Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product GSW-2493 LevelOne
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GSW-2493 4-slot modularized L2 SNMP Switch User Guide.
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Contents 1. INTRO DUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 Featur es ..............................................................................................................
About Web-bas ed Managem ent ................................................................................. 60 Preparing for W eb Managem ent ................................................................................. 60 Online He lp ........
Diagnosing LED Indicato rs ....................................................................................... 105 Cablin g ................................................................................................ 105 7. TECHNICAL SP ECIFICAT ION .
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1 1. Introduction LevelOne GSW-2493, 4-slot intelli gent chassis switch, is a modular switch that can be used to build high-performance switched workgroup networks. This switch is a store-and-forward device that offers low latency for high-speed networking.
2 Stack management via one IP addre ss, easy management by Web GUI IGMP support for Multi Media application Support IEEE 802.1p class of service Port security supported Port bandwidth control supported Support IEEE 802.1d Spann ing tree protocol Supports GVRP function PortBase VLAN/802.
3 Port Trunk Support IEEE802.3ad with LACP function and provide 7-trunk group of 4 mem ber ports within 26 ports Spanning Tree IEEE802.1d spanning Tree VLAN Port based VLAN IEEE802.
4 Stacking The switch provide Stack Grouping feature and through master switch interface can manage and stack up to 8 units. 802.1x Support IEEE802.1x User- A uthentication and can report to RADIUS server.
5 R a c k - m o u n t e d K i t P o w e r C o r d U s e r M a n u a l Figure 1-2. Package Contents Compare the contents of your GSW-2493 pa ckage with the standard checklist above. IF any item is missing or damaged, please contact your local dealer for service.
6 2. Hardware Description This Section mainly describes the hardw are of the GSW-2493, and gives a physical and functional overview of the switch. P h y s i c a l D i m e n s i o n The GSW-2493 physical dimension is 440mm(W) x 280mm(D) x 44mm(H) . F r o n t P a n e l The Front Panel of the GSW- 2493 consists of 3 module sl ots.
7 Green The port is connecting with the device. Blinks The port is receiving or transmitting data. LNK/ACT Off No device attached. Orange The port is operati ng in Full-duplex mode. Blinks Collision of Packets occurs in the port. FDX/COL Off In half-duplex mode Table 2-1.
8 Attaching Rubber Feet A. Make sure mounting surface on the botto m of the Switch is grease and dust free. B. Remove adhesive backing from your Rubber Feet. C. Apply the Rubber Feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These footpads can prevent the Switch from shock/vibration.
9 3. Network Application GSW-2493 is designed as a segment switch. T hat is, with its large address table (8000 MAC address) and high performance, it is ideal for interconnecting networking segments. PC, workstations, and servers can communica te each other by dire ctly connecting with GSW-2493.
10 devices to manage); management applications r epresent the Stack as a single device, and simple point and click management. Stack able technology allows you to increase the resiliency and the versatilit y of your network edge to accommodate evolution for speed and converged applications.
11 4. Console Management Login in the Console Interface When the connection between Switch and PC is ready, turn on the PC and run a terminal emulation program or Hyper Terminal and configure its comm.
12 Console login screen M a i n M e n u There are five selections as follow. Status and Counters: Show the status of the switch. Switch Static Configuration: Configure the switch. Protocol Related Configuration: Configure the protocol function.
13 Main menu line interface Control Key description: The control keys provided in all menus: Tab: Move the vernier to next item. Backspace: Move the vernier to previous item. Enter: Select item. Space: Toggle selected item to next configure or change the value.
14 Function Description Status and Counters In Status and Counters, you can view Po rt status, counters , and configure system parameter. You can press the “ Tab ” or “ Backspace ” to choose item , and press “ Enter ” key to select item. Status and Counters interface Port Status It displays status of port.
15 Negotiation: display the auto negotiation status. FC: display the flow control stat us is “enable” or “disable”. BP: displa y backpr essure status. Bandwidt h In/Out: display bandwidth In/out control status. Priority: display th e port priorit y status.
16 Port counter information interface System Information It displays the system parameter. 1. System Name: the name of device. 2. System Location: where the device is located. 3. System Description: the name of device type. 4. Firmware Version: the switch’s firmware version.
17 System Information interface.
18 Switch Static Configuration In Switch Static Configurati on, it has 8 main functions – Administration, Port, Trunk, Port Mirroring, VLAN, Priority, MAC Addr ess, and Misc Configur ation. Under each function, there are more sub-functions. We will descr ibe in following paragraph.
19 Administration Configuration main interface Device Information You can configure the device information. 1. Select <Edit> action to configure. 2. Name: assign the name for the switch. 3. Description: a short description for the switch. 4. Location: the switch location, ex: Taipei.
20 Device Information interface IP Configuration You can configure the IP for this switch. The system has the default IP address. You can re-configure or use the default value. 1. Select the <Edit> 2. DHCP Client: disable or enable the DHCP client function.
21 IP Configuration interface User Name Configuration You can change the console and w eb management login user name. 1. Select the <Edit> 2. Enter the new user name 3.
22 Password Configuration You can change the console and web management login password. 1. Select the <Edit> 2. Old Password: enter the old password. 3. New Password: enter the new password. 4. Enter Again: reenter the new password for confirmation.
23 mode). 7. BP: enable or disable Back Pressure function (Backpressure for half duple x mode). 8. Bandwidth In/ Out: per port packet transmission rate control. Per level is 100Kbps. It supports individual control method of TX and RX. 9. Priority: set port to high or low priority.
24 Trunk Configuration interface Port Mirroring Configuration The port mirroring is a method for monitor tr affic of switched networks. The specific port can monitor traffic through the mirror ports. The monitored ports in or out traffic will be duplicated into monitoring port.
25 Port Mirroring interface 3. Analysis port: Set the destination port of mirrori ng packet. All of the packets of mirroring port will be duplicated and sent to Analysis port. 4. Port State: use “ Space ” key to mark the port that wanted to be mirrored.
26 VLAN Configuration You can configure VLAN in VL AN Configuration. There ar e four functions in VLAN Configuration mode: VL AN Configuration, Create a VL AN Group, Edit/Delete VLAN Group and Group Sorted Node. Follow the bel ow description to configure VLAN.
27 ¾ Acceptable Frame type: It matches that Ingress Filtering Rule 2 on web. Drop untagged frame. Press “ Space ” key to select drop or forward the untagged frame. 3. Select <Save> to save the configuration. VLAN Configure interface Create VLAN Group Create Port-Based VLAN 1.
28 Create VLAN Group: PortBase interface Create 802.1Q VLAN 1. Enable security VLAN setting: select to enable or dis able security VLAN group. When you select to enable security VLAN group, only the memb ers in this VLAN group can access to the switch.
29 2. Select <Edit> . 3. VLAN Name: Type a name for the new VLAN, ex: VLAN01. 4. VLAN ID: Type a VID (between 1~4094). The def ault is 1. There are 256 VLAN groups to provided configure. 5. Protocol VLAN: Press “ Space ” key to choose protocols type.
30 ports from this VLAN group. 4. After edit or delete the VLAN, select <Save> action to save all configures value. NOTE: 1. The VLAN Name and VLAN ID cannot modify. 2. In 802.1Q VLAN mode, the def ault VLAN can’t be deleting. 3. In Port Base VLAN mode, there is no default VLAN.
31 Group Sorted Mode interface.
32 Priority Configurati on You can configure port priority level. There ar e 0~7-priority level can map to high or low queue. 1. Select <Edit> . 2. Press “ Space ” key to select the priority le vel mapping to high or low queue. 3. Qos Mode: select the mode to process incoming packets.
33 Priority Configuration interface MAC Address Configuration When you add a static MAC address, it re mains in the switch's address table, regardless of whether the devic e is physically connected to the switch.
34 Static MAC Address Add the Static MAC Address You can add static MAC address in switch MAC table. 1. Select <Add> Æ <Edit> key to add the static MAC address. 2. MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of the port that should permanently forward traffic, regardless of the device network activity.
35 Delete static MAC address 1. Select <Delete> key. 2. Choose the MAC address that you want to delete and then press “ Enter ”. 3. When pressing “ Enter ” will complete deletion. Filtering MAC Address You can add, delete, and edi t filtering MAC address.
36 Add Filtering MAC Address interface Edit Filtering MAC address 1. Select <Edit> key to modify a stat ic Filtering address. 2. Choose the MAC address that you want to modify and then press “ Enter ”. 3. Select <Edit> key to modify.
37 MAC Address Ageing Time: MAC address table refresh time setting. Type the number of seconds that an inactive MAC ad dress remains in the switch’s address table. The valid range is 0, 300~ 765 seconds. Default is 300 seconds. Broadcast Storm Filter mode: configure the broadcast st orm filter mode.
38 in stacking group. When the stacking group is set up, you can only configure the slave switches through the master switch. Note: 1. Before configuring the stacking function, make sure all stack switches are in the same network. 2. Configure stacking function; you must configure the master switch first.
39 Protocol Related Configuration You can configure Spanning Tree Protocol, SNMP, LACP, IGMP/GVRP, and 802.1x in Protocol Relate Conf iguration section. Protocol Relate Configuration interfa ce STP Spanning tree is a link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable l oops in the network.
40 STP Setup You must enable Spanning Tree functi on before configure STP function. 1. Select <Edit> 2. Use “ Space ” key to select the option. 3. Select <Save> . STP Setup interface System Configuration You can configure the STP system param eter after enable the STP function.
41 STP System Configuration interface Per Port Setting 1. Select <Edit> . 2. Path Cost: specifies the path cost of the port that switch uses to determine which port are the forwarding ports. 3. Priority: This is mean port priority; you can ma ke it more or less likely to become the root port.
42 Per Port Setting interface SNMP To define management stations as trap managers and to enter SNMP community strings. You can also define a name, loca tion, and contact person for the switch.
43 SNMP System Options 1. Press <Edit> . 2. Name: assign a name for the switch. 3. Contact: Type the name of contac t person or organization. 4. Location: Type the location of the switch. 5. Press “ ESC ” goes back action menu line. 6. Press <Save> to save configure value.
44 Add Community Strings interface Edit Community Name 1. Select <Edit> 2. Choose the item that you w ant to modify and then press “ Enter ” . 3. Community Name: type the new name. 4. Write Access: Press “ Space ” key to change the right.
45 Delete Community Name 1. Select <Delete> . 2. Choose the community name that y ou want to delete and then press “ Enter ”. 3. When pressing “ Enter ” will complete deletion. Trap Managers A trap manager is a management station that receives traps, the system alerts generated by the switch.
46 Add Trap Manager interfac e Delete Trap Manager 1. Select <Delete> 2. Choose the trap manager that you want to delete and then press “ Enter ”.
47 LACP Configuration interface Working Ports Setting 1. Select <Edit> 2. Group: Display the trunk group ID. 3. LACP: Press “ Space ” key to enable or disable LA CP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) support. When LACP enable, the group is LACP static trunk group.
48 LACP Working Ports configuration interfa ce LACP State Activity 1. Select <Edit> 2. Use “ Space ” key to select the Port State Activity. Active: The port automatically sends LACP protocol packets.
49 Group Status When you setting trunk group, you can s ee the relation information in here. LACP Group State interface IGMP/GVRP You can enable or disable the IG MP/GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol). 1. Select <Edit> 2. Use “ Space ” key to change the value 3.
50 IGMP/GVRP Configuration interface 802.1x 802.1x Configuration interface 802.1x Setup 1. Select <Edit> 2. Use “ Space ” key to Enable or Disable the 802.
51 3. Select <Save> 802.1x Setup interface System Configuration After enabling the IEEE 802.1X function, you can configure the parameters of this function.
52 802.1x System Configuration interface Per Port Configuration You can configure 802.1x aut hentication state for each port. The State provides Disable, Accept, Reject and Authorize.
53 Misc Configuration 1. Select <Edit> 2. Quiet period: set the period during which th e port doesn’t try to acquire a supplicant. 3. TX period: set the period the port wait fo r retransmit next EAPOL PDU during an authentication session.
54 System Reset Configuration System Reset Configuration interface Factory Default Reset switch to default configuration. Press “ Y ”, switch will load default setting.
55 System Reboot Reboot the switch in software reset. TFTP Configuration It provides user to update firmware or restore EEPROM value or upload current EEPROM value. TFTP Update Firmware interface Update Firmware It provides user uses TFTP to update firmware.
56 Update Firmware interface TFTP Restore Configuration You can restore EEPROM value, which sa ved in TFTP server, from TFTP server. 1. Start the TFTP server. 2. Select <Edit> . 3. TFTP Server IP: type the IP of TFTP server. 4. Restore File Name: type the image file name.
57 TFTP Restore Configuration interface TFTP Backup Configuration You can save current EEPROM value to TFTP server as backup. The backup file can be restore from TFTP server when you need. 1. Start the TFTP server. 2. Select <Edit> . 3. TFTP Server IP: type the IP of TFTP server.
58 TFTP Backup Configuration interface X-modem Upgrade Before using X-modem upgrade, disconnect terminal and modify baud rate to 57600bps, then connect again. 1. Press “ X ” key to start upgrading from X-modem. 2. You will see the following screen displays.
59 6. After successfully upgraded the new fi rmware, please modify baud rate to 9600bps..
60 5. Web-Based Management This section introduces the configur ation and functions of the Web-Based management. If your OS is Windows XP with Service Pack 2, please disable the windows firewall before connecting to UI. About Web-based Management Inside the CPU board of the switch exis ts an embedded HTML web site residing in flash memory.
61 Password: root Online Help You can click Hel p button when you have any configuration question during the configuring. System Login 1. Launch the Internet Explorer. 2. Type http:// and the IP addr ess of the switch. Press “ Enter ”. 3. The login screen appears.
62 GSW-2493 Port status In Port status, you can view every port status that depended on user setting and the negotiation result. 1. Port: display the number of port. The first integer is the module slot number. The second integer is the port num ber in the module.
63 8. Back Pressure: Display the Back Pressure status setting. “Config” means the value that user configured. “Actual” means the current value of the port. 9. Bandwidth In/ Out: display the port incoming and outgoing bandwidth. 10. Priority: display the port static priority status is “High” or “Low” or “Disable”.
64 Port information interface Port Statistics The following information provides a view of the current port statistic information. Click Cl ea r button to clean all counts.
65 Port Statistics Administrator In Administrator function, it provides the following functions: IP Configuration, Switch Settings, C onsole Port Information, Port Controls, Trunking, Forwarding and Filtering, VL AN Configuration, Spanning Tree, Port Mirroring, SNMP Management, Security Manager, and 802.
66 IP configuration interface Switch Setting In Switch setting, it has three parts of se tting – Basic, Advance, and Misc Config. We will describe the configur e detail in following. Basic Switch Settings In Basic Switch Setting, it disp lays the switch basic information.
67 Switch basic sett ing interface Advanced Setting In Advanced setting, it has two sections – MAC Table Address Entry and Priority Queue Service. After the configuration, click Ap p ly button to complete the configuration. Enable MAC address Aging Out: to enable the MAC address age out function.
68 port's total bandwidth used by broadcast traffic. When broadcast traffic for a port rises above the threshold you se t, broadcast storm control becomes active. The valid threshold value are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and off. Switch Advanced setting interface 802.
69 Misc Config Collisions Retry Forever: disable is in half duplex. If happen collision will retry 48 times and then drop frame. Enable is in half duplex. If happen collision will retry forever. Hash Algorithm: CRC Hash or Direct Map for MAC address learning algorithm IFG Compensation: Internal Packet Gap time com pensation configure.
70 within a network: 1. Auto mode needs to be enabled when the router’s IP address is smaller than other switches in the subnet. 2. IGMP needs to be enabled when the router’s IP address is not smaller than other switches in the subnet. This Router supports IGMP protocol, but IGMP has to be enabled, and the Router has to be the Querier.
71 3. The following topology must be set when the IP address of the switch is not the smallest in the subnet. The network will cause a multi-cast storm from the IGMP client report if it is in Auto mode. All switches must be in disable mode when the VOD server is configured for IGMP Querier.
72 Console Port Information Console is a standard UART interface to communicate with Serial Port. User can use windows HyperTerminal program to link the switch.
73 Pressure to confine the ingress rate to meet the specified rate. In: fill in the port effective ingress rate. The valid range is 0 ~ 1000. The unit is 100K. 0: disable rate control. 1 ~ 1000: valid rate value. Out: fill in the port effective egress rate.
74 Group, and enable its transmission and reception functions in an orderly manner. Link aggregation lets you group up to eight c onsecutive ports into a single dedicated connection. This feature can expand bandw idth to a device on the network. LACP operation requires full-duplex mode, more detail information refers to IEEE 802.
75 Trunking— Aggregator Setting interf ace Aggregator Information When you had setup the LACP aggregator, you will see relation information in here. Trunking – Aggregator Information interface.
76 Aggregator Information State Acti vity When you had setup the LACP aggregator, you can configur e port state activity. You can mark or un-mark the port. When you mark the port and click App ly button the port state activity will change to Active . Opposite is Passive .
77 Forwarding and Filtering IGMP Snooping The switch support IP multicast, you can enable IGMP protocol on web management’s switch setting advanced page, then display the IGMP snooping information in this page, you can view difference multicast group VI D and member port in here, IP multicast addresses range from 224.
78 IGMP Snooping interface Static MAC Address When you add a static MAC address, it re mains in the switch's address table, regardless of whether the devic e is physically connected to the switch.
79 Static MAC Address interface MAC filtering MAC address filtering allows the switch to drop unwanted tr affic. Traffic is filtered based on the destination addresses. 1. In MAC Address box, enter the MAC addres s that wants to filter. 2. VLAN ID: If tag-based (802.
80 MAC Filtering interface VLAN configuration A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical network grouping that limits the broadcast domain. It allows you to isolate network traffic so onl y members of the VLAN receive traffic from the same VLAN members.
81 VLAN Configuration interface Port-based VLAN Packets can go among only mem bers of the same VLAN group. Note all unselected ports are treated as belonging to another single VLAN.
82 VLAN – PortBase interface 1. Click Ad d >> to create a new VLAN group. 2. Enter the VLAN name, group ID and select the members of VLAN group.
83 Add PortBase VLAN interface 4. You will see the VLAN displays. PortBase VLAN group list interface.
84 5. If the groups’ list is over one page, you can click Nex t P a ge to view other VLAN groups. 6. Use Del et e button to delete unwanted VLAN. 7. Use Ed i t button to modify ex isting VLAN group. 802.1Q VLAN Tagged-based VLAN is an IEEE 802.1Q specif ication standard.
85 802.1q VLAN interface Basic 1. Click A dd button. 2. Enable GVRP Protocol: check the check box to enable GVRP protocol. 3. Group Name: assign a name for the new VLAN. 4. VLAN ID: fill in a VLAN ID (between 2-4094). The default is 1. 5. Protocol VLAN: choose the protocol type.
86 Add 802.1q VLAN interface -1 7. Click Ne x t . Then you will see the page as follow. Add 802.1q VLAN interface -1 8. To set the outgoing frames are VLAN -Tagged frames or untagged.
87 Ap p ly . Tag: outgoing fram es with VLAN-Tagged. Untag: outgoing frames without VLAN-Tagged. Port VID: Configure port VID settings 1. Port VLAN ID: enter the port VLAN ID. 2. Ingress Filtering: Ingress filtering lets frames bel onging to a specific VLAN to be forwarded if the port belongs to that VLAN.
88 802.1q VLAN – Port VLAN ID interface Spanning Tree The Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) is a standardized method (IEEE 802.1d) for avoiding loops in switched networks. When STP enabled, to ensure that only one path at a time is active between any two nodes on the network.
89 Spanning Tree – System Configuration interface System Confi gurati on 1. You can view spanning tree info rmation about the Root Bridge. 2. You can view spanning tr ee status about the switch. 3. You can modify STP state. After modification, click Ap p l y button.
90 3. Assign the port priority va lue. The value range is from 0 to 255. The lowest value has higher priority. 4. Click App ly button. SPT – Per Port Configuration interface Port Mirroring The Port mirroring is a method for monitor tr affic in switched netwo rks.
91 2. Analysis Port: It’s mean mirror port can be used to see all monitor port traffic. You can connect mirror port to LAN analyzer or Netxray. 3. Monitor Port: the ports you want to monitor. A ll monitor port traffic will be copied to mirror port. You can select max 25 monitor ports in the switch.
92 You can define management stations as tr ap managers and to enter SNMP community strings. You also can define a name, location, and contact person for the switch. Fill in the system options data, and then click Apply to update the changes. System Options 1.
93 MIB-object information. 3. RW: Read write. Enables requests accompanied by this string to display MIB-object information and to set MIB objects. 4. Click A dd . Trap Manager A trap manager is a management station that receives traps, the system alerts generated by the switch.
94 802.1X When enabling the IEEE 802.1X function, y ou can configure the parameters of this function. System Confi gurati on 1. Radius Server IP: set the Radius Server IP address. 2. Server Port: set the UDP destination port for authentication requests to the specified Radius Server.
95 Accept: the specified port is required to be held in the Authorized state. Authorized: the specified port is set to th e Authorized or Unauthorized state in accordance with the outcome of an authentication exchange between the Supplicant and the aut hentication server.
96 Misc Configuration 1. Quiet period: Set the period during which the port doesn’t try to acquire a supplicant. 2. TX period: Set the period the port waits to re transmit next EAPOL PDU during an authentication session. 3. Supplicant timeout: Set the period of time the s witch waits for a supplicant response to an EAP request.
97 1. TFTP Server IP Address: fill in your TFTP server IP. 2. Firmware File Name: the name of firmware image. 3. Click App ly . TFTP Update Firmware interface Configuration Backup In Configuration Backup, you can restore the backup c onfiguration into the switch.
98 TFTP Restore Configuration interface TFTP Backup Configuration You can save current EEPROM va lue from the switch to TFTP server, then go to the TFTP restore configuration page to restore the EEPROM value. 1. TFTP Server IP Address: fill in the TFTP server IP 2.
99 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 The other setting value is back to disable or none. Click De faul t button to reset switch to default setting. Factory Default interface System Reboot Reboot the Switch in software reset. Click Ap p ly button to reboot the switch.
100 IP Stacking This function allows switch to stack up to 8 stackable switches as a unit group. When configuring the stacking functi on, beware the following points. Any port on the switch can be used to stack. Before configuring the stacking function, make sure all stack switches are in the same network.
101 IP Stacking interface 4. Click A ppl y button to apply the configurati on. When the master switch has configured, you will see the following screen. IP Stacking master switch configure finishe d interface 5. After you have configured the stacking function, use Cat.
102 communicate and collect the dat a from the slave switches. 6. Connect to the master switch through the Web. You will se e the following screen display. 7. Click any function in the menu bar of the ma ster switch to conf igure the switch in the stacking group.
103 Stacking group configuration interface.
104 6. Troubleshooting This section is intended to help you solve the most common problems on the GSW-2493. Incorrect connections The switch port can auto detect straight or crossover cabl e when you link switch with other Ethernet device.
105 at any time. Data path loops will cause broadc ast storms that will severely impact your network performance. Diagnosing LED Indicators The Switch can be easily moni tored through panel indicators to assist in identifying problems, which describes common problems you may encounter and where you can find possible solutions.
106 7. Technical Specification This section provides the s pecifications of the GSW-2493, and the following table lists these specifications. Standard IEEE802.3 10BASE-T IEEE802.3u 100BASE-TX/100BASE-FX IEEE802.3z Gigabit SX/LX IEE802.3ab Gigabit 1000T IEEE802.
107 Connector 8-port 10/100TX module: RJ-45 8-port 100FX(Multi /Single Mode) module: SC 2-port Gigabit SX/LX module: SC 2-port Gigabit 1000T module: RJ-45 Expansion module 8 port 10/100TX module w.
108 Storage temperature -40 ℃ ~70 ℃ , 95% RH EMI FCC Class A, CE Safety UL, cUL, CE/EN60950.
An important point after buying a device LevelOne GSW-2493 (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought LevelOne GSW-2493 yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data LevelOne GSW-2493 - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, LevelOne GSW-2493 you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get LevelOne GSW-2493 will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of LevelOne GSW-2493, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime LevelOne GSW-2493.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with LevelOne GSW-2493. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device LevelOne GSW-2493 along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
