een appears. By selecting each of these options you can: ■ Reset all cur rent IP addr esses leased through DHCP without waiting for the de.
13-12 User’ s Reference Guide System Information The System Infor mation screen gives a summar y view of the general system level values in the Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router. From the Statistics & Logs menu select System Information . The System Infor mation screen appears.
Monitoring T ools 13-13 The SNMP Setup scr een T o go to the SNMP Setup scr een from the Main Menu, select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and press Retur n. Follow these steps to configure the first thr ee items in the screen: 1. Select System Name and enter a descriptive name for the Netopia R2020’s SNMP agent.
13-14 User’ s Reference Guide By default, the read-only and r ead/write community strings are set to “public” and “private,” r espectively . Y ou should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and tr usted system adminis- trators.
Monitoring T ools 13-15 Setting the IP trap receivers 1. Select Add IP Trap Receiver . 2. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name . Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap. 3. Select Community String if you enabled one in the SNMP Setup screen, and enter the appr opriate password.
13-16 User’ s Reference Guide.
Security 14-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y The Netopia R2020 provides a number of security featur es to help protect its configuration scr eens and your local network from unauthorized access.
14-2 User’ s Reference Guide User accounts When you first set up and configure the Netopia R2020, no passwor ds are r equired to access the configuration screens. Anyone could tamper with the r outer’s configuration by simply connecting it to a console.
Security 14-3 T o display a view-only list of user accounts, select Show Users in the Security Options screen. T o add a new user account, select Add User in the Security Options screen and pr ess Retur n to go to the Add Name With Write Access screen.
14-4 User’ s Reference Guide Enable SmartStart/W eb Server Y ou may wish to r estrict access to the web-based screens to pr event inadver tent switching or connecting and disconnecting of Connection Profiles.
Security 14-5 How filter sets work A filter set acts like a team of customs inspectors. Each filter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass. The inspectors work as a team, but each inspects ever y package individually .
14-6 User’ s Reference Guide If the package does not match the first inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector , and so on. Y ou can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is ver y impor tant.
Security 14-7 How individual filters work As described above, a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions: A filter’ s actions ■ Passes the packet to the local.
14-8 User’ s Reference Guide Port number comparisons A filter can also use a comparison option to evaluate a packet’s source or destination por t number. The comparison options are: No Compare: No comparison of the por t number specified in the filter with the packet’s por t number.
Security 14-9 Putting the parts together When you display a filter set, its filters are displayed as r ows in a table: The table’s columns cor respond to each filter’s attributes: #: The filter’s priority in the set. Filter number 1, with the highest priority , is first in the table.
14-10 User’ s Reference Guide Filtering example #1 Returning to our filtering r ule example from above (see page 14-7 ), look at how a r ule is translated into a filter .
Security 14-11 This filter blocks any packets coming from a r emote network with the IP network address 200.233.14.0. The 0 at the end of the address signifies any host on the class C IP network 200.233.14.0. If, for example, the filter is applied to a packet with the source IP addr ess 200.
14-12 User’ s Reference Guide An approach to using filters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compr omising authorized access.
Security 14-13 3. View , change, or delete individual filters and filter sets. The sections below explain how to execute these steps. Adding a filter set Y ou can cr eate up to eight dif fer ent custom filter sets. Each filter set can contain up to 16 output filters and up to 16 input filters.
14-14 User’ s Reference Guide Input and output filters—source and destination There ar e two kinds of filters you can add to a filter set: input and output. Input filters check packets received from the Inter net, destined for your network. Output filters check packets transmitted from your network to the Internet.
Security 14-15 1. T o make the filter active in the filter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Ye s . If Enabled is toggled to No , the filter can still exist in the filter set, but it will have no ef fect.
14-16 User’ s Reference Guide 10. When you are finished configuring the filter , select ADD THIS FIL TER NOW to save the filter in the filter set.
Security 14-17 Modifying filter sets T o modify a filter set, select Display/Change Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets. Select a filter set from the list and pr ess Return to go to the Change IP Filter Set scr een.
14-18 User’ s Reference Guide The five input filters and one output filter that make up Basic Firewall ar e shown in the table below . Basic Firewall’s filters play the following r oles. Input filters 1 and 2: These block W AN-originated OpenWindows and X-Windows sessions.
Security 14-19 Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that wish to access ser vers on the WAN, not for a LAN containing ser vers providing ser vices to clients on the W AN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly pass W AN-originated TCP and UDP traf fic to por ts gr eater than 1023.
14-20 User’ s Reference Guide FTP sessions. T o allow WAN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP ser ver with the IP addr ess a.b.c.d (cor responding to a number ed IP address such as 163.176.8.243), inser t the following input filter ahead of the cur rent input filter 1: ■ Enabled: Y es ■ For ward: Y es ■ Source IP Addr ess: 0.
Security 14-21 IPX filters IPX packet filters work ver y similarly to IP packet filters. They filter data traf fic coming from or going to remote IPX networks. IPX filters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user-defined criteria.
14-22 User’ s Reference Guide The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen ar e grouped into four ar eas: ■ IPX packet filters ■ IPX packet filter sets ■ IPX SAP filters ■ IPX SAP filter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas.
Security 14-23 1. Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter . 2. T o specify a sour ce network for the filter to match on, select Source Network and enter an IPX network address. 3. T o specify a sour ce node for the filter to match on, select Source Node Addr ess and enter an IPX node address.
14-24 User’ s Reference Guide Follow these steps to configure the new packet filter set: 1. Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter set.
Security 14-25 3. T o add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Retur n to add it to the filter set. The default action of newly added filters is to not for ward packets that match their criteria.
14-26 User’ s Reference Guide Adding a SAP filter T o add a new IPX SAP filter , select Add IPX SAP Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Retur n to go to the Add SAP Filter screen. By default, the filter’s socket and type numbers and network and node addresses ar e null (all zeros).
Security 14-27 Deleting a SAP filter T o delete a SAP filter , select Delete IPX SAP filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and pr ess Return to delete it. Pr ess the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the filter .
14-28 User’ s Reference Guide Select a filter and toggle the entr y for war ding action to Ye s (pass) or No (discard). 3. T o add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Retur n to add it to the filter set.
Security 14-29 Host : A workstation on the Network. Packet : Unit of communication on the Internet. Packet Filter : Packet filters allow or deny packets based on source or destination IP addr esses, TCP or UDP por ts, or the TCP ACK bit. Por t : A number that defines a par ticular type of ser vice.
14-30 User’ s Reference Guide Fir ewall design rules There ar e two basic r ules to firewall design: ■ “What is not explicitly allowed is denied...” and ■ “What is not explicitly denied is allowed...” The first r ule is far more secur e, and is the best approach to fir ewall design.
Security 14-31 Logical ANDing When a packet is compared (in most cases) a logical AND is per formed. First the IP addr esses and subnet masks are conver ted to binar y and then ANDed together . The r ules for logical ANDing ar e as follows: 0 AND 0 = 0 0 AND 1 = 0 1 AND 0 = 0 1 AND 1 = 1 For example: Filter r ule: Deny IP: 163.
14-32 User’ s Reference Guide Example IP Filter Set Screen This is an example of the Netopia IP filter set screen: Filter Basics In the source or destination IP addr ess fields, the IP address that is enter ed MUST be the NETWORK address of the subnet.
Security 14-33 Example Network Example Filters Example 1 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.28 This incoming IP packet has a source IP addr ess that matches the network address in the Sour ce IP Address field (00000000) in the Netopia R2020.
14-34 User’ s Reference Guide Example 2 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.184 This incoming IP packet (10000000) has a source IP addr ess that does not match the network address in the Source IP Addr ess field (00000000) in the Netopia R2020.
Security 14-35 Example 4 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.104 Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia R2020 is 01100000, and the sour ce IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this r ule DOES match and this packet will NOT be passed.
14-36 User’ s Reference Guide T oken Security Authentication This section discusses how to configure and use security authentication on the Netopia R2020. Note: The security authentication feature only applies to Netopia R2020 models connecting over a dial-up line using the PPP-P AP-TOKEN or PPP-CACHE-TOKEN authentication pr otocol.
Security 14-37 The Netopia R2020 suppor ts the following user configurations for security authentication: ■ Single user , calling a single destination (single session) ■ Single user , calling mul.
14-38 User’ s Reference Guide 2. Select Send Authentication and press Retur n. From the pop-up menu, highlight P AP-TOKEN or CACHE-TOKEN . Y our network administrator or the r emote network administrator will tell you which method to select. If you select P AP-TOKEN, select Send User Name and enter a name for your Netopia R2020.
Security 14-39 1. Select Secure Authentication Monitor and pr ess Return. The Secur e Authentication Monitor screen appears. 2. W ait for the call to initiate. 3. From the fields that appear , select Enter P ASSCODE and pr ess Retur n. Enter your PIN and the code displayed on your security authentication token card LED.
14-40 User’ s Reference Guide Note: When using CACHE-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for a time inter val deter mined by the network administrator . When this time inter val expir es, you must provide a new passcode for the call negotiation. When using P AP-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for one call negotiation.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 U U U U t t t t ii i i ll l l ii i i t t t t ii i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D.
15-2 User’ s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia R2020 includes a standard Ping test utility . A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a par ticular (Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the tar get host r eceives a Ping packet, it retur ns a packet to the original sender .
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-3 While the Ping test is r unning, and when it is over , a status field and a number of statistical items are active on the screen. These ar e described below . Status: The cur rent status of the Ping test. This item can display the following messages: Packets Out: The number of packets sent by the Ping test.
15-4 User’ s Reference Guide Packets Lost: The number of packets unaccounted for , shown in total and as a per centage of total packets sent. This statistic may be updated during the Ping test, and may not be accurate until after the test is over .
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-5 T race Route Y ou can count the number of r outers between your Netopia Router and a given destination with the T race Route utility . Select Trace Route in the Statistics & Diagnostics screen and pr ess Return to go to the Trace Route screen.
15-6 User’ s Reference Guide T elnet client The T elnet client mode r eplaces the nor mal menu mode. T elnet sessions can be cascaded, that is, you can initiate a T elnet client session when using a T elnet console session. T o activate the T elnet client, select T elnet from the Utilities & Diagnostics menu.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-7 Disconnect T elnet Console Session If you want to close your T elnet Console session, select Disconnect T elnet Console Session and pr ess Return. A dialog box appears asking you to cancel or continue your selection. If you select Continue , you will immediately ter minate your session.
15-8 User’ s Reference Guide The sections below describe how to update the Router’s fir mware and how to download and upload configuration files. Updating firmwar e Fir mware updates may be available periodically fr om Netopia or from a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administrator .
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-9 name (for example, bigroot/config/myfile). ■ Select Send Firmwar e to Netopia from TFTP Ser ver and pr ess Return. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file.
15-10 User’ s Reference Guide example, bigroot/config/myfile). ■ Select Read Config Now and press Retur n. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-11 Updating firmwar e Fir mware updates may be available periodically fr om Netopia or from a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administration. The procedur e below applies whether you are using the console or the built-in modems.
15-12 User’ s Reference Guide The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new fir mwar e into ef fect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and of f. Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R2020 while it is automatically r esetting or it could be damaged.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-13 1. Decide on a name for the file and a path for saving it. 2. Select Receive Config from Netopia and press Retur n. The following dialog box appears: 3. Select CANCEL to exit without uploading the file, or select CONTINUE to upload the file.
15-14 User’ s Reference Guide.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I II I I : : : : A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x e e e e s s s s.
User’ s Reference Guide.
T roubleshooting A-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x A A A A T T T T r r r r o o o o u u u u b b b b ll l l e e e e s s s s h h h h o o o o o o o o t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot pr oblems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia R2020.
A-2 User’ s Reference Guide SmartStart T roubleshooting The Status field of the Smar tStar t application will display infor mation and indicate pr oblems as they are detected.
T roubleshooting A-3 Power outages If you suspect that power was restor ed after a power outage, and the Netopia R2020 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia R2020 of f and then back on again. After temporar y power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected.
A-4 User’ s Reference Guide Phone: 1 800-782-6449 Fax: 1 510-814-5023 Netopia, Inc. Customer Ser vice 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, California 94501 USA Netopia Bulletin Board Ser vice: 1 510-865-1321 Online product information Product infor mation can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide W eb ser ver via http://www .
Setting Up Internet Services B-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x B B B B S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g U U U U p p p p II I I n n n n t t t t e .
B-2 User’ s Reference Guide Unique r equirements Make sure the ISP can meet any unique r equirements you may have. Potential r equirements include: ■ Dynamic or static IP addressing ■ Class C IP.
Setting Up Internet Services B-3 Consider expected growth in your network when deciding on the number of addr esses to obtain. Alternatively , you may use the Network Address T ranslation feature of Smar tIP . SmartIP™ The Netopia R2020 with Dual Analog suppor ts the Smar tIP™ feature which includes Network Addr ess T ranslation.
B-4 User’ s Reference Guide in the address block ■ The Ethernet IP addr ess for your Netopia R2020 ■ The Ethernet IP subnet mask addr ess for your Netopia R2020 ■ The Default Gateway IP Addres.
Understanding IP Addressing C-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x C C C C U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d ii i i n n n n g .
C-2 User’ s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the identity of the individual host on the network. The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can var y , as long as cer tain r ules ar e followed.
Understanding IP Addressing C-3 Subnet masks T o cr eate subnets, the network manager must define a subnet mask, a 32-bit number that indicates which bits in an IP address ar e used for network and subnetwork addresses, and which ar e used for host addresses.
C-4 User’ s Reference Guide Network configuration Below is a diagram of a simple network configuration. The ISP is providing a Class C addr ess to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access thr ough this address. Netopia R2020 B connects to Netopia R2020 A and is provided Inter net access through Routers A and B.
Understanding IP Addressing C-5 Background The IP Addresses and r outing configurations for the devices shown in the diagram are outlined below . In addition, each individual field and its meaning are described.
C-6 User’ s Reference Guide There ar e two schemes for distributing the remaining IP addr esses: ■ Manually give each computer an address ■ Let the Netopia R2020 automatically distribute the add.
Understanding IP Addressing C-7 Configuration This section describes the specific IP address lease, r enew , and release mechanisms for both the Mac and PC, with either DHCP or MacIP address ser ving. DHCP Address Serving Windows 95 Workstation: ■ The Win95 workstation requests and r enews its lease ever y half hour .
C-8 User’ s Reference Guide one hour after the last heard lease r equest as some other DHCP implementations may hold on to the lease for an additional time after the lease expired, to act as a buf fer for variances in clocks between the client and ser ver .
Understanding IP Addressing C-9 In any situation where a device is dialing into a Netopia r outer , the router may need to be configured to ser ve IP via the W AN inter face. This is only a r equirement if the calling device has not been configur ed locally to know what its address(es) ar e.
C-10 User’ s Reference Guide The figure above shows an example of a block of IP addr esses being distributed cor rectly . The example follows these r ules: ■ An IP address must not be used as a static addr ess if it is also in a range of addresses being distributed by DHCP or MacIP .
Understanding IP Addressing C-11 Nested IP subnets Under cer tain situations, you may wish to create r emote subnets from the limited number of IP addr esses issued by your ISP or other authority . Y ou can do this using connection pr ofiles. These subnets can be nested within the range of IP addresses available to your network.
C-12 User’ s Reference Guide Routers B and C (which could also be Netopia R2020s) ser ve the two remote networks that ar e subnets of a.b.c.0. The subnetting is accomplished by configuring the Netopia R2020 with connection profiles for Routers B and C (see the following table).
Understanding IP Addressing C-13 The following diagram illustrates the IP address space taken up by the two r emote IP subnets. Y ou can see fr om the diagram why the ter m nested is appropriate for describing these subnets.
C-14 User’ s Reference Guide.
Binary Conversion T able D-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x D D D D B B B B ii i i n n n n a a a a r r r r y y y y C C C C o o o o n n n n v v v v e e e e r r r r s s s.
D-2 User’ s Reference Guide Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y 128 10000000 160 10100000 192 11000000 224 11100000 129 10000001 161 10100001 193 11000001 225 11100001 13.
Further Reading E-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x E E E E F F F F u u u u r r r r t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r R R R R e e e e a a a a d d d d ii i i n n n n g g g g Angell, David. ISDN for Dummies , Foster City , CA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1995.
E-2 User’ s Reference Guide Hares, S. "Components of OSI: Inter-Domain Routing Pr otocol (IDRP)." ConneXions: The Interoperability Repor t, V ol. 6, No. 5: May 1992. Jones, N.E.H. and D. Kosiur . Macworld Networking Handbook . San Mateo, California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Further Reading E-3 Rose, M.T . The Open Book: A Practical Perspective on OSI . Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey: Pr entice Hall; 1990. Rose, M.T . The Simple Book: An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based Inter nets . Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1991.
E-4 User’ s Reference Guide.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information F-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x F F F F T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l S S S.
F-2 User’ s Reference Guide Description Dimensions: 124.0 cm (w) x 20.0 cm (d) x 5.3 cm (h) 9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications inter faces: The Netopia R2020 Dual Analog Router has .
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information F-3 Softwar e and protocols Software media: Softwar e preloaded on inter nal flash memor y; field upgrades done via download to inter nal flash mem.
F-4 User’ s Reference Guide If this device is malfunctioning, it may also be causing har m to the telephone network; this device should be disconnected until the source of the pr oblem can be deter mined and until repair has been made. If this is not done, the telephone company may temporarily disconnect ser vice.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information F-5 Users should ensure for their own pr otection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility , telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if pr esent, are connected together .
F-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
About 56K Line Access G-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x G G G G A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 K K K K L L L L ii i i n n n n e e e e A A A A c c c c c c c c e e e e s s s s s s s s The Netopia R2020 is capable of 56Kbps per line connections.
G-2 User’ s Reference Guide These new techniques treat the phone system as a mostly digital network that just happens to have an analog por tion. There ar e several consequences to the reliance on a half-digital connection. Y our Inter net Ser vice Provider must have digital phone lines to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Glossary 1 G G G G ll l l o o o o s s s s s s s s a a a a r r r r y y y y Access Line: A telephone line reaching fr om the telephone company central of fice to a point usually on your premises. Beyond this point the wir e is considered inside wiring.
2 User’ s Reference Guide byte: A group of bits, nor mally eight, which r epresent one data character . CallerID: See CND. CCITT (Comite Consultatif International T elegraphique et T elephonique): I.
Glossary 3 DNS (Domain Name Ser vice): A TCP/IP protocol for discovering and maintaining network r esource infor mation distributed among dif fer ent ser vers. download: The process of transfer ring a file fr om a ser ver to a client. EIA (Electronic Industr y Association): A Nor th American standar ds association.
4 User’ s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by routers. This is a general ter m, not to be confused with the lar ge, multi-or ganizational collection of IP networks known as the Inter net. An inter net is sometimes also known as an internetwork.
Glossary 5 NA T (Network Address Translation): A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP addr ess, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network.
6 User’ s Reference Guide RFC (Request for Comment): A series of documents used to exchange infor mation and standards about the Internet. RIP (Routing Information Protocol): A pr otocol used for the transmission of IP routing infor mation. RJ-11: A telephone-industr y standard connector type, usually containing four pins.
Glossary 7 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): An open network standar d that defines how devices from dif ferent manufactur ers communicate with each other over one or more inter connected networks.
8 User’ s Reference Guide.
Index-1 II I I n n n n d d d d e e e e x x x x Numerics 10Base-T 4-3 10Base-T , connecting 4-3 56k, about G-1 A accounting configuration 8-23 add static route 10-33 adding a filter set 14-13 advance.
Index-2 configuring profiles for incoming calls. 8-6 configuring ter minal emulation software 5-3 configuring the console 7-11 connecting to an Ethernet network 4-3 connecting to the configuratio.
Index-3 output 14-14 par ts of 14-7 priority 14-5 using 14-12 viewing 14-16 finding an ISP B-1 firewall 14-17 fir mware files updating with TFTP 15-8 updating with XMODEM 15-11 FTP sessions 14-20 .
Index-4 outside ranges 10-6 ser ver lists 10-6 navigating configuration screens 7-8 Easy Setup 5-4 NCSA T elnet 5-3 nested IP subnets C-11 NetBIOS 10-37 , 11-3 NetBIOS scope 10-38 Netopia answering c.
Index-5 Security Options screen 14-2 seeding 12-3 Ser vice Adver tising Pr otocol (SAP) 11-2 setting the IP trap receivers 13-15 show static soutes 10-32 Simple Network Management Protocol, see SNMP S.
Index-6 user accounts 14-2 using filters 14-12 utilities and tests 15-1 V viewing and modifying packet filters 14-23 viewing and modifying SAP filter sets 14-28 viewing IP trap receivers 13-15 view.
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies 1 L L L L ii i i m m m m ii i i t t t t e e e e d d d d W W W W a a a a r r r r r r r r a a a a n n n n t t t t y y y y a a a a n n n n d d d d L L L L ii i.
2 User’ s Reference Guide.
An important point after buying a device Netopia R2020 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Netopia R2020 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Netopia R2020 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Netopia R2020 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Netopia R2020 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Netopia R2020, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Netopia R2020.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Netopia R2020. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Netopia R2020 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
