Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product 960L Lexicon
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Owner’ s Man ual 960L . Digital Effects System.
Important Safety Instructions Sav e these instructions for later use . F ollow all instructions and warnings marked on the unit. Alwa ys use with the correct line v oltage. Ref er to the manuf acturer's operating instructions f or power requirements .
Chapter 1 DESCRIPTION 1-1 About the 960L 1-1 Unpacking the 960L 1-1 THE REAR P ANEL 1-1 I/O Clock Card 1-2 Option Plates 1-2 Analog Input Card 1-2 Analog Output Card 1-2 AES I/O Card 1-2 Mains P ower Switch.
Chapter 5 REVERBERA TION AND REALITY 5-1 SOUND IN SP ACE: A SHORT HIST OR Y OF STEREO AND SURROUND 5-5 ALGORITHMS 5-6 Random Hall 5-6 Surround Hall 5-7 Chamber 5-7 Plate & Surround Plate 5-7 Ambie.
Title of Section 960L Owner’ s Maunal Introduction The Model 960L is a multi-channel re v erb processor f or audio prof essionals. It brings to surround all the vir tues and f acilities of the Model 480L— and then some. Like the 480L, it is a multiple-machine system — hardware and software e xpandable.
1 The Mainframe DESCRIPTION ............................................................1-1 About the 960L ....................................................1-1 Unpacking the 960L ..............................................1-1 THE REAR P ANEL ...
960L Owner’ s Maunal The Mainframe 1-1 About the 960L The 960L system consists of two components: a r ack- mounted Mainframe designed f or remote mounting in machine rooms or elsewhere , and a dedicated controller , the LARC2.
The Mainframe Le xicon, Inc. I/O Clock Car d MIDI Connectors (Five-pin DIN female) • MIDI In Accepts MIDI data from other MIDI-equipped de vices. • MIDI Thr u Retransmits, unchanged, MIDI data receiv ed at the MIDI In connector . • Midi Out T ransmits MIDI data generated or modified by the 960L.
960L Owner’ s Maunal The Mainframe Standby Switc h and Indicator This s witches the 960L between on and standb y; the indicator LED lights when the unit is on.
The Mainframe Le xicon, Inc. DSP-Card Slots T op slot occupied, others reser ved f or future Le xicon cards . CPU Card NLX-type montherboard. Behind the Fr ont P anel 1-4 Figure 1-3 — Front P anel, Open Card slots f or DSP cards. The cards can be remov ed f or service, when instructed by Lexicon Customer Ser vice.
960L Owner’ s Maunal The Mainframe 1-5 Installation Mounting The 960L mounts in stationar y rac ks with f our scre ws. Make sure the 960L Mainframe is securely screwed into the rac k. For mo ving and in roadcases, be sure that suppor t is pro vided f or the rear of the chassis to avoid possible damage .
1-6 960L Owner’ s Maunal The Mainframe Digital A udio Connections The AES interf ace requires balanced connections, using high-quality , low-loss, controlled-impedance , shielded, twisted-pair cables designed f or data communications, such as Belden 9860 (br aided shield) or Belden 9271 (f oil shield).
2 The LARC2 Remote THE LARC2 ................................................................2-1 About the LARC2 ..................................................2-1 Unpacking The LARC2 ..........................................2-1 LARC2 CONTROL SURF ACE .
960L Owner’ s Maunal The LARC2 Remote 2-1 About the LARC2 The 960L is controlled from the LARC2. While the LARC2 is a completely new remote , its operation will seem f amiliar to users of the LARC remote used with the Le xicon 224XL and 480L.
960L Owner ’ s Manual The LARC2 Remote 2-2 LARC2 Contr ol Surface Figure 2-2 — The LARC2 Control Surface Signal present, -6dB and ov erload indicators Soft buttons Numeric keypad Mode ke ys Mute M.
960L Owner ’ s Maunal The LARC2 Remote 2-3 In general, the LARC2 ’ s faders and jo ystick are used to control audio parameters of y our choice, while all other buttons select oper ations and parameters . That means you ha v e se v eral f ast ways to oper ate the 960L.
960L Owner ’ s Manual The LARC2 Remote 2-4 Navigating T ypical Displa y Screens The use and navigation of the displa y will be illustrated with the screen shown in Figure 2-4, from Algorithm Edit Mode. Bring up this screen by pressing the EDIT and then ALGORITHM buttons.
960L Owner ’ s Maunal The LARC2 Remote 2-5 About the F aders and Jo ystick The f aders and jo ystick alw a ys control some aspect of the audio , no matter what mode the 960L is in. It is the active control mode that determines which audio parameters are controlled.
The LARC2 Remote Le xicon, Inc. A simple meter bridge above the displa y holds three LEDs per channel. The lowest LED indicates that a signal is present, defined as a le v el of – 60 dBFS or more. When lev els exceed – 6 dBFS , the middle LED lights as a warning of reduced headroom.
3 Basic Operation AN O VER VIEW OF THE CONTROLS ........................3-1 A QUICK GUIDE T O OPERA TION ..............................3-2 (1) Setup (Control Mode) ......................................3-2 (2) Machine Selection .......................
960L Owner’ s Maunal Basic Operations Basic Operation This chapter provides a quic k description of how to operate the 960L. Chapter 4, Operations in Detail, provides a more complete description of all av ailable functionality .
Basic Operations Le xicon, Inc. Basically , using the 960L inv olv es only the f ollowing: 1) Setting up the system for the job . 2) Selecting a machine. 3) Loading the Programs and Registers you w ant. 4) Editing the Program or Register parameters with the f aders and jo ystick.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Basic Operations 3-3 Ne xt, press the CONFIG soft button to select the input/output configuration. Depending on the sample rate and input/output configuration y ou select, the 960L can be configured as up to f our vir tual machines, each of which can be programmed individually .
Basic Operations Le xicon, Inc. 3-4 If you selected a cloc k rate of 88.2 or 96 kHz, y ou’ll get a screen like Fig. 3-4, which gives y ou a choice of two processing configurations: 1) Stereo in and out, using one or two machines 2) One machine, with 5 channels in and 5 channels out.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Basic Operations 3-5 (2) Machine Selection In most configurations, the 960L giv es you more than one processing machine to work with, each of which can be programmed individually . T o select the machine you wish to prog ram, use the f ollowing steps: • Hold down the MACHINE k ey on the LARC2’ s control surf ace.
Basic Operations Le xicon, Inc. 3-6 (4) Editing a Program or Register Once a Program or Register is loaded, y ou can edit it to get e xactly the eff ect you w ant.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Basic Operations T o enter Name or Information: • Using the LARC2, use the Increment/Decrement (+/-) ke ys to scroll between char acter positions in the Name or Inf ormation display and the Navigation Arro ws to select the desired character from the matrix below , then press the ENTER ke y to finalize y our selection.
4 Operations in Detail LOADING PR OGRAMS AND REGISTERS ..................................4-1 Loading Programs ..................................................................4-1 Loading Registers .....................................................
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail With more than 200 f actor y Progr ams to choose from, plus up to 1,000 Registers of your o wn creation, y ou’ll probably spend most of y our time with the 960L loading the eff ects you w ant.
Loading Registers Loading Registers is similar to loading Programs . Press the REGISTER K e y instead of the PROGRAM K ey . This will bring up a similar screen (Fig. 4-2) The only diff erences are the use of the word "Register" instead of "Program" and the addition of tw o soft buttons f or labeling.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail The LARC2’ s CONTROL ke y provides access to the 960L ’ s wordcloc k, input/output configuration, and system inf ormation. Note that only three soft buttons operate in this mode. The f aders and jo ystick remain assigned to whate v er audio parameters are on the V -P age.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. Use the Right Navigation Arro w to get to the Rate displa y . F or inter nal wordclock, y ou must select the e xact rate , as sho wn in Fig. 4-3. F or e xter nal wordclock via the BNC or AES inputs, y ou need only select 44.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail Note: As shown in these tab les, AES inputs (and outputs) ha ve two channels per ph ysical connection. On the back panel, these are labeled 1-2, 3-4, etc.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. In 5-Channel configurations, all a vailable machines are configured f or surround or other multi-channel uses . F or one configuration (Fig. 4-7), one machine is configured as 5-in/5-out, the other as 2-in/5-out, both sharing the same output channels.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail There are also 8-in/8-out configurations (Figure 4-9). No effects processing is a vailable in this configur ation, but it is useful f or wiring checks and diagnostics. Contr ol Mode: Clocks, Configuration, and System Screens, continued 4-7 Figure 4-8 — 2-in/5-out configuration at 44.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. Analog and Digital I/O The 960L ma y be set f or either analog or digital input. In the Configuration e xamples sho wn abov e, the inputs are analog, as shown b y the legend "AN1" abov e each input number .
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail The 960L ’ s Programs and Registers can be edited in se v eral wa ys: • Changing the settings of the parameters with the f aders and jo ystick • Adjus.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. Editing with the Joystic k Check the Jo ystick Status Displa y to see what parameters are currently assigned to the jo ystic k and what their current settings are. Note whether the JO YSTICK K ey on the LARC2 control surf ace is illuminated or not.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail Editing Inputs and Outputs The LARC2’ s joystic k can be used to place any input or output signals anywhere in the soundfield.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. When you press the JO YSTICK key , the input position jumps to the jo ystick position, and the setting dot turns from red to green, highlighting the jo ystic k cursor (as shown on the Jo ystick Map and on the smaller map of the selected input).
The 960L Surround P anning Rules The 960L does not produce a phantom center in surround modes, and no signal will appear in both the left and right output channels, no matter where y ou set the jo ystic k. In other words, panning across the front is either betw een Left and Center or between Right and Center .
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. Editing, Continued 4-14 Figure 4-21 — Edit V -P age screen; programming fader s. The V -Pa ge and Parameter Reassignment • Press the EDIT ke y on the LARC2 control surf ace. • Press the V -P A GE soft b utton.
• Pressing the J-STICK soft button pops up a numbered list of the two jo ystick ax es and their assigned parameters (Figure 4-22). T o assign your selected par ameter to a jo ystick axis , type the axis number on the Numeric K e ypad. Note: Y ou must already hav e selected a parameter bef ore you get to this screen.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. When you’v e edited a Program or Register until it just meets your needs , y ou can store it as a Register and label it f or future use.
960L Owner’ s Maunal Operations in Detail The 960L provides tools to help y ou organize the registers y ou make. T o access the tools, press the REGISTER ke y and then the OPTION soft b utton.
Operations in Detail Le xicon, Inc. 4-18 Edit T ools f or Register s Pressing the EDIT soft button accesses three tools: 1) Copy Bank -- When 1 is pressed on the Numeric K e ypad, the contents of the currently selected Program or Register Bank are copied to an internal scratchpad.
5 Using the Re verb Pr ograms REVERBERA TION AND REALITY ............................5-1 SOUND IN SP ACE: A SHORT HIST OR Y OF STEREO AND SURROUND ..........................5-5 ALGORITHMS ............................................................5-6 Random Hall .
960L Owner’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program Music recorded in a typical studio sounds dull. In a perf ormance space the music is enhanced by re v erberation, b ut e ven in an ideal space capturing that re v erberation can be chancy .
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. phrases. Reflections alter our sense of direction, distance, and hall shape in w a ys that depend on the duration and comple xity of the notes , and on the proper ties of the spaces between notes. But human perception is more comple x than just direction, distance, and room shape .
960L Owner’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program 5-3 send if we wish, and control the distance or depth of each sound source by controlling the amplitude of this source in the echo send. But distance is not the only perception we need. We need the env elopment that makes notes come alive .
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. Reverberation and Reality , Continued 5-4 length that is perceived, and the beha vior of the reflections can be quite diff erent when the sound e v ent is shor t compared to when the sound ev ent is long.
960L Owner ’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program The earliest effor ts to improv e sound reproduction concentrated on broadening frequency response and reducing distor tion and noise. But ev en b y the late 1930s, it w as obvious that eliminating those barriers to sonic realism weren ’ t enough.
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. aff ordable large-screen TVs, Dolb y Pro Logic , which added logic steering to the basic matr ix decoder , and Home THX cinema, which imposed common standards on home surround equipment.
960L Owner ’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program le v el; this simulates a v ery diffused reflection off the back w all of the hall, helping to create a sense of size and space. This reflection becomes stronger and stronger , reaching optimal loudness when Shape is at about 2/3 of its range.
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. Ambient Chamber Ambient Chamber is a h ybrid of the stereo Ambience and Chamber algorithms. It applies front left, center , and right signals to the ambience algor ithm and front LCR plus rear signals to the chamber algorithm.
960L Owner ’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program P arameters Used in the 960L Algorithms 5-9 P arameter Name AmbPreD AmbSize AmbLvl BassMult BassXO V Contour CtrRvb Definition Diffus P arameter Description Ambience PreDelay (Ambience only) controls the time of a predela y that precedes the early reflection (ambience) component of Stereo Ambience.
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. P arameters Used in the 960L Algorithms, Continued 5-10 dL>L, dR>R, dL>R, dR>L, dLF>LF , dLF>LS, dLF>RF , dLF>RS, dLS>LF , dLS>LS.
960L Owner ’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program P arameters Used in the 960L Algorithms, Continued 5-11 FbckL, FbckR, FbckLF , FbckLS, FbckRF , FbckRS FbkMST FrRoll FrRvb FSDly FSLvl FSRoll InLvl Echo Feedbac k. Some reflection delays ha ve echo capabilities.
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. 5-12 P arameters Used in the 960L Algorithms, Continued LvL>L, LvR>R, LvL>R, LvR>L, LvLF>LF , LvLF>LS, LvLF>RF , LvLF>RS, LvLS>LF , .
960L Owner ’ s Maunal Using The Rev erb Program P arameters Used in the 960L Algorithms, Continued 5-13 RearRoll RearRvb RShape RSpread RtHicut RvbLvl RvbPreD Shape Shelf Rear Rolloff (Surround algorithms only).
Using The Rev erb Program Le xicon, Inc. P arameters Used in the 960L Algorithms, Continued 5-14 Size Slope Spin Spread Steering W ander Size is a scale factor that alters the length of most of the re verb ’ s delay elements .
6 MIDI MIDI ..........................................................................6-1 Nomenclature ........................................................6-1 MIDI Channel Allocation ......................................6-1 Program Loading ......
960L Owner’ s Maunal MIDI 6-1 The MIDI implementation f or the Re v 1 960L is v er y basic. Since the implementation is fix ed, there is no user interf ace f or modifying it. Nomenclature Numbering in MIDI, i.e. channel number , progr am numbers, etc.
MIDI Le xicon, Inc. MIDI, Continued 6-2 Program Loading Because of the large number of potential Progr ams in the 960L, Program Change messages are used along with the Bank Select e xtension to provide MIDI Program selection. Controllers 0 and 32 are sent to the system, f ollow ed by a Prog ram Change message to select a program.
960L Owner’ s Maunal MIDI 6-3 The only Syse x message suppor ted b y the 960L is the "Inquir y Message". The 960L will respond with the standard descriptor , as defined in the "MIDI 1.
MIDI Le xicon, Inc. 6-4 MIDI Implementation Char t Lexicon 960L Date: 20 Apr il, 2000 V ersion 1.0 Function T ransmitted Recognized Remarks Basic Def ault X 1-16 Channe l Changed X X Mode Def ault X M.
Specifications.
960L Mainframe Analog Input Connectors Eight, F emale XLR Impedance 50K ohm, balanced Level (f or 0 dbFS) +24dBu Freq Response @48K 20Hz-20KHz, ±1db Freq Response @96K 20Hz-40KHz, ±1db A/D Con ver sion 24 bits 128x ov ersampled A/D Dyn Range >110 dB (20-20kHz) THD <.
Specifications 960L Owner’ s Maunal Reverb Car d Configuration s 48K Stereo Machines Four 2in x 5out Machines T wo 5in x 5out Machines T wo 96K Stereo Machines T wo 2in x 5out Machines One 5in x 5out Machines One Internal Hard Disk Stora ge Factory Pr ograms 240 User Registers 1000 Remov able 3.
LARC2 User Interface Display T ype P assiv e Matrix LCD Resolution 640x240 Colors 256 Backlight Fluorescent Contrast HW controlled (rear panel) Brightness SW controlled LED Meter Bridge Configuration 8 channels x 3 le v els Levels -60dBFS (Signal) -6dBFS -0.
Appendix.
A-1 Appendix Le xicon Appendix: Pr ogram Descriptions 12 3456 78 9 0 1- *Halls 1 Large Hall Medium Hall Small Hall Med Large Hall Key Hall Acoustic Fill Long, Brite Space Jazz Hall Large Church Small .
A-2 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued 1 2 3456 78 9 0 1- Halls 1 Large Hall Medium Hall Small Hall Acoustic Fill Auto Park Jazz Hall Large Church Small Church 2- Halls 2 Large Choir Hall Med Choir.
A-3 960L Owner’ s Maunal Appendix Appendix, continued *Surround-Halls Number Na m e Algorithm Description B1 P1 Large Hall Surround Hall A large sized random hall with the musicians placed in the middle and a relatively long MidRT. B1 P2 Medium Hall Surround Hall A little smaller than Large Hall.
A-4 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued *Surround-Halls+Ambience Number Na m e Algorithm Description B3 P1 Lg Stage + Hall Surround Ambience A stage in the front and hall around you. This one is about a 33 meter stage and a 38 meter hall. B3 P2 Med Stage + Hall Surround Ambience A stage in the front and hall around you.
A-5 960L Owner’ s Maunal Appendix Appendix, continued *Surround - Chamber + Ambience Number Na m e Algorithm Description B5 P1 Large + Chamber Ambient Chamber A Large recital hall with a stage. B5 P2 Med + Chamber Ambient Chamber Medium-sized Ambience up front with about a 1.
A-6 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued *Surround - Plates Number Na m e Algorithm Description B7 P1 Large Plate Surround Plate A standard large plate. Plenty of sizzle. This program is great on pop vocals and guitars. B7 P2 Medium Plate Surround Plate Larger version of Small Plate.
A-7 960L Owner’ s Maunal Appendix Appendix, continued *Surround - Halls + Ambience Number Na m e Algorithm Description B9 P1 Very Large Amb Surround Ambience Resembles a very large ambient space that has more "clutter" than a concert hall or performance space.
A-8 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued *Surround - Stylized Spaces for Post-Production Environments Number Na m e Algorithm Description B11 P1 Large Closet Surround Chamber Big walk-in. Use Rolloff, RtHicut, and MidRT to fill it up or empty it out.
A-9 960L Owner’ s Maunal Appendix Appendix, continued Stereo - Halls Number Na m e Algorithm Description B1 P1 Large Hall Random Hall Provides the sense of space and ambience of a Large concert hall with the source placed in the center of the hall, away from nearby walls.
A-10 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued Stereo - Chambers Number Na m e Algorithm Description B4 P1 Medium Chamber Chamber A medium-sized empty chamber with reflective walls and about one second MidRT. B4 P2 Snare Chamber Chamber Smaller in size than Medium Chamber and about 1/2 second MidRT.
A-11 960L Owner’ s Maunal Appendix Appendix, continued Stereo Bank 6: Rooms Stereo Rooms Number Na m e Algorithm Description B6 P1 Large Room Random Hall Large Room resembles a good-sized lecture room. It is smaller than Music Club, and more colored, with comb filtering and slap echoes.
A-12 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued Stereo - Ambience Number Na m e Algorithm Description B9 P1 Very LG Ambience Plate Resembles a very large ambient space (large shopping mall, parking garage, warehouse) that has far more "clutter" than a concert hall or performance environment.
A-13 960L Owner’ s Maunal Appendix Appendix, continued Stereo - Unnatural and Effect Spaces Number Na m e Algorithm Description B10 P1 Brick Wall Ambience Brick Wall, as in running into, rather than sounding similar to. This program can best be described as a subtle gated inverse room, but it's really much more.
A-14 Appendix Le xicon Appendix, continued Stereo - Stylized Spaces for Post-Production Environment Number Na m e Algorithm Description B12 P1 Car Interior Ambience It's a 4-door. Raise the value of Shape to make it a station wagon or SUV. Raise the Ambience level to close the windows.
An important point after buying a device Lexicon 960L (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Lexicon 960L yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Lexicon 960L - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Lexicon 960L you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Lexicon 960L will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Lexicon 960L, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Lexicon 960L.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Lexicon 960L. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Lexicon 960L along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
