Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product FX-9860G Casio
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fx-9860G S e rie s S of t w are V ersi o n 1.1 1 User’ s Guide E CASIO W orldwide Education W ebsite http://edu.casio .com CASIO EDUCA TIONAL FOR UM http://edu.
20070201 TURNING PO WER ON AND OFF USING MODES B ASIC CALCULA TIONS REPLA Y FEA TURE FRA CTION CALCULA TIONS EXPONENTS ONBO ARD FUNCTION MANU AL GRAPH FUNCTIONS DU AL GRAPH D YNAMIC GRAPH T ABLE FUNCT.
20070201 Quick-Star t W elcome to the world of graphing calculators. Quick-Start is not a complete tutor ial, b ut it tak es you through man y of the most common functions, from turning the power on, and on to gr aphing comple x equations.
20070201 2. Use defc to highlight RUN • MA T and then press w . This is the initial screen of the RUN • MA T mode, where you can perf or m manual calculations , matrix calculations, and run programs . BASIC CALCULA TIONS With manual calculations, y ou input formulas from left to right, just as they are written on paper .
20070201 1. Press !m to display the Setup screen. 2. Press cccccc 1 (Deg) to specify degrees as the angle unit. 3. Press J to clear the menu. 4. Press o to clear the unit.
20070201 FRACTION CALCULA TIONS Y ou can use the $ key to input fractions into calculations . The symbol “ { ” is used to separate the v arious par ts of a fraction.
20070201 EXPONENTS Example: 1250 × 2.06 5 1. Press o . 2. Press bcfa*c.ag . 3. Press M and the ^ indicator appears on the displa y . 4. Press f . The ^5 on the displa y indicates that 5 is an exponent. 5. Press w . ONBOARD FUNCTION MANUAL Y ou can use the catalog function to display the command onboard function manual.
20070201 4. Press 5 (HELP). Onboard function manual GRAPH FUNCTIONS The graphing capabilities of this calculator mak es it possible to dr aw comple x graphs using either rectangular coordinates (horizontal axis: x ; ver tical axis: y ) or polar coordinates (angle: θ ; distance from or igin: r ).
20070201 Example 2: T o deter mine the roots of Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2) 1. Press !5 (G-SL V). 2. Press 1 (ROO T). Press e f or other roots. Example 3: Determine the area bounded by the origin and the X = –1 root obtained for Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2) 1. Press !5 (G-SL V) 6 ( g ).
20070201 DUAL GRAPH With this function you can split the displa y between two areas and displa y two graph windows . Example: T o draw the f ollowing tw o graphs and determine the points of intersection Y1 = X(X + 1)(X – 2) Y2 = X + 1.2 1. Press !m cc 1 (G+G) to specify “G+G” f or the Dual Screen setting.
20070201 3. Use defc to move the pointer again. As you do , a box appears on the displa y . Mov e the pointer so the bo x encloses the area you want to enlarge .
20070201 4. Press 4 (V AR) b w to assign an initial value of 1 to coeffi cient A. 5. Press 2 (SET) b w d w b w to specify the range and increment of change in coeffi cient A. 6. Press J . 7. Press 6 (D YNA) to star t Dynamic Graph drawing. The graphs are dr awn 10 times .
20070201 T ABLE FUNCTION The T able Function mak es it possib le to generate a table of solutions as diff erent values are assigned to the v ar iables of a function. Example: T o create a number tab le for the f ollowing function Y = X (X+1) (X–2) 1.
20070201 Pr ecautions when Using this Pr oduct A progress bar and/or a busy indicator appear on the displa y whenev er the calculator is performing a calculation, writing to memor y (including Flash memor y), or reading from memory (including Flash memor y).
20070201 • The contents of this user’ s guide are subject to change without notice. • No par t of this user’ s guide may be reproduced in an y f orm without the express written consent of the manuf acturer . • The options described in Chapter 12 of this user’s guide ma y not be availab le in cer tain geographic areas .
20070201 Contents Getting Acquainted — Read This First! Chapter 1 Basic Operation 1-1 K eys .................................................................................................. 1-1-1 1-2 Displa y .......................................
20070201 Chapter 5 Graphing 5-1 Sample Graphs ................................................................................. 5-1-1 5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen .................................. 5-2-1 5-3 Dra wing a Graph ........
20070201 3 Contents Chapter 8 Programming 8-1 Basic Programming Steps ................................................................ 8-1-1 8-2 PRGM Mode Function K eys .............................................................. 8-2-1 8-3 Editing Program Contents .
20070201 4 Contents Appendix 1 Error Message T able ........................................................................... α -1-1 2 Input Ranges .
20070201 Getting Acquainted — Read This First! About this User’ s Guide u !x ( ' ) The abov e indicates you should press ! and then x , which will input a ' symbol. All multiple-ke y input operations are indicated like this. K ey cap markings are shown, f ollowed by the input character or command in parentheses .
20070201 20071001 0-1-1 Getting Acquainted u Graphs As a general rule, gr aph operations are shown on facing pages , with actual graph e xamples on the r ight hand page. Y ou can produce the same graph on y our calculator by perf or ming the steps under the Procedure abov e the graph.
20070201 Basic Operation 1-1 Ke ys 1-2 Display 1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations 1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu 1-5 V ariable Data (V ARS) Menu 1-6 Program (PRGM) Men u 1-7 Syntax Help 1-8 Using the Setu.
20070201 1-1 Ke ys k Ke y Index Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with a T race 1 Selects 1st function menu item. P erforms trace operation (see page 5-11-1). Zoom 2 Selects 2nd function menu item. P erforms zoom operation (see page 5-2-7).
20070201 Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with a QUIT J Back steps to the pre vious screen without making any changes. Returns directly to initial screen of the mode. f Mov es cursor upward. Scrolls screen. Switches to previous function in trace mode.
20070201 Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with a K , Enters comma. T ransitions from an application launched from an eActivity to another application (see page 10-3-13). (Enabled only in an eActivity .) Enters letter K. L a Assigns value to an Alpha memory name (see page 2-2-1).
20070201 Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with a W d Enters number 3. Enters letter W . [ X + Addition function (see page 2-1-1). Specifi es positive v alue. Enters open brack et. Enters letter X. ] Y - Subtraction function (see page 2-1-1).
20070201 k Ke y Markings Many of the calculator’ s keys are used to perf or m more than one function. The functions marked on the ke yboard are color coded to help you fi nd the one y ou need quickly and easily . Function Key Operation 1 log l 2 10 x !l 3 B al The follo wing describes the color coding used for k ey markings.
20070201 1-2-1 Display 1-2 Displa y k Selecting Icons This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you w ant. u T o select an icon 1. Press m to displa y the Main Menu. 2. Use the cursor ke ys ( d , e , f , c ) to mov e the highlighting to the icon you w ant.
20070201 1-2-2 Display Icon Mode Name Description S • SHT (Spreadsheet) Use this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. Each fi le contains a 26-column × 999-line spreadsheet.
20070201 k About the Function Menu Use the function ke ys ( 1 to 6 ) to access the menus and commands in the menu bar along the bottom of the display screen. Y ou can tell whether a menu bar item is a menu or a command by its appearance . • Next Menu Example: Selecting displays a menu of h yperbolic functions.
20070201 k Normal Display The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. V alues that exceed this limit are automatically conv er ted to and displa yed in e xponential f ormat. u How to interpret exponential f ormat 1.2 E +12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.
20070201 k Special Display Formats This calculator uses special display f or mats to indicate fractions, he xadecimal v alues, and degrees/minutes/seconds v alues. u F ractions ................... Indicates: 456 12 23 u Hexadecimal V alues ...........
20070201 1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations Note • Unless specifi cally noted otherwise, all of the operations in this section are explained using the Linear input mode. k Inputting Calculations When you are ready to input a calculation, fi rst press A to clear the displa y .
20070201 In the Linear input mode, pressing !D (INS) changes the cursor to ‘ ‘ ’’ . The next function or v alue you input is ov erwritten at the location of ‘ ‘ ’’ . Ac ga ddd !D (INS) s T o abor t this operation, press !D (INS) again.
20070201 1-3-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations u T o insert a step Example T o change 2.36 2 to sin2.36 2 A c.dg x ddddd s u T o change the last step you input Example T o change 369 × 3 to 369 ×.
20070201 k Using Replay Memory The last calculation performed is alwa ys stored into replay memory . Y ou can recall the contents of the replay memory by pressing d or e . If you press e , the calculation appears with the cursor at the beginning. Pressing d causes the calculation to appear with the cursor at the end.
20070201 1-3-5 Inputting and Editing Calculations # The cop y range of text you can specify depends on the current “Input Mode” setting. Linear input mode: 1 character 1 line Multiple lines Math input mode: 1 line only k Making Corrections in the Original Calculation Example 14 ÷ 0 × 2.
20070201 3. Press 1 (COPY) to cop y the highlighted text to the clipboard, and e xit the copy r ange specifi cation mode. The selected characters are not changed when you copy them. T o cancel text highlighting without performing a cop y operation, press J .
20070201 u P asting T ext Mov e the cursor to the location where you w ant to paste the text, and then press ! j (P ASTE). The contents of the clipboard are pasted at the cursor position. A ! j (P ASTE) k Catalog Function The catalog function provides y ou with an alphabetized menu of commands that y ou can use for input.
20070201 3. Use f and c to select the command you want to input. This is the explanation te xt for the currently selected command. 1 (INPUT)... {inputs the selected command} 2 (e.
20070201 • The follo wing are the categories that appear on the categor y selection screen. 1:All .................................. All commands 2:Calculation ..................... Calculation commands, including matrix operation and ENG symbols 3:Statistics .
20070201 k Input Operations in the Math Input Mode Selecting “Math” for the “Input Mode” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-8-1) turns on the Math input mode, which allows natur al input and displa y of cer tain functions, just as they appear in your te xtbook.
20070201 u Math Input Mode Functions and Symbols The functions and symbols listed below can be used f or natural input in the Math input mode. The “Bytes” column shows the number of b ytes of memor y that are used up by input in the Math input mode.
20070201 u Using the MA TH Menu In the RUN • MA T mode, pressing 4 (MA TH) displays the MA TH menu. Y ou can use this menu for natur al input of matrices, diff erentials, integrals , etc. • { MA T } ... {displa ys the MA T submenu, f or natural input of matrices} • { 2 × 2 } .
20070201 Example 2 T o input () 1+ 2 5 2 A (b+ $ c c f e ) x w J Example 3 T o input 1+ x + 1 dx 0 1 A b+ 4 (MA TH) 6 ( g ) 1 ( ∫ dx ) a + (X) +b e a f b e w J 1-3-13 Inputting and Editing Calculati.
20070201 Example 4 T o input 2 × 1 2 2 1 2 2 A c* 4 (MA TH) 1 (MA T) 1 (2×2) $ b c c ee !x ( ' ) c e e !x ( ' ) c ee $ b c c w u When the calculation does not fi t within the display wind.
20070201 u Inser ting a Function into an Existing Expression In the Math input mode, y ou can make insert a natural input function into an existing expression. Doing so will cause the value or parenthetical e xpression to the right of the cursor to become the argument of the inser ted function.
20070201 u Functions that Suppor t Insertion The follo wing lists the functions that can be inser ted using the procedure under “T o inser t a function into an existing e xpression” (page 1-3-15). It also provides information about how inser tion affects the e xisting calculation.
20070201 • Note the follo wing cursor operations you can use while inputting a calculation with natur al display f or mat. T o do this: Press this key: Mov e the cursor from the end of the calculati.
20070201 1-3-18 Inputting and Editing Calculations u Math Input Mode Input Restrictions Note the follo wing restrictions that apply during input of the Math input mode. • Cer tain types of expressions can cause the v er tical width of a calculation formula to be greater than one displa y line.
20070201 1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu The option menu giv es you access to scientifi c functions and f eatures that are not mar ked on the calculator’ s keyboard. The contents of the option menu diff er according to the mode you are in when you press the K key .
20070201 u Option menu during numeric data input in the ST A T , T ABLE, RECUR, EQU A and S • SHT modes • { LIST } / { CPLX } / { CALC } / { HYP } / { PROB } / { NUM } / { ANGL } / { ESYM } / { FM.
20070201 1-5 V ariable Data (V ARS) Menu T o recall variable data, press J to display the v ar iable data menu. { V -WIN } / { FA C T } / { S TAT } / { GRPH } / { D YNA } / { T ABL } / { RECR } / { EQU A * 1 } / { TVM * 1 } See “8-7 PRGM Mode Command List” f or details on the variab le data (V ARS) menu.
20070201 u ST A T — Recalling statistical data • { X } … {single-variab le, paired-v ariable x -data} • { n } / { ¯ x } / { Σ x } / { Σ x 2 } / { x Ʊ n } / { x Ʊ n –1 } / { minX } / { m.
20070201 u GRPH — Recalling Graph Functions • { Y } / { r } ... {rectangular coordinate or inequality function}/{polar coordinate function} • { Xt } / { Yt } ... parametr ic graph function {Xt}/{Yt} • { X } ... {X=constant graph function} (Press these ke ys bef ore inputting a value to specify a storage memory .
20070201 u RECR — Recalling Recursion Form ula* 1 , T able Range, and T able Content Data • { FORM } ... {recursion formula data menu} • { a n } / { a n +1 } / { a n +2 } / { b n } / { b n +1 } / { b n +2 } / { c n } / { c n +1 } / { c n +2 } ..
20070201 1-6 Pr ogram (PRGM) Menu T o display the program (PRGM) menu, fi rst enter the RUN • MA T or PRGM mode from the Main Menu and then press ! J (PRGM). The f ollowing are the selections av ailable in the program (PRGM) menu. • { COM } .....
20070201 1-7 Syntax Help When you input a command, syntax help displa ys its syntax. u T o display syntax help 1. Input a command. • This will cause syntax inf ormation to appear. Syntax help 2. Syntax help will disappear when you press the next k ey .
20070201 1-8 Using the Setup Screen The mode’ s Setup screen shows the current status of mode settings and lets you make an y changes you w ant. The f ollowing procedure shows how to change a setup . u T o change a mode setup 1. Select the icon you w ant and press w to enter a mode and display its initial screen.
20070201 u Frac Result (fraction result display format) • { d/c } / { ab/c } ... {improper}/{mixed} fraction u Func T ype (graph function type) Pressing one of the follo wing function ke ys also s witches the function of the v key . • { Y= } / { r= } / { Parm } / { X=c } .
20070201 u Label (graph axis label display) • { On } / { Off } ... {display on}/{display off} u Syntax Help (syntax help display setting) • { On } / { Off } ... {display on}/{display off} u Display (display f ormat) • { Fix } / { Sci } / { Norm } / { Eng } .
20070201 u Background (graph displa y background) • { None } / { PICT } ... {no background}/{graph bac kground picture specifi cation} u Sketch Line (o verlaid line type) • { } / { } / { } / { } ... {nor mal}/{thick}/{brok en}/{dot} u Dynamic T ype (dynamic graph type) • { Cnt } / { Stop } .
20070201 * 1 The 365-da y year m ust be used for date calculations in the TVM mode. Otherwise, an error occurs. * 2 Selecting “F orm” (f ormula) causes a formula in the cell to be display ed as a f ormula. The “Form” does not affect an y non-formula data in the cell.
20070201 1-9-1 Using Screen Capture 1-9 Using Screen Capture Any time while operating the calculator , you can capture an image of the current screen and sav e it in capture memory . u T o capture a screen image 1. Operate the calculator and displa y the screen you w ant to capture.
20070201 1-10-1 When you k eep having prob lems… 1-10 When y ou keep ha ving pr oblems… If you k eep having prob lems when you are trying to perform operations, try the follo wing before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator .
20070201 k Low Battery Message If the follo wing message appears on the displa y , immediately tur n off the calculator and replace batteries as instructed. If you continue using the calculator without replacing batteries, po wer will automatically turn off to protect memory contents.
20070201 Manual Calculations 2-1 Basic Calculations 2-2 Special Functions 2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format 2-4 Function Calculations 2-5 Numerical Calculations 2-6 Complex Number Calcu.
20070201 2-1-1 Basic Calculations 2-1 Basic Calculations k Arithmetic Calculations • Enter arithmetic calculations as they are written, from left to r ight. • Use the - key to input the minus sign bef ore a negative value . • Calculations are performed internally with a 15-digit mantissa.
20070201 2-1-2 Basic Calculations * 1 Displayed v alues are rounded off to the place you specify . k Number of Decimal Places, Number of Signifi cant Digits, Normal Display Range [SET UP] - [Display].
20070201 Example 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400 Condition Operation Display 200 / 7 * 14 w 400 3 decimal places !m (SET UP) f (or c 12 times) 1 (Fix) d wJw 400.000 Calculation continues using display capacity of 10 digits 200 / 7 w * 14 w 28.571 Ans × I 400.000 • If the same calculation is performed using the specifi ed number of digits: 200 / 7 w 28.
20070201 20080201 2-1-4 Basic Calculations 2 T ype B functions With these functions, the value is entered and then the function ke y is pressed. x 2 , x –1 , x ! , ° ’ ”, ENG symbols, angle uni.
20070201 2-1-5 Basic Calculations # Most of the calculator’ s ke ys are inoperativ e while an error message is display ed. Press J to clear the error and display the error position (see page 1-3-5). # See the “Error Message T able” on pag e α -1-1 for inf or mation on other errors.
20070201 • When you try to perform a calculation that causes memor y capacity to be exceeded (Memory ERROR). • When you use a command that requires an argument, without providing a v alid argument (Argument ERROR). • When an attempt is made to use an illegal dimension during matr ix calculations (Dimension ERROR).
20070201 2-2 Special Functions k Calculations Using V ariables Example Operation Display 193.2 a av (A) w 193.2 193.2 ÷ 23 = 8.4 av (A) / 23 w 8.4 193.2 ÷ 28 = 6.9 av (A) / 28 w 6.9 k Memory u V ariables (Alpha Memory) This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard.
20070201 u T o display the contents of a v ariable Example T o display the contents of v ariable A Aav (A) w u T o clear a v ariable Example T o clear v ariable A A a a av (A) w u T o assign the same .
20070201 u T o store a function Example T o store the function (A+B) (A–B) as function memory number 1 ( av (A) + al (B) ) ( av (A) - al (B) ) K 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 3 (FMEM) 1 (ST O) b w JJJ u T o recal.
20070201 2-2-4 Special Functions u T o delete a function Example T o delete the contents of function memory number 1 A K 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 3 (FMEM) 1 (ST O) b w • Executing the store operation while the displa y is blank deletes the function in the function memory you specify .
20070201 k Answer Function The Answ er Function automatically stores the last result you calculated b y pressing w (unless the w ke y operation results in an error).
20070201 2-2-6 Special Functions k History Function The history function maintains a histor y of calculation expressions and results in the Math input mode. Up to 30 sets of calculation expressions and results are maintained. b+c w *c w Y ou can also edit the calculation expressions that are maintained b y the history function and recalculate.
20070201 k Stacks The unit employs memory bloc ks, called stac ks , for stor age of low priority values and commands. There is a 10-le vel numer ic value stac k , a 26-level command stack , and a 10-lev el program subroutine stack .
20070201 k Using Multistatements Multistatements are formed by connecting a n umber of individual statements for sequential ex ecution. Y ou can use multistatements in manual calculations and in programmed calculations. There are two diff erent ways that y ou can use to connect statements to form multistatements.
20070201 2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format Before perf or ming a calculation for the fi rst time , you should use the Setup screen to specify the angle unit and display f or mat. k Setting the Angle Unit [SET UP] - [Angle] 1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Angle”.
20070201 u T o specify the number of signifi cant digits ( Sci) Example T o specify three signifi cant digits 2 (Sci) d w Press the number ke y that corresponds to the number of signifi cant digits you want to specify ( n = 0 to 9). Specifying 0 makes the number of signifi cant digits 10.
20070201 2-4 Function Calculations k Function Menus This calculator includes fi ve function men us that give y ou access to scientifi c functions not printed on the key panel. • The contents of the function menu differ according to the mode y ou entered from the Main Menu bef ore you pressed the K k ey .
20070201 * 1 The { ° ’ ” } menu operation is av ailable only when there is a calculation result on the display . * 2 The {ENG} and {ENG} menu operations are av ailable only when there is a calculation result on the display . u Angle Units, Coor dinate Conversion, Sexagesimal Operations (ANGL) [OPTN] - [ANGL] • { ° } / { r } / { g } .
20070201 k Angle Units T o change the angle unit of an input value, fi rst press K 6 ( g ) 5 (ANGL). On the function ke y menu that appears, select “ ° ”, “r”, or “g”. • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation T o convert 4.
20070201 k T rigonometric and Inver se T rigonometric Functions • Be sure to set the angle unit before perf or ming trigonometr ic function and inv erse trigonometric function calculations. • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation sin 63° = 0.
20070201 k Logarithmic and Exponential Functions • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation log 1.23 (log 10 1.23) = 0.08990511144 l 1.23 w log 2 8 = 3 <Line> K 4 (CALC) 6 ( g ) 4 (log a b) 2 , 8 ) w <Math> 4 (MA TH) 2 (log a b) 2 e 8 w In 90 (log e 90) = 4.
20070201 k Hyperbolic and In verse Hyperbolic Functions • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation sinh 3.6 = 18.28545536 K 6 ( g ) 2 (HYP) 1 (sinh) 3.6 w cosh 1.5 – sinh 1.5 = 0.2231301601 = e –1.5 (Display: –1.
20070201 k Other Functions • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation ' 2 + ' 5 = 3.65028154 !x ( ' ) 2 + !x ( ' ) 5 w (3 + i ) = 1.
20070201 k Random Number Generation (Ran#) This function generates a 10-digit truly random or sequentially random number that is g reater than zero and less than 1. • A truly random number is generated if you do not specify an ything f or the argument.
20070201 2-4-9 Function Calculations k Coordinate Con version u Rectangular Coordinates u P olar Coordinates • With polar coordinates, Ƨ can be calculated and displa yed within a range of –180°< Ƨ < 180° (radians and grads ha ve same range).
20070201 2-4-10 Function Calculations k P ermutation and Combination u Perm utation u Combination • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
20070201 • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation 2 1 73 –– + 3 –– = –– – 5 4 20 <Math> $ 2 c 5 e + !$ ( & ) 3 e 1 c 4 w <Line> 2 $ 5 + 3 $ 1 $ 4 w 1 1 ––––– + –––– – 2578 4572 = 6.
20070201 20071001 2-4-12 Function Calculations Switching between impr oper fraction and mixed fraction format Pressing the ! M ( < ) ke y toggles the displa y fraction between mix ed fraction and improper fraction f ormat.
20070201 20071001 k Logical Operators (AND , OR, NO T) [OPTN] - [LOGIC] The logical operator menu pro vides a selection of logical operators. • { And } / { Or } / { Not } ... {logical AND}/{logical OR}/{logical NOT} • Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
20070201 20071001 u About Logical Operations • A logical operation alwa ys produces either 0 or 1 as its result. • The follo wing table sho ws all of possible results that can be produced b y AND and OR operations.
20070201 2-5 Numerical Calculations The follo wing describes the items that are av ailable in the menus y ou use when performing differential/quadr atic diff erential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value , and Solve calculations. When the option menu is on the displa y , press 4 (CALC) to display the function analysis menu.
20070201 k Differential Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ d / dx ] T o perform differential calculations, fi rst displa y the function analysis menu, and then input the values using the syntax belo w .
20070201 Example T o determine the derivative at point x = 3 for the function y = x 3 + 4 x 2 + x – 6, with a tolerance of “ tol ” = 1 E – 5 Input the function f ( x ). A K 4 (CALC) 2 ( d / dx ) v M d+e vx + v -g, Input point x = a for which y ou want to determine the derivative .
20070201 u Applications of Differential Calculations • Differentials can be added, subtracted, m ultiplied or divided with each other . Therefore: f ' ( a ) + g ' ( a ), f ' ( a ) × g ' ( a ), etc. • Differential results can be used in addition, subtraction, m ultiplication, and division, and in functions.
20070201 k Quadratic Differential Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ d 2 / dx 2 ] After displaying the function analysis men u, you can input quadr atic differentials using the follo wing syntax.
20070201 <Math> A4 (MA TH) 5 ( d 2 / dx 2 ) v M d e +e vx + v -g e d w u Quadratic Differential Applications • Arithmetic operations can be performed using two quadratic diff erentials. Therefore: f '' ( a ) + g '' ( a ), f '' ( a ) × g '' ( a ), etc.
20070201 k Integration Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ ∫ dx ] T o perform integration calculations, fi rst displa y the function analysis menu and then input the values using the syntax belo w .
20070201 <Math> 4 (MA TH) 6 ( g ) 1 ( ∫ dx ) c vx + d v +e e b f f w u Application of Integration Calculation • Integrals can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division. • Integration results can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, in functions.
20070201 Note the follo wing points to ensure correct integration v alues. (1) When cyclical functions for integration v alues become positiv e or negative f or different divisions, perf orm the calculation for single cycles, or divide betw een negative and positive , and then add the results together .
20070201 k Σ Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ Σ ] T o perform Σ calculations, fi rst display the function analysis men u, and then input the values using the syntax below .
20070201 u Σ Calculation Applications • Arithmetic operations using Σ calculation expressions Expressions: nn S n = Σ a k ,T n = Σ b k k = 1 k = 1 P ossible operations: S n + T n , S n – T n , etc. • Arithmetic and function operations using Σ calculation results 2 × S n , log (S n ), etc.
20070201 2-5-12 Numerical Calculations k Maximum/Minim um V alue Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [FMin]/[FMax] After displaying the function analysis men u, you can input maxim um/minimum calculations using the formats below , and solve for the maxim um and minimum of a function within interval a < x < b .
20070201 2-5-13 Numerical Calculations Example 2 T o determine the maximum v alue for the interval defi ned by start point a = 0 and end point b = 3, with a precision of n = 6 for the function y = – x 2 + 2 x + 2 Input f ( x ). A K 4 (CALC) 6 ( g ) 2 (FMax) -vx +c v +c, Input the interval a = 0, b = 3.
20070201 2-6 Complex Number Calculations Y ou can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, parentheses calculations, function calculations, and memory calculations with complex numbers just as y ou do with the manual calculations described on pages 2-1-1 and 2-4-7.
20070201 2-6-2 Complex Number Calculations # Y ou can also use ! a ( i ) in place of K 3 (CPLX) 1 ( i ). k Arithmetic Operations [OPTN] - [CPLX] - [ i ] Arithmetic operations are the same as those you use f or manual calculations . Y ou can ev en use parentheses and memory .
20070201 2-6-3 Complex Number Calculations # The result of the argument calculation diff ers in accordance with the current angle unit setting (degrees, radians , grads).
20070201 2-6-4 Complex Number Calculations # The input/output r ange of complex numbers is normally 10 digits for the mantissa and two digits for the e xponent. # When a comple x number has more than 21 digits, the real part and imaginar y par t are display ed on separate lines.
20070201 2-6-5 Complex Number Calculations k P olar and Rectangular Form T ransformation [OPTN] - [CPLX] - [ ' r ∠ Ƨ ]/[ ' a + bi ] Use the follo wing procedure to transf orm a complex number displa yed in rectangular form to polar form, and vice versa.
20070201 2-7 Binar y , Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers Y ou can use the RUN • MA T mode and binar y , octal, decimal, and hexadecimal settings to perform calculations that inv olve binar y , octal, decimal and hexadecimal v alues.
20070201 • The follo wing are the calculation ranges f or each of the number systems. Binary V alues P ositive: 0 < x < 111111111111111 Negative: 1000000000000000 < x < 1111111111111111 .
20070201 k Selecting a Number System Y ou can specify decimal, hexadecimal, binary , or octal as the default number system using the Setup screen. u T o specify a number system for an input v alue Y ou can specify a number system for each individual v alue you input.
20070201 Example 2 T o input and execute 123 8 × ABC 16 , when the default number system is decimal or hexadecimal !m (SET UP) c 2 (Dec) J A1 (d~o) 4 (o) bcd* 2 (h) ABC * 1 w J3 (DISP) 2 ( ' Hex) w k Negative V alues and Bitwise Operations Press 2 (LOG) to display a men u of negation and bitwise operators.
20070201 Example 2 T o display the result of “36 8 or 1110 2 ” as an octal value !m (SET UP) c 5 (Oct) J A dg 2 (LOG) 4 (or) J1 (d~o) 3 (b) bbba w Example 3 T o negate 2FFFED 16 !m (SET UP) c 3 (Hex) J A2 (LOG) 2 (Not) cFFFED * 1 w u Number System T ransformation Press 3 (DISP) to display a men u of number system transf or mation functions.
20070201 2-8-1 Matrix Calculations 2-8 Matrix Calculations F rom the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode, and press 1 ( ' MA T) to perform Matr ix calculations. 26 matrix memories (Mat A through Mat Z) plus a Matr ix Answer Memory (MatAns), make it possible to perf or m the following matrix operations .
20070201 k Inputting and Editing Matrices Pressing 1 ( ' MA T) displays the Matrix Editor screen. Use the Matrix Editor to input and edit matrices. m × n … m (row) × n (column) matr ix None… no matrix preset • { DEL } / { DEL·A } ... deletes {a specifi c matrix}/{all matrices} • { DIM } .
20070201 u T o input cell values Example T o input the follo wing data into Matrix B : The follo wing operation is a continuation of the e xample calculation on the previous page. b w c w d w e w f w g w (Data is input into the highlighted cell. Each time you press w , the highlighting mov es to the ne xt cell to the right.
20070201 u Deleting Matrices Y ou can delete either a specifi c matr ix or all matrices in memor y . u T o delete a specifi c matrix 1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display , use f and c to highlight the matr ix you want to delete. 2. Press 1 (DEL).
20070201 k Matrix Cell Operations Use the follo wing procedure to prepare a matrix for cell oper ations. 1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display , use f and c to highlight the name of the matrix you want to use . Y ou can jump to a specifi c matr ix by inputting the letter that corresponds to the matrix name.
20070201 u T o calculate the scalar m ultiplication of a ro w Example T o calculate the product of r ow 2 of the f ollowing matrix and the scalar 4 : Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 (R-OP) 2 ( × Rw) Input multiplier v alue.
20070201 u T o add two r ows together Example T o add ro w 2 to ro w 3 of the follo wing matrix : Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 (R-OP) 4 (Rw+) Specify number of row to be added. c w Specify number of row to be added to . d w 6 (EXE) (or w ) u Row Operations • { DEL } .
20070201 u T o inser t a ro w Example T o insert a new row between r ows one and two of the follo wing matrix : Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 c 2 (RO W) 2 (INS) u T o add a ro w Example T o add a new r ow be.
20070201 2-8-9 Matrix Calculations u Column Operations • { DEL } ... {delete column} • { INS } ... {inser t column} • { ADD } ... {add column} u T o delete a column Example T o delete column 2 o.
20070201 u T o add a column Example T o add a new column to the right of column 2 of the following matrix: Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 e 3 (COL) 3 (ADD) k Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands [OPTN] - [MA T] u T o display the matrix commands 1. F rom the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode.
20070201 u Matrix Data Input Format [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Mat] The follo wing shows the f or mat you should use when inputting data to create a matrix using the Mat command. = [ [a 11 , a 12 , ..., a 1 n ] [a 21 , a 22 , ..., a 2 n ] .... [a m 1 , a m 2 , .
20070201 u T o input an identity matrix [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Iden] Use the Identity command to create an identity matrix. Example 2 T o create a 3 × 3 identity matrix as Matrix A K 2 (MA T) 6 ( g ) 1 (.
20070201 2-8-13 Matrix Calculations u Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands Y ou can also use matrix commands to assign values to and recall values from an e xisting matrix, to fi ll in all cells .
20070201 u To fi ll a matrix with identical values and to combine two matrices into a single matrix [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Fill]/[Aug] Use the Fill command to fi ll all the cells of an existing matrix with an identical v alue and the Augment command to combine tw o e xisting matrices into a single matr ix.
20070201 u T o assign the contents of a matrix column to a list [OPTN] - [MA T] - [M → L] Use the follo wing f ormat with the Mat → List command to specify a column and a list.
20070201 k Matrix Calculations [OPTN] - [MA T] Use the matrix command menu to perform matrix calculation operations. u T o display the matrix commands 1. F rom the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode. 2. Press K to display the option men u. 3. Press 2 (MA T) to displa y the matrix command menu.
20070201 u Matrix Arithmetic Operations [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Mat]/[Iden] Example 1 T o add the follo wing two matrices (Matrix A + Matrix B) : A K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) + 1 (Mat) al (B) w Example 2 Ca.
20070201 u Determinant [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Det] Example Obtain the determinant for the f ollowing matrix : Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 −1 −2 0 K 2 (MA T) 3 (Det) 1 (Mat) av (A) w u Matrix T ransposition [OPTN] - [MA T] - [T rn] A matrix is transposed when its rows become columns and its columns become rows .
20070201 u Row Echelon Form [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Ref] This command uses the Gaussian elimination algorithm to fi nd the row echelon f or m of a matrix. Example T o fi nd the row echelon f orm of the f.
20070201 u Matrix In version [ x –1 ] Example T o invert the following matrix: Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) ! ) ( x –1 ) w u Squaring a Matrix [ x 2 ] Example T o square the follow.
20070201 u Raising a Matrix to a P ower [ ] Example T o raise the following matrix to the third po wer: Matrix A = 1 2 3 4 K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) M d w u Determining the Absolute V alue, Integer Pa.
20070201 2-8-22 Matrix Calculations k P erforming Matrix Calculations Using Natural Input u T o specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix 1. In the RU N • MA T mode, press !m (SET UP) 1 (Math) J . 2. Press 4 (MA TH) to displa y the MA TH menu. 3. Press 1 (MA T) to displa y the follo wing menu.
20070201 2-8-23 Matrix Calculations u T o input cell values Example T o perform the calculation shown below The f ollowing operation is a continuation of the e xample calculation on the previous page.
20070201 List Function A list is a storage place f or multiple data items. This calculator lets you store up to 26 lists in a single fi le, and you can store up to six fi les in memory . Stored lists can be used in arithmetic and statistical calculations, and f or graphing.
20070201 3-1 Inputting and Editing a List When you enter the S TAT mode, the “List Editor” will appear fi rst. Y ou can use the List Editor to input data into a list and to perform a variety of other list data operations .
20070201 u T o batch input a series of values 1. Use the cursor ke ys to mov e the highlighting to another list. 2. Press ! * ( { ), and then input the values y ou want, pressing , between each one . Press ! / ( } ) after inputting the fi nal value .
20070201 k Editing List V alues u T o change a cell v alue Use the cursor ke ys to mov e the highlighting to the cell whose value y ou want to change. Input the new v alue and press w to replace the old data with the new one . u T o edit the contents of a cell 1.
20070201 u T o delete all cells in a list Use the follo wing procedure to delete all the data in a list. 1. Use the cursor ke y to mov e the highlighting to any cell of the list whose data y ou want to delete. 2. Pressing 6 ( g ) 4 (DEL • A) causes a confi r mation message to appear .
20070201 3-1-5 Inputting and Editing a List k Naming a List Y ou can assign List 1 through List 26 “sub names” of up to eight bytes each. u T o name a list 1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Sub Name” and then press 1 (On) J . 2. Use the cursor ke ys to mov e the highlighting to the SUB cell of the list you w ant to name.
20070201 k Sorting List V alues Y ou can sor t lists into either ascending or descending order . The highlighting can be located in any cell of the list. u T o sor t a single list Ascending order 1. While the lists are on the screen, press 6 ( g ) 1 (T OOL) 1 (SRT • A).
20070201 u T o sor t multiple lists Y ou can link multiple lists together for a sort so that all of their cells are rearranged in accordance with the sor ting of a base list.
20070201 3-1-8 Inputting and Editing a List Descending order Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sor t. The only diff erence is that you should press 2 (SR T • D) in place of 1 (SRT • A). # Y ou can specify a value from 1 to 6 as the number of lists f or sor ting.
20070201 3-2 Manipulating List Data List data can be used in arithmetic and function calculations. In addition, various list data manipulation functions make manipulation of list data quic k and easy . Y ou can use list data manipulation functions in the RUN • MA T , ST A T , T ABLE , EQU A and PRGM modes.
20070201 u T o count the number of data items in a list [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Dim] K 1 (LIST) 3 (Dim) 1 (List) <list number 1-26> w • The number of cells a list contains is its “dimension.
20070201 3-2-3 Manipulating List Data Example T o create a 2-ro w × 3-column matrix (each cell of which contains 0) in Matrix A A! * ( { ) c,d ! / ( } ) a K 1 (LIST) 3 (Dim) K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) w The following shows the ne w contents of Mat A.
20070201 3-2-4 Manipulating List Data u To fi nd the minim um value in a list [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Min] K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 1 (Min) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 1 (List) <list number 1-26> ) w Example T o fi .
20070201 u T o calculate the mean of data items [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Mean] K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 3 (Mean) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 1 (List) <list number 1-26> ) w Example T o calculate the mean of data items .
20070201 u T o calculate the median of data items of specifi ed frequenc y [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Med] This procedure uses two lists: one that contains values and one that indicates the frequency (number of occurrences) of each v alue. The frequency of the data in Cell 1 of the fi rst list is indicated by the v alue in Cell 1 of the second list, etc.
20070201 u T o calculate the pr oduct of values in a list [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Prod] K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 2 (Prod) 6 ( g ) 1 (List)<list number 1-26> w Example T o calculate the product of v.
20070201 Example T o calculate the percentage represented b y each data item in List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) A K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 4 (%) 6 ( g ) 1 (List) b w u T o calculate the differences between n.
20070201 3-3 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists Y ou can perform arithmetic calculations using two lists or one list and a numeric value. Calculation results are stored in ListAns Memory . k Error Messages • A calculation inv olving two lists perf orms the operation between corresponding cells.
20070201 u T o directly input a list of values Y ou can also directly input a list of values using {, }, and , . Example 1 T o input the list: 56, 82, 64 ! * ( { ) fg,ic, ge ! / ( } ) Example 2 T o mu.
20070201 u T o recall the value in a specifi c list cell Y ou can recall the value in a specifi c list cell and use it in a calculation. Specify the cell number by enclosing it inside square br ack ets.
20070201 k Graphing a Function Using a List When using the graphing functions of this calculator , you can input a function such as Y1 = List 1 X. If List 1 contains the values 1, 2, 3, this function will produces three graphs: Y = X, Y = 2X, Y = 3X. There are cer tain limitations on using lists with graphing functions.
20070201 5. Press b w . 6. Enter the S TAT mode to confi rm that T ABLE mode column Y1 has been copied to List 1. k P erforming Scientifi c Function Calculations Using a List Lists can be used just as numeric values are in scientifi c function calculations .
20070201 3-4-1 Switching Between List Files 3-4 Switching Between List Files Y ou can store up to 26 lists (List 1 to List 26) in each fi le (File 1 to File 6). A simple oper ation lets you s witch between list fi les. u T o switch between list fi les 1.
20070201 Equation Calculations Y our graphic calculator can perf or m the follo wing three types of calculations: • Simultaneous linear equations • Quadratic and cubic equations • Solve calculations From the Main Menu, enter the EQ U A mode. • { SIML } .
20070201 4-1-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations 4-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations Description Y ou can solve simultaneous linear equations with tw o to six unknowns.
20070201 4-1-2 Simultaneous Linear Equations Example T o solve the follo wing simultaneous linear equations f or x , y , and z 4 x + y – 2 z = – 1 x + 6 y + 3 z = 1 – 5 x + 4 y + z = – 7 Proce.
20070201 4-2-1 Quadratic and Cubic Equations # Internal calculations are performed using a 15-digit mantissa, but results are displa yed using a 10-digit mantissa and a 2-digit exponent. # It ma y take considerable time f or the calculation result of cubic equations to appear on the display .
20070201 4-2-2 Quadratic and Cubic Equations Example T o solve the cubic equation (Angle unit = Rad) x 3 – 2 x 2 – x + 2 = 0 Procedure 1 m EQU A 2 2 (POL Y) 2 (3) 3b w- c w- b w c w 4 1 (SOL V) Re.
20070201 4-3-1 Solve Calculations 4-3 Solve Calculations Description The Solve Calculation mode lets y ou determine the value of any v ariable in a f ormula without having to solv e the equation. Set Up 1. F rom the Main Menu, enter the EQU A mode. Execution 2.
20070201 4-3-2 Solve Calculations Example An object thro wn into the air at initial velocity V takes time T to reach height H. Use the follo wing form ula to solve for initial velocity V when H = 14 (meters), T = 2 (seconds) and gravitational acceleration is G = 9.
20070201 4-4 What to Do When an Error Occur s u Error during coeffi cient value input Press the J ke y to clear the error and return to the value that was registered f or the coeffi cient bef ore you input the v alue that generated the error . T r y inputting a new v alue again.
20070201 Graphing Sections 5-1 and 5-2 of this chapter provide basic inf or mation you need to kno w in order to dra w a graph. The remaining sections describe more advanced gr aphing f eatures and functions. Select the icon in the Main Menu that suits the type of gr aph you want to dra w or the type of table you w ant to generate .
20070201 5-1-1 Sample Graphs 5-1 Sample Graphs k How to draw a simple graph (1) Description T o draw a graph, simply input the applicab le function. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . Execution 2. Input the function you want to graph.
20070201 5-1-2 Sample Graphs Example T o graph y = 3 x 2 Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2d vxw 3 6 (DRA W) (or w ) Result Screen # Pressing A while a graph is on the display will return to the screen in step 2.
20070201 5-1-3 Sample Graphs k How to draw a simple graph (2) Description Y ou can store up to 20 functions in memor y and then select the one you want f or graphing. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . Execution 2. Specify the function type and input the function whose graph you want to dr aw .
20070201 5-1-4 Sample Graphs Example Input the functions shown below and dra w their graphs Y1 = 2 x 2 – 3, r 2 = 3sin2 θ Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) c vx -d w 3 (TYPE) 2 ( r =) d s c vw .
20070201 5-1-5 Sample Graphs k How to draw a simple graph (3) Description Use the follo wing procedure to graph the function of a par abola, circle, ellipse, or h yperbola. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the CONICS mode . Execution 2. Use the cursor fc keys to specify one of the function type as f ollows .
20070201 5-1-6 Sample Graphs Example Graph the circ le (X–1) 2 + (Y–1) 2 = 2 2 Procedure 1 m CONICS 2 cccc w 3b w b w c w 4 6 (DRA W) Result Screen (P arabola) (Ellipse) (Hyperbola).
20070201 k How to draw a simple graph (4) Description Y ou can specify the graph line style, if y ou want. Set Up 1. From the Main Men u, enter the GRAPH mode. Execution 2. Input the function you want to graph. Here y ou would use the V -Window to specify the range and other parameters of the graph.
20070201 Example T o graph y = 3 x 2 Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) d vxw 3 f 4 (STYL) 3 ( ) J 4 6 (DRA W) (or w ) Result Screen (Normal) (Thick) (Dotted) 5-1-8 Sample Graphs.
20070201 5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen k V -Window (View Window) Settings Use the View Windo w to specify the range of the x - and y -ax es, and to set the spacing between the increments on each axis. Y ou should always set the V -Window parameters y ou want to use bef ore graphing.
20070201 5-2-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen u V -Window Setting Precautions • Inputting zero for T θ ptch causes an error . • Any illegal input (out of range v alue, negativ e sign without a value , etc.) causes an error . • When T θ max is less than T θ min, T θ ptch becomes negative .
20070201 k Initializing and Standardizing the V -Window u T o initialize the V -Window 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. Press !3 (V -WIN). This displa ys the V -Window setting screen. 3. Press 1 (INIT) to initialize the V -Window . Xmin = –6.
20070201 k V -Window Memory Y ou can store up to six sets of V -Window settings in V -Window memory for recall when y ou need them. u T o store V -Window settings 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. Press !3 (V -WIN) to display the V -Window setting screen, and input the v alues you want.
20070201 k Specifying the Graph Range Description Y ou can defi ne a range (star t point, end point) for a function bef ore graphing it. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. Make V -Window settings. Execution 3. Specify the function type and input the function.
20070201 5-2-6 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen Example Graph y = x 2 + 3 x – 2 within the range – 2 < x < 4 Use the follo wing V -Window settings.
20070201 5-2-7 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen k Zoom Description This function lets you enlarge and reduce the gr aph on the screen. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Specify the zoom type. !2 (ZOOM) 1 (BO X) ... Bo x zoom Dra w a bo x around a display area, and that area is enlarged to fi ll the entire screen.
20070201 5-2-8 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen # Y ou must specify two diff erent points for bo x zoom, and the two points cannot be on a straight line vertically or horizontally from each other . Example Graph y = ( x + 5)( x + 4)( x + 3), and then perf orm a box zoom.
20070201 5-2-9 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen k Factor Zoom Description With factor z oom, you can z oom in or out, centered on the current cursor position. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !2 (ZOOM) 2 (F ACT) to open a pop-up windo w for specifying the x -axis and y -axis zoom f actor .
20070201 5-2-10 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen Example Enlarge the graphs of the two e xpressions shown below fi ve times on both the x - and y -axis to see if they are tangent. Y1 = ( x + 4)( x + 1)( x – 3), Y2 = 3 x + 22 Use the follo wing V -Window settings.
20070201 5-3-1 Drawing a Gr aph 5-3 Drawing a Graph Y ou can store up to 20 functions in memor y . Functions in memory can be edited, recalled, and graphed. k Specifying the Graph T ype Before y ou can store a graph function in memor y , you must fi rst specify its gr aph type.
20070201 5-3-2 Drawing a Gr aph u T o store a polar coordinate function ( r =) * 1 Example T o store the follo wing expression in memory area r 2 : r = 5 sin3 θ 3 (TYPE) 2 ( r =) (Specifi es polar coordinate e xpression.) f s d v (Inputs expression.
20070201 5-3-3 Drawing a Gr aph u T o store an X = constant expression * 1 Example T o store the follo wing expression in memory area X4 : X = 3 3 (TYPE) 4 (X=c) (Specifi es X = constant expression.) d (Inputs expression.) w (Stores expression.) • Inputting X, Y , T , r , or θ for the constant in the abo v e procedures causes an error .
20070201 u T o assign values to the coeffi cients and variab les of a graph function Example T o assign the values −1, 0, and 1 to v ariable A in Y = AX 2 −1, and dra w a graph for each v alue 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) av (A) vx -b w J 4 (GRPH) 1 (Y) b( av (A) ! .
20070201 5-3-5 Drawing a Gr aph • If you do not specify a v ariable name (v ariable A in the abov e ke y operation), the calculator automatically uses one of the default v ar iables listed belo w . Note that the default v ar iable used depends on the memory area type where you are storing the graph function.
20070201 k Editing and Deleting Functions u T o edit a function in memory Example T o change the expression in memory area Y1 from y = 2 x 2 – 5 to y = 2 x 2 – 3 e (Displays cursor .) eeeee D d (Changes contents.) w (Stores new gr aph function.) u T o change the line style of a graph function 1.
20070201 u T o change the type of a function * 1 1. While the Graph relation list is on the display , press f or c to mov e the highlighting to the area that contains the function whose type you w ant to change. 2. Press 3 (TYPE) 5 (CONV). 3. Select the function type you want to change to .
20070201 k Selecting Functions for Graphing u T o specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph 1. On the graph relation list, use f and c to highlight the relation you do not want to graph. 2. Press 1 (SEL). • Each press of 1 (SEL) toggles graphing on and off .
20070201 k Graph Memor y Graph memory lets you store up to 20 sets of graph function data and recall it later when y ou need it. A single sav e operation sa ves the f ollowing data in graph memory .
20070201 5-4 Storing a Graph in Picture Memor y Y ou can sav e up to 20 graphic images in picture memory for later recall. Y ou can ov erdraw the graph on the screen with another gr aph stored in picture memory . u T o store a graph in picture memory 1.
20070201 5-5 Drawing T w o Graphs on the Same Screen k Copying the Graph to the Sub-screen Description Dual Graph lets you split the screen into tw o par ts. Then you can g raph two diff erent functions in each for comparison, or dra w a normal size graph on one side and its enlarged version on the other side .
20070201 Example Graph y = x ( x + 1)( x – 1) in the main screen and sub-screen. Use the follo wing V -Window settings. (Main Screen) Xmin = –2, Xmax = 2, Xscale = 0.
20070201 k Graphing T wo Different Functions Description Use the follo wing procedure to graph diff erent functions in the main screen and sub-screen. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
20070201 Example Graph y = x ( x + 1)( x – 1) in the main screen, and y = 2 x 2 – 3 in the sub- screen. Use the follo wing V -Window settings. (Main Screen) Xmin = –4, Xmax = 4, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 (Sub-screen) Xmin = –2, Xmax = 2, Xscale = 0.
20070201 k Using Zoom to Enlarge the Sub-screen Description Use the follo wing procedure to enlarge the main screen graph and then mo ve it to the sub- screen. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
20070201 Example Draw the graph y = x ( x + 1)( x – 1) in the main screen, and then use Box Zoom to enlar ge it. Use the follo wing V -Window settings. (Main Screen) Xmin = –2, Xmax = 2, Xscale = 0.5 Ymin = –2, Ymax = 2, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2 !m (SET UP) cc 1 (G+G) J 3 !3 (V -WIN) - c w c w a.
20070201 5-6-1 Manual Graphing 5-6 Manual Graphing k Rectangular Coordinate Graph Description Inputting the Graph command in the RUN • MA T mode enables drawing of rectangular coordinate graphs . Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode.
20070201 5-6-2 Manual Graphing Example Graph y = 2 x 2 + 3 x – 4 Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 2 Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 5 Procedure 1 m R UN • M.
20070201 5-6-3 Manual Graphing k Integration Graph Description Inputting the Graph command in the RUN • MA T mode enables graphing of functions produced by an integr ation calculation. The calculation result is shown in the low er left corner of the display , and the calculation range is cross plot type.
20070201 5-6-4 Manual Graphing Example Graph the integration ∫ 1 –2 ( x + 2)( x – 1)( x – 3) dx . Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –4, Xmax = 4, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –8, Ymax = 1.
20070201 5-6-5 Manual Graphing k Drawing Multiple Graphs on the Same Screen Description Use the follo wing procedure to assign v arious values to a variab le contained in an expression and ov erwrite the resulting graphs on the screen. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode .
20070201 5-6-6 Manual Graphing Example T o graph y = A x 2 – 3 as the value of A changes in the sequence 3, 1, –1. Use the follo wing V -Window settings.
20070201 5-6-7 Manual Graphing k Using Copy and P aste to Graph a Function Description Y ou can graph a function by cop ying it to the clipboard, and then pasting it into the graph screen. There are two types of functions you can paste into the g raph screen.
20070201 5-6-8 Manual Graphing Example While the graph of y = 2 x 2 + 3 x – 4 is currently display ed, to paste the previously copied function Y=X from the c lipboard Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 2 Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 5 Procedure 1 m R UN • MA T a - (Y) ! .
20070201 5-7 Using T ables T o enter the T ABLE mode, select the T ABLE icon on the Main Menu. k Storing a Function and Generating a Number T able u T o store a function Example T o store the function.
20070201 u T o generate a table using a list 1. While the T able relation list is on the screen, displa y the Setup screen. 2. Highlight V ar iable and then press 2 (LIST) to displa y the pop-up window . 3. Select the list whose values you want to assign f or the x -variable.
20070201 Y ou can use cursor keys to mo v e the highlighting around the table f or the f ollowing purposes. • T o display the selected cell’ s value at the bottom of the screen, using the calculat.
20070201 k Editing and Deleting Functions u T o edit a function Example T o change the function in memory area Y1 from y = 3 x 2 – 2 to y = 3 x 2 – 5 Use f and c to mov e the highlighting to the function you w ant to edit. Use e to mov e the cursor to the beginning of the e xpression.
20070201 5-7-5 Using T ables k Editing T ables Y ou can use the table menu to perf or m any of the follo wing operations once y ou generate a table . • Change the values of v ariable x • Edit (delete, inser t, and append) rows • Delete a table • Draw a connect type gr aph • Draw a plot type gr aph • { FORM } .
20070201 5-7-6 Using T ables u Row Operations u T o delete a ro w Example T o delete Row 2 of the table generated on page 5-7-2 c 3 (RO W) 1 (DEL) u T o insert a row Example T o insert a new row betwe.
20070201 5-7-7 Using T ables u T o add a ro w Example T o add a new r ow belo w Row 7 in the table generated on page 5-7-2 cccccc 3 (RO W) 3 (ADD) u Deleting a T able 1. Display the table and then press 2 (DEL). 2. Press 1 (Y es) to delete the table or 6 (No) to abor t the operation without deleting anything.
20070201 k Copying a T able Column to a List A simple operation lets you cop y the contents of a numeric table column into a list. Use d and e to mov e the cursor to the column you w ant to copy .
20070201 k Drawing a Graph from a Number T able Description Use the follo wing procedure to generate a number tab le and then dra w a graph based on the values in the tab le. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the T ABLE mode. 2. Make V -Window settings.
20070201 Example Store the two functions belo w , generate a number table, and then draw a line graph. Specify a range of –3 to 3, and an increment of 1.
20070201 k Specifying a Range for Number T able Generation Description Use the follo wing procedure to specify a number tab le range when calculating scatter data from a function. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the T ABLE mode. Execution 2. Store the functions.
20070201 Example Store the three functions shown below , and then generate a table f or functions Y1 and Y3. Specify a range of –3 to 3, and an increment of 1.
20070201 k Simultaneously Displa ying a Number T able and Graph Description Specifying T+G for Dual Screen on the Setup screen makes it possib le to displa y a number table and gr aph at the same time. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the T ABLE mode.
20070201 Example Store the function Y1 = 3 x 2 – 2 and simultaneously displa y its number table and line graph. Use a table range of –3 to 3 with an increment of 1.
20070201 5-7-15 Using T ables k Using Graph-T able Linking Description With Dual Graph, you can use the f ollowing procedure to link the graph and tab le screens so the pointer on the graph screen jumps to the location of the currently selected tab le value .
20070201 5-7-16 Using T ables Example Store the function Y1 = 3log x and simultaneously displa y its number table and plot-type graph. Use a table range of 2 through 9, with an increment of 1.
20070201 5-8 Dynamic Graphing k Using Dynamic Graph Description Dynamic Graph lets you defi ne a r ange of values f or the coeffi cients in a function, and then observe how a graph is aff ected by changes in the value of a coeffi cient.
20070201 Example Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = A ( x – 1) 2 – 1, in whic h the value of coeffi cient A changes from 2 through 5 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn 10 times. Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –3.
20070201 k Drawing a Dynamic Graph Locus Description T ur ning on the Dynamic Graph locus setting on the Setup screen lets you ov er lay a g raph drawn b y changing the coeffi cient v alues. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the D YNA mode. 2. Make V -Window settings.
20070201 5-8-4 Dynamic Graphing Example Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = A x , in whic h the value of coeffi cient A changes from 1 thr ough 4 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn 10 times. Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.
20070201 k Dynamic Graph Application Examples Description Y ou can also use Dynamic Graph to simulate simple ph ysical phenomena. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the D YNA mode. 2. Make V -Window settings. Execution 3. On the Setup screen, specify Stop for Dynamic T ype and Deg for Angle.
20070201 Example The path over time T of a ball thro wn in the air at initial velocity V and an angle of θ degrees from horizontal can be calculated as f ollows.
20070201 k Adjusting the Dynamic Graph Speed Y ou can use the follo wing procedure to adjust the Dynamic Graph speed while the dra w operation is taking place. 1. While a Dynamic Graph draw operation is being perf or med, press A to change to the speed adjustment menu.
20070201 k Using Dynamic Graph Memory Y ou can store Dynamic Graph conditions and screen data in Dynamic Graph memory for later recall when you need it. This lets y ou sav e time, because y ou can recall the data and immediately begin a Dynamic Graph dra w operation.
20070201 5-9 Graphing a Recursion Form ula k Generating a Number T able from a Recur sion Formula Description Y ou can input up to three of the follo wing types of recursion formulas and generate a number table .
20070201 Example Generate a number table fr om recursion between three terms as expressed b y a n +2 = a n +1 + a n , with initial terms of a 1 = 1, a 2 = 1 (Fibonacci sequence), as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Procedure 1 m RECUR 2 3 (TYPE) 3 ( a n +2 ) 3 4 ( n .
20070201 k Graphing a Recursion Formula (1) Description After generating a number tab le from a recursion f ormula, you can graph the v alues on a line graph or plot type gr aph. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode . 2. Make V -Window settings.
20070201 Example Generate a number table fr om recursion between tw o terms as expressed b y a n +1 = 2 a n + 1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes in value fr om 1 to 6. Use the table v alues to draw a line graph. Use the follo wing V -Window settings.
20070201 k Graphing a Recursion Formula (2) Description The follo wing describes how to generate a number tab le from a recursion f ormula and graph the values while Σ Display is On. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode . 2. On the Setup screen, specify On for Σ Display .
20070201 Example Generate a number table fr om recursion between tw o terms as expressed b y a n +1 = 2 a n + 1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes in value fr om 1 to 6. Use the table v alues to draw a plot line graph with ordinate Σ a n , abscissa n .
20070201 k WEB Graph (Conver g ence, Divergence) Description y = f ( x ) is graphed b y presuming a n +1 = y , a n = x f or linear two-term regression a n +1 = f ( a n ) composed of a n +1 , a n . Next, it can be determined whether the function is conv ergent or divergent.
20070201 Example T o draw the WEB graph for the recursion f ormula a n +1 = –3( a n ) 2 + 3 a n , b n +1 = 3 b n + 0.2, and c heck f or divergence or con vergence. Use the follo wing table range and V -Window settings. T able Range Start = 0, End = 6, a 0 = 0.
20070201 5-9-9 Graphing a Recursion F ormula k Graphing a Recursion Formula on Dual Screen Description When “T+G” is specifi ed for the Dual Screen setting, you can vie w the number tab le and graph at the same time . Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode .
20070201 5-9-10 Graphing a Recursion F ormula Example Generate a number table fr om recursion between tw o terms as expressed b y a n +1 = 2 a n + 1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes in value fr om 1 to 6. Use the table v alues to draw a line graph.
20070201 5-10-1 Changing the Appearance of a Graph * 1 The above sho ws the function menu that appears in the GRAPH mode. Menu items may diff er somewhat in other modes. * 2 In the case of an inverse function g raph, drawing star ts immediately after you select this option.
20070201 Example Draw a line that is tangent to point (2, 0) on the graph for y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2). Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.
20070201 k Inserting Comments Description Y ou can inser t comments anywhere you w ant in a graph. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !4 (SKTCH) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 2 (T e xt), and a pointer appears in the center of the display . 3. Use the cursor keys to mov e the pointer to the location where you want the te xt to be, and input the text.
20070201 Example Insert text into the graph y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2). Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRAPH !3 (V -WIN) - f w f w b w c - f w f w b wJ 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) v ( v +c)( v -c) w 6 (DRA W) 2 !4 (SKTCH) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 2 (T ext) 3 f ~ fd ~ d a - (Y) ! .
20070201 k Freehand Drawing Description Y ou can use the pen option for freehand dra wing in a graph. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !4 (SKTCH) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 1 (PEN), and a pointer appears in the center of the screen. 3. Use the cursor keys to mov e the pointer to the point from which you want to star t drawing, and then press w .
20070201 Example Use the pen to draw on the graph y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2). Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRA.
20070201 5-10-7 Changing the Appearance of a Graph k Changing the Graph Backgr ound Y ou can use the Setup screen to specify the memor y contents of any picture memory area (Pict 1 through Pict 20) as the Background item. When y ou do , the contents of the corresponding memory area is used as the background of the graph screen.
20070201 5-11 Function Analysis k Reading Coordinates on a Graph Line Description T race lets you mov e a pointer along a graph and read out coordinates on the displa y . Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. Draw the graph. Execution 3.
20070201 Example Read coordinates along the graph of the function sho wn below . Y1 = x 2 – 3 Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale.
20070201 k Displaying the Derivative Description In addition to using T race to display coordinates , you can also displa y the der ivativ e at the current pointer location. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. On the Setup screen, specify On for Derivativ e.
20070201 Example Read coordinates and deriv atives along the graph of the function shown below . Y1 = x 2 – 3 Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –10, Y.
20070201 k Graph to T able Description Y ou can use trace to read the coordinates of a graph and store them in a number tab le. Y ou can also use Dual Graph to simultaneously store the gr aph and number table , making this an impor tant graph analysis tool.
20070201 Example Save, in a table, the coordinates in the vicinity of the points of intersection at X = 0 f or the two graphs sho wn below , and store the table contents in List 1.
20070201 k Coordinate Rounding Description This function rounds off coordinate values displa yed by T race. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. Draw the graph. Execution 3. Press !2 (ZOOM) 6 ( g ) 3 (RND). This causes the V -Window settings to be changed automatically in accordance with the Rnd value .
20070201 Example Use coordinate r ounding and display the coor dinates in the vicinity of the points of intersection f or the two graphs pr oduced by the functions shown below .
20070201 k Calculating the Root Description This feature pro vides a number of diff erent methods f or analyzing graphs . Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode . 2. Draw the graphs . Execution 3. Select the analysis function. !5 (G-SL V) 1 (ROO T) .
20070201 20080201 Example Draw the graph shown belo w and calculate the root f or Y1. Y1 = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) Use the f ollowing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.
20070201 k Calculating the Point of Inter section of T wo Graphs Description Use the follo wing procedure to calculate the point of intersection of two gr aphs. Set Up 1. Draw the graphs . Execution 2. Press !5 (G-SL V) 5 (ISCT). When there are three or more gr aphs, the selection cursor ( k ) appears at the lowest n umbered graph.
20070201 20080201 Example Graph the two functions sho wn below , and determine the point of intersection between Y1 and Y2. Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x 2 Use the f ollowing V -Window settings.
20070201 k Determining the Coordinates for Given P oints Description The follo wing procedure describes how to determine the y -coordinate for a giv en x , and the x -coordinate for a giv en y . Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Select the function you want to perf orm.
20070201 Example Graph the two functions sho wn below and then determine the y - coordinate f or x = 0.5 and the x -coordinate for y = 2.2 on graph Y2. Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.
20070201 k Calculating the lntegral V alue f or a Given Range Description Use the follo wing procedure to obtain integration v alues for a given r ange. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !5 (G-SL V) 6 ( g ) 3 ( ∫ dx ). When there are multiple g raphs, this causes the selection cursor ( k ) to appear at the lowest n umbered graph.
20070201 Example Graph the function shown below , and then determine the integral v alue at (–2, 0). Y1 = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –4, Ymax = 4, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRAPH !3 (V -WIN) - g.
20070201 k Conic Section Graph Analysis Y ou can deter mine approximations of the f ollowing analytical results using conic section graphs . • Focus/v er tex/eccentricity • Length of latus rectum • Center/radius • x -/ y -intercept • Directrix/axis of symmetr y drawing and analysis • Asymptote drawing and analysis 1.
20070201 u T o calculate the focus, ver tex and length of latus rectum [G-SL V]-[FOCS]/[VTX]/[LEN] Example T o determine the focus, ver tex and length of latus rectum for the parabola X = (Y – 2) 2 + 3 Use the follo wing V -Window settings.
20070201 u T o calculate the center and radius [G-SL V]-[CNTR]/[RADS] Example T o determine the center and radius for the cir cle (X + 2) 2 + (Y + 1) 2 = 2 2 Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.
20070201 u T o calculate the x - and y -intercepts [G-SL V]-[X-IN]/[Y-IN] Example T o determine the x - and y -intercepts for the h yperbola Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –4, Xmax = 8, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 m CONICS ccccccc w c w c w d w b w6 (DRA W) !5 (G-SL V) 2 (X-IN) (Calculates the x -intercept.
20070201 u T o draw and analyze the axis of symmetry and directrix [G-SL V]-[SYM]/[DIR] Example T o draw the axis of symmetry and directrix for the parabola X = 2(Y – 1) 2 + 1 Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –3.
20070201 u T o draw and analyze the asymptotes [G-SL V]-[ASYM] Example T o draw the asymptotes f or the hyperbola Use the follo wing V -Window settings. Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 m CONICS ccccccc w c w c w b w b w6 (DRA W) !5 (G-SL V) 5 (ASYM) (Draws the asymptotes .
20070201 Statistical Graphs and Calculations This chapter describes how to input statistical data into lists, ho w to calculate the mean, maximum and other statistical v alues, ho w to perf orm various statistical tests, how to determine the confi dence inter val, and ho w to produce a distr ibution of statistical data.
20070201 6-1 Before P erforming Statistical Calculations Entering the ST A T mode from the Main Menu displays the List Editor screen. Y ou can use the List Editor screen to input statistical data and perform statistical calculations. Use f , c , d and e to mov e the highlighting around the lists.
20070201 k Changing Graph Parameter s Use the follo wing procedures to specify the graph dr aw/non-dra w status, the graph type, and other general settings f or each of the graphs in the g raph menu (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3). While the statistical data list is on the display , press 1 (GRPH) to display the graph men u, which contains the follo wing items.
20070201 • Mark T ype This setting lets you specify the shape of the plot points on the gr aph. u T o display the general graph settings screen [GRPH]-[SET] Pressing 1 (GRPH) 6 (SET) displays the general g raph settings screen. • The settings shown here are e xamples only .
20070201 2. Graph draw/non-dra w status [GRPH]-[SEL] The follo wing procedure can be used to specify the dra w (On)/non-draw (Off) status of each of the graphs in the gr aph menu. u T o specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph 1. Pressing 1 (GRPH) 4 (SEL) displays the g raph On/Off screen.
20070201 6-2 Calculating and Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data Single-variable data is data with only a single v ar iable . If you are calculating the av erage height of the members of a class for e xample, there is only one variable (height).
20070201 k Med-bo x Graph (MedBo x) This type of graph lets y ou see how a large number of data items are g rouped within specifi c ranges. A box encloses all the data in an area from the fi rst quar tile (Q1) to the third quar tile (Q3), with a line drawn at the median (Med).
20070201 k Normal Distribution Curve (N • Dis) The normal distr ibution curve is graphed using the f ollowing normal distr ibution function. XList specifi es the list where the data is input, while F req specifi es the list where the data frequency is input.
20070201 k Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Single-V ariable Graph Single-variable statistics can be e xpressed as both graphs and parameter v alues. When these graphs are displa yed, the single-variable calculation results appear as sho wn below when you press 1 (1V AR).
20070201 6-3-1 Calculating and Graphing P aired-V ariable Statistical Data 6-3 Calculating and Graphing P aired-V ariable Statistical Data k Drawing a Scatter Diagram and xy Line Graph Description The follo wing procedure plots a scatter diagram and connects the dots to produce an xy line graph.
20070201 Example Input the two sets of data sho wn below . Next, plot the data on a scatter diagram and connect the dots to produce an xy line graph. 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 ( x List) –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 ( y List) Procedure 1 m ST A T 2 a.f w b.
20070201 k Drawing a Regression Graph Description Use the follo wing procedure to input paired-v ariable statistical data, perform a regression calculation using the data, and then graph the results . Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the S TAT mode.
20070201 Example Input the two sets of data sho wn below and plot the data on a scatter diagram. Next, perf orm logarithmic regression on the data to display the regression parameters, and then draw the corresponding regression graph. 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.
20070201 k Selecting the Regression T ype After you gr aph paired-variab le statistical data, press 1 (CALC). Then y ou can use the function menu at the bottom of the displa y to select from a variety of diff erent types of regression. • { 2V AR } .
20070201 k Linear Regression Graph Linear regression uses the method of least squares to plot a straight line that passes close to as many data points as possib le, and returns values f or the slope and y -intercept ( y -coordinate when x = 0) of the line.
20070201 k Quadratic/Cubic/Quar tic Regression Graph A quadratic/cubic/quartic regression graph represents connection of the data points of a scatter diagram. It uses the method of least squares to draw a curve that passes close to as many data points as possib le.
20070201 k Logarithmic Regression Graph Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logar ithmic function of x . The standard logarithmic regression f ormula is y = a + b × In x , so if we say that X = In x , the formula corresponds to linear regression f ormula y = a + b X.
20070201 k P ower Regression Graph P ower regression e xpresses y as a propor tion of the power of x . The standard power regression f ormula is y = a × x b , so if we tak e the logarithm of both sides we get In y = In a + b × In x .
20070201 k Logistic Regression Graph Logistic regression is best applied f or time-based phenomena in which there is a continual increase until a saturation point is reached.
20070201 k Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn P aired-V ariable Graph P aired-variab le statistics can be expressed as both g raphs and parameter v alues. When these graphs are displa yed, the paired-variable calculation results appear as sho wn below when you press 1 (CALC) 1 (2V AR).
20070201 k Multiple Graphs Y ou can draw more than one gr aph on the same display b y using the procedure under “Changing Graph P arameters” to set the gr aph dra w (On)/non-draw (Off) status of tw o or all three of the graphs to dra w On, and then pressing 6 (DRAW)(see page 6-1-4).
20070201 k Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph Description Y ou can overla y a paired-v ariable statistical graph with an y type of function graph y ou want. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the S TAT mode. Execution 2. Input the data into a list, and draw the statistical graph.
20070201 Example Input the two sets of data sho wn below . Next, plot the data on a scatter diagram and overla y a function graph y = 2ln x . 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 Procedure 1 m ST A T 2 a.f w b.c w c.e w e w f.c w e - c.b w a.
20070201 6-4 P erf orming Statistical Calculations All of the statistical calculations up to this point were perf ormed after displaying a graph. The follo wing procedures can be used to perf orm statistical calculations alone.
20070201 k Single-V ariable Statistical Calculations In the previous e xample under “Displa ying the Calculation Results of a Dra wn Single-V ariable Graph”, statistical calculation results were displa yed after the graph was dr awn. These were numeric expressions of the char acteristics of variables used in the graphic displa y .
20070201 k Regression Calculation In the explanations from “Linear Regression Graph” to “Logistic Regression Graph, ” regression calculation results were displa yed after the graph was dr awn. Here, each coeffi cient value of the reg ression line or regression curve is e xpressed as a number .
20070201 • Linear Regression ... M Se = Σ 1 n – 2 i =1 n ( y i – ( ax i + b )) 2 • Quadratic Regression ... M Se = Σ 1 n – 3 i =1 n ( y i – ( ax i + bx i + c )) 2 2 • Cubic Regression ... M Se = Σ 1 n – 4 i =1 n ( y i – ( ax i 3 + bx i + cx i + d )) 2 2 • Quar tic Regression .
20070201 2. Input the value you want f or x and then press w . • This causes the coordinates for x and y to appear at the bottom of the display , and mov es the pointer to the corresponding point on the graph.
20070201 6-4-6 P erforming Statistical Calculations # Y ou cannot obtain estimated values f or a Med- Med, quadratic regression, cubic regression, quar tic regression, sinusoidal regression, or logistic regression graph. xi yi 10 1003 15 1005 20 1010 25 1011 30 1014 1.
20070201 k Normal Probability Distrib ution Calculation Y ou can calculate nor mal probability distributions f or single-variable statistics with the RUN • MA T mode. Press K 6 ( g ) 3 (PROB) 6 ( g ) to displa y a function menu, which contains the following items.
20070201 1. From the Main Menu, enter the S TAT mode. 2. Input the height data into List 1 and the frequency data into List 2. 3. Perf or m the single-variable statistical calculations.* 1 2 (CALC) 6 (SET) 1 (LIST) b w c 2 (LIST) c w!J (QUIT) 2 (CALC) 1 (1V AR) 4.
20070201 6-4-9 P erforming Statistical Calculations k Drawing a Normal Pr obability Distribution Graph Description Y ou can draw a normal probability distribution graph using manual g raphing with the RUN • MA T mode. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode.
20070201 6-4-10 P erforming Statistical Calculations Example T o draw a normal pr obability P (0.5) graph. Procedure 1 m R UN • MA T 2 !4 (SKTCH) 1 (Cls) w 5 (GRPH) 1 (Y=) 3 K 6 ( g ) 3 (PROB) 6 ( g ) 1 (P() a.
20070201 6-5 T ests The Z T est provides a variety of different standardization-based tests . They mak e it possible to test whether or not a sample accurately represents the population when the standard deviation of a population (such as the entire population of a country) is known from pre vious tests.
20070201 The follo wing pages e xplain various statistical calculation methods based on the principles described above . Details concer ning statistical principles and ter minology can be found in any standard statistics te xtbook. On the initial S TAT mode screen, press 3 (TEST) to display the test men u, which contains the follo wing items.
20070201 P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list. 3 (TEST) 1 (Z) 1 (1-S) The follo wing shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specifi cation. Data.............................. data type μ ...........
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example μ G 11.4 ........................ direction of test z .................................. z score p .................................. p-value ¯ x .................................. mean of sample x σ n -1 .
20070201 u 2-Sample Z T est This test is used when the standard deviations f or two populations are known to test the hypothesis . The 2-Sample Z T est is applied to the nor mal distribution.
20070201 The follo wing shows the meaning of par ameter data specifi cation items that are different from list data specifi cation. ¯ x 1 ................................. mean of sample 1 n 1 ................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1 ¯ x 2 .
20070201 u 1-Prop Z T est This test is used to test for an unkno wn propor tion of successes. The 1-Prop Z T est is applied to the normal distr ibution. p 0 : e xpected sample propor tion n : size of sample P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 u 2-Prop Z T est This test is used to compare the propor tion of successes. The 2-Prop Z T est is applied to the normal distr ibution. x 1 : data v alue of sample 1 x 2 : data v alue of sampl.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p 1 > p 2 ............................ direction of test z ................................... z score p .................................. p-value ˆ p 1 ................................. estimated propor tion of sample 1 ˆ p 2 .
20070201 k t T ests u t T est Common Functions Y ou can use the follo wing graph analysis functions after dra wing a t T est result output graph. • 1 (T) .
20070201 u 1-Sample t T est This test uses the hypothesis test f or a single unknown population mean when the population standard deviation is unkno wn.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example μ G 11.3 ...................... direction of test t ................................... t score p .................................. p-value ¯ x .................................. mean of sample x σ n -1 .
20070201 u 2-Sample t T est 2-Sample t T est compares the population means when the population standard deviations are unknown. The 2-Sample t T est is applied to t -distr ibution.
20070201 The follo wing shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specifi cation. Data.............................. data type μ 1 ....
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example μ 1 G μ 2 ........................... direction of test t ................................... t score p .................................. p-value df ................................. degrees of freedom ¯ x 1 .
20070201 u LinearReg t T est LinearReg t T est treats paired-variab le data sets as ( x , y ) pairs, and uses the method of least squares to determine the most appropr iate a , b coeffi cients of the data for the regression f ormula y = a + bx .
20070201 # [Sav e Res] does not sav e the β & ρ conditions in line 2. # When the list specifi ed by [Sa ve Res] is the same list specifi ed b y the [Resid List] item on the Setup screen, only [Resid List] data is sav ed in the list. 6-5-17 T ests Calculation Result Output Example β G 0 & ρ G 0 .
20070201 # The matrix must be at least two lines by tw o columns. An error occurs if the matrix has only one line or one column. # Pressing 1 (Mat) while the “Observed” and “Expected” parameter settings are highlighted will display the Matrix (A to Z) setting screen.
20070201 # Pressing 6 ( ' MA T) while a calculation result is display ed enters the Matrix Editor , which you can use to edit and vie w the contents of matrices. # The f ollowing V -Window settings are used f or drawing the g raph. Xmin = 0, Xmax = 11.
20070201 6-5-20 T ests k 2-Sample F T est 2-Sample F T est tests the hypothesis for the r atio of sample variances. The F T est is applied to the F distribution. P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list. 3 (TEST) 4 (F) The follo wing is the meaning of each item in the case of list data specifi cation.
20070201 # [Sav e Res] does not sav e the σ 1 condition in line 2. # V -Window settings are automatically optimized f or drawing the g raph. # Ex ecuting an analysis function automatically stores the F and p values in alpha v ariables F and P , respectively .
20070201 * 1 [Sav e Res] sav es each vertical column of the table into its own list. The leftmost column is sav ed in the specifi ed list, and each subsequent column to the right is saved in the next sequentially numbered list. Up to fi ve lists can be used for storing columns.
20070201 # Graphing is av ailable with T wo-Wa y ANOV A only . V -Window settings are performed automatically , regardless of Setup screen settings. # Using the T race function automatically stores the number of conditions to alpha variab le A and the mean value to v ariable M, respectively .
20070201 k ANO V A (T wo-W a y) u Description The nearby tab le shows measurement results f or a metal product produced by a heat treatment process based on two treatment le vels: time (A) and temperature (B). The experiments were repeated twice each under identical conditions .
20070201 u Input Example u Results 6-5-25 T ests.
20070201 6-6 Confi dence Inter v al A confi dence interval is a range (interval) that includes a statistical value , usually the population mean. A confi dence interval that is too broad makes it diffi cult to get an idea of where the population value (true v alue) is located.
20070201 u General Confi dence Interval Precautions Inputting a value in the r ange of 0 < C-Lev el < 1 for the C-Le vel setting sets y ou value y ou input. Inputting a value in the range of 1 < C-Le v el < 100 sets a value equiv alent to your input divided by 100.
20070201 k Z Interval u 1-Sample Z Inter val 1-Sample Z Interval calculates the confi dence interval for an unkno wn population mean when the population standard deviation is kno wn. The follo wing is the confi dence interval. Howe ver , α is the lev el of signifi cance.
20070201 After setting all the parameters, use c to mo ve the highlighting to “Execute” and then press the function ke y shown belo w to perform the calculation. • 1 (CALC) ... P erforms the calculation. Calculation Result Output Example Left ..
20070201 The follo wing shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specifi cation. Data ............................. data type C-Lev el ......................... confi dence le vel (0 < C-Le vel < 1) σ 1 ........................
20070201 u 1-Prop Z Inter val 1-Prop Z Inter val uses the number of data to calculate the confi dence interval f or an unknown proportion of successes. The follo wing is the confi dence interval. α is the lev el of signifi cance. The value 100 (1 – α ) % is the confi dence lev el.
20070201 u 2-Prop Z Inter val 2-Prop Z Inter val uses the number of data items to calculate the confi dence interval f or the defference betw een the propor tion of successes in two populations. The follo wing is the confi dence interval. α is the lev el of signifi cance.
20070201 Left ............................... confi dence interval lo wer limit (left edge) Right ............................. confi dence interval upper limit (right edge) ˆ p 1 ................................. estimated sample propotion for sample 1 ˆ p 2 .
20070201 ¯ x ................................... mean of sample x σ n -1 ............................. sample standard deviation ( x σ n -1 > 0) n .
20070201 The follo wing confi dence interval applies when pooling is not in eff ect. α is the lev el of signifi cance. The value 100 (1 – α ) % is the confi dence lev el.
20070201 ¯ x 1 ................................. mean of sample 1 x 1 σ n -1 ............................ standard deviation ( x 1 σ n -1 > 0) of sample 1 n 1 ................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1 ¯ x 2 .........
20070201 6-7 Distrib ution There is a variety of diff erent types of distribution, but the most w ell-known is “normal distribution, ” which is essential for perf or ming statistical calculations.
20070201 u Common Distribution Functions After drawing a g raph, y ou can use the P-CAL function to calculate an estimated p-value f or a par ticular x value . The follo wing is the general procedure f or using the P-CAL function. 1. After drawing a distribution graph, press !5 (G-SL V) 1 (P-CAL) to display the x value input dialog bo x.
20070201 k Normal Distribution u Normal Probability Density Normal probability density calculates the probability density of nomal distr ibution from a specifi ed x v alue. Normal probability density is applied to standard nor mal distr ibution. ( σ > 0) P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 u Normal Distribution Pr obability Normal distr ibution probability calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling between two specifi c v alues. a : lower boundar y b : upper boundar y P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p ................................. nor mal distribution probability z:Low .......................... z:Low value (con ver ted to standardize z score for low er value) z:Up .
20070201 After setting all the parameters, use c to mo ve the highlighting to “Execute” and then press the function ke y shown belo w to perform the calculation. • 1 (CALC) ... P erforms the calculation. Calculation Result Output Examples x ....
20070201 k Student- t Distribution u Student- t Probability Density Student- t probability density calculates t probability density from a specifi ed x value . P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list. 5 (DIST) 2 (t) 1 (tpd) Data is specifi ed using parameter specifi cation.
20070201 u Student- t Distribution Probability Student- t distribution probability calculates the probability of t distribution data f alling between two specifi c v alues. a : lower boundar y b : upper boundar y P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. Student- t distribution probability t:Low ............................ t:Low value (input lo wer v alue) t:Up.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. χ 2 probability density # Current V -Window settings are used f or graph dra wing when the Setup screen’ s [Stat Wind] setting is [Manual]. The V -Window settings below are set automatically when the [Stat Wind] setting is [A uto].
20070201 u χ 2 Distribution Probability χ 2 distr ibution probability calculates the probability of χ 2 distr ibution data f alling between two specifi c values. a : lower boundar y b : upper boundar y P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. χ 2 distribution probability k F Distribution u F Probability Density F probability density calculates the probability density function for the F distr ibution at a specifi ed x v alue.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. F probability density # V -Window settings f or graph dra wing are set automatically when the Setup screen’ s [Stat Wind] setting is [Auto]. Current V -Window settings are used f or graph drawing when the [Stat Wind] setting is [Manual].
20070201 u F Distribution Pr obability F distribution probability calculates the probability of F distribution data f alling between two specifi c values. a : lower boundar y b : upper boundary P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. F distribution probability 6-7-15 Distribution.
20070201 k Binomial Distribution u Binomial Probability Binomial probability calculates a probability at a specifi ed value f or the discrete binomial distribution with the specifi ed number of trials and probability of success on each trial.
20070201 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. binomial probability u Binomial Cumulative Density Binomial cumulativ e density calculates a cumulativ e probability at a specifi ed value for the discrete binomial distribution with the specifi ed number of trials and probability of success on each trial.
20070201 After setting all the parameters, use c to mo ve the highlighting to “Execute” and then press the function ke y shown belo w to perform the calculation. • 1 (CALC) ... P erforms the calculation. Calculation Result Output Example p .....
20070201 k P oisson Distribution u P oisson Probability P oisson probability calculates a probability at a specifi ed v alue for the discrete P oisson distribution with the specifi ed mean. ( x = 0, 1, 2, ···) μ : mean ( μ > 0) P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 u P oisson Cumulative Density P oisson cumulative density calculates a cumulativ e probability at specifi ed value f or the discrete P oisson distr ibution with the specifi ed mean. P erform the following k ey oper ations from the statistical data list.
20070201 6-7-21 Distribution # There is no graphing f or geometr ic distribution. # P ositive integer n umber is calculated whether list data (Data:List) or x value (Data:v ariable) is specifi ed.
20070201 u Geometric Cumulative Density Geometric cumulative density calculates a cumulativ e probability at specifi ed value , the number of the trial on which the fi rst success occurs, for the discrete geometric distribution with the specifi ed probability of success.
20070201 Financial Calculation (TVM) The TVM mode provides y ou with the tools to perf orm the f ollowing types of fi nancial calculations. • Simple interest • Compound interest • Cash Flow (In.
20070201 7-1 Bef ore P erforming Financial Calculations F rom the Main Menu, enter the TVM mode and displa y the Financial screen like the one shown below .
20070201 7-1-2 Before P erforming Financial Calculations k Graphing in the TVM Mode After performing a fi nancial calculation, you can use 6 (GRPH) to g raph the results as shown below . • Pressing 1 (T race) or !1 (TRCE) while a graph is on the displa y activates T race , which can be used to look up other fi nancial values .
20070201 7-2 Simple Interest This calculator uses the follo wing f ormulas to calculate simple interest. u Formula 365-day Mode SI : interest n : number of interest 360-day Mode per iods PV : principa.
20070201 7-2-2 Simple Interest Use the follo wing function menus to maneuv er between calculation result screens. • { REPT } … {parameter input screen} • { GRPH } … {draws g raph} After drawing a g raph, y ou can press !1 (TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation results along the graph.
20070201 7-3-1 Compound Interest PV : present value FV : future value PMT : payment n : number of compound periods I % : annual interest rate i is calculated using Newton’ s Method.
20070201 • A deposit is indicated by a plus sign (+), while a withdra wal is indicated by a minus sign (–). u Converting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate The nominal i.
20070201 Press 2 (CMPD) from the Financial 1 screen to display the f ollowing input screen for compound interest. 2 (CMPD) n .................................. number of compound periods I % ................................ annual interest rate PV ...
20070201 7-3-4 Compound Interest After confi guring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted belo w to perform the corresponding calculation.
20070201 7-4 Cash Flow (In vestment Appraisal) This calculator uses the discounted cash fl ow (DCF) method to perf orm investment appr aisal by totalling cash fl o w for a fi x ed per iod. This calculator can perform the follo wing f our types of inv estment appraisal.
20070201 u PBP n : Smallest positive integer that satisfi es the conditions NPV n < 0, NPV n +1 > 0, or 0. • Press 3 (CASH) from the Financial 1 screen to display the f ollowing input screen f or Cash Flow . 3 (CASH) I % .....................
20070201 Use the f ollowing function menus to maneuv er between calculation result screens . • { REPT } … {parameter input screen} • { GRPH } … {dra ws graph} After dra wing a graph, y ou can press !1 (TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation results along the graph.
20070201 7-5 Amor tization This calculator can be used to calculate the principal and interest por tion of a monthly installment, the remaining principal, and amount of principal and interest repaid up to any point.
20070201 BAL 0 = PV ( INT 1 = 0 and PRN 1 = PMT at beginning of installment term) u Converting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate The nominal interest rate ( I % v alue inpu.
20070201 7-5-3 Amor tization After confi guring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted belo w to perform the corresponding calculation. • { BAL } … {balance of pr incipal after insta.
20070201 7-6 Interest Rate Con version The procedures in this section describe how to conv er t between the annual percentage r ate and effectiv e interest rate.
20070201 7-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin Cost, selling price, or margin can be calculated by inputting the other two v alues. u Formula CST : cost SEL : selling pr ice MRG : margin Press 1 (COST) from the Financial 2 screen to display the f ollowing input screen.
20070201 7-8 Da y/Date Calculations Y ou can calculate the number of days betw een two dates, or y ou can determine what date comes a specifi c number of da ys bef ore or after another date. Press 2 (D A YS) from the Financial 2 screen to display the f ollowing input screen for da y/ date calculation.
20070201 Input the month, day , and year , pressing w after each. After confi guring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted belo w to perform the corresponding calculation.
20070201 Pr ogramming 8-1 Basic Programming Steps 8-2 PRGM Mode Function Ke ys 8-3 Editing Program Contents 8-4 File Management 8-5 Command Reference 8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs 8-7 PRGM Mode Command List 8-8 Program Library This unit comes with approximately 64 Kb ytes of memor y .
20070201 8-1 Basic Programming Steps Description Commands and calculations are ex ecuted sequentially , just like manual calculation multistatements. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the PRGM mode . When y ou do , a program list appears on the display .
20070201 Example 1 T o calculate the surface area (cm 2 ) and volume (cm 3 ) of three regular octahedrons when the length of one side is 7, 10, and 15 cm, respectively Store the calculation formula under the fi le name OCT A.
20070201 8-2 PRGM Mode Function Ke ys • { NEW } ... {new program} u When you are registering a fi le name • { RUN } / { BASE } ... {general calculation}/{number base} program input • { Q } ... {password registration} • { SYBL } ... {symbol menu} u When y ou are inputting a program —— 1 (RUN) … def ault • { TO P } / { BTM } .
20070201 u When you are inputting a pr ogram —— 2 (B ASE) * 1 • { TO P } / { BTM } / { SRC } • { MENU } • { d~o } ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal} value input • { LOG } .
20070201 8-3-1 Editing Program Contents 8-3 Editing Program Contents k Debug ging a Program A problem in a progr am that keeps the progr am from running correctly is called a “ b ug, ” and the process of eliminating such problems is called “ debugging.
20070201 k Using an Existing Program to Create a Ne w Program Sometimes you can input a ne w program b y using a program already in memory as a base. Simply recall the existing prog ram, make the changes y ou need, and then execute it.
20070201 8-3-3 Editing Program Contents Now edit OCT A to produce the TETRA program. 1. Edit the program name. 6 ( g ) 2 (REN) A TETRA w 2. Edit the program contents.
20070201 8-3-4 Editing Program Contents k Searc hing for Data Inside a Pr ogram Example T o search f or the letter “A” inside the program named OCT A 1. Recall the program. 2. Press 3 (SRC) and input the data you want to fi nd. 3 (SRC) av (A) 3. Press w to begin the search.
20070201 8-4-1 File Management 8-4 File Management k Searc hing for a File u To fi nd a fi le using initial character searc h Example T o use initial character searc h to recall the program named OCT A 1. While the program list is on the display , press 6 ( g ) 1 (SRC) and input the initial characters of the fi le you w ant to fi nd.
20070201 8-4-2 File Management k Editing a fi le name Example T o change the name of a fi le from TRIANGLE to ANGLE 1. While the program list is on the display , use f and c to move the highlighting to the fi le whose name you w ant to edit and then press 6 ( g ) 2 (REN).
20070201 8-4-3 File Management u T o delete all programs 1. While the program list is on the display , press 5 (DEL • A). 2. Press 1 (Y es) to delete all the programs in the list or 6 (No) to abor t the operation without deleting anything.
20070201 8-4-4 File Management 3. Press w to register the fi le name and password. Now you can input the contents of the program fi le . 4. After inputting the program, press !J (QUIT) to exit the prog ram fi le and return to the program list. Files that are password protected are indicated by an asterisk to the right of the fi le name.
20070201 8-5-1 Command Reference 8-5 Command Reference k Command Index Break ............................................................................................................... 8-5-6 ClrGraph ...............................................
20070201 8-5-2 Command Reference The follo wing are conv entions that are used in this section when descr ibing the various commands. Boldface T ext ................ Actual commands and other items that alwa ys must be input are shown in boldf ace. {Curly Brack ets} .
20070201 8-5-3 Command Reference ^ ( Output Command) Function: Displays an intermediate result during program e x ecution. Description: • This command momentarily interr upts program e x ecution and displays alpha char acter text or the result of the calculation immediately before the command.
20070201 k Program Commands (COM) If~Then~(Else~)IfEnd Function: The Then-statement is e xecuted only when the If-condition is true (non-zero). The Else-statement is e xecuted when the If-condition is f alse (0). The IfEnd- statement is alwa ys e xecuted f ollowing either the Then-statement or Else-statement.
20070201 8-5-5 Command Reference Description: • The default step v alue is 1. • Making the star ting value less than the ending value and specifying a positiv e step value causes the control variable to be incremented with each e xecution.
20070201 8-5-6 Command Reference While~WhileEnd Function: This command repeats specifi c commands as long as its condition is true (non- zero). Syntax: While < condition> _ : ^ <statement>.
20070201 8-5-7 Command Reference Prog Function: This command specifi es e xecution of another program as a subroutine. In the RUN • MA T mode, this command ex ecutes a new program.
20070201 8-5-8 Command Reference Return Function: This command retur ns from a subroutine. Syntax: Return Description: Execution of the Return command inside a main routine causes e xecution of the prog ram to stop .
20070201 8-5-9 Command Reference k Jump Commands (JUMP) Dsz Function: This command is a count jump that decrements the value of a control variable b y 1, and then jumps if the current value of the v ar iable is zero .
20070201 8-5-10 Command Reference Goto~Lbl Function: This command performs an unconditional jump to a specifi ed location. Syntax: Goto <label name> ~ Lbl <label name> Parameter s: label .
20070201 Isz Function: This command is a count jump that increments the value of a control variable b y 1, and then jumps if the current value of the v ar iable is zero .
20070201 8-5-12 Command Reference k Clear Commands (CLR) ClrGraph Function: This command clears the graph screen and retur ns View Window settings to their INIT values . Syntax: ClrGraph Description: This command clears the graph screen during program ex ecution.
20070201 8-5-13 Command Reference k Display Commands (DISP) DispF-Tbl, DispR-Tbl No parameters Function: These commands display numeric tables. Description: • These commands generate numeric tables during program e x ecution in accordance with conditions defi ned within the program.
20070201 8-5-14 Command Reference DrawR Σ -Con, DrawR Σ -Plt No parameters Function: These commands use values in a generated table to g raph a recursion e xpression with Σ a n ( Σ b n or Σ c n ) as the vertical axis and n as the hor izontal axis.
20070201 8-5-15 Command Reference k Input/Output Commands (I/O) Getkey Function: This command retur ns the code that corresponds to the last key pressed. Syntax: Getke y Description: • This command retur ns the code that corresponds to the last ke y pressed.
20070201 8-5-16 Command Reference Locate Function: This command displays alpha-numeric characters at a specifi c location on the te xt screen. Syntax: Locate <column number>, <line number>.
20070201 8-5-17 Command Reference Receive ( / Send ( Function: This command receives data from and sends data to a connected device . Syntax: Receive (<data>) / Send (<data>) Description: • This command receives data from and sends data to a connected de vice.
20070201 8-5-18 Command Reference k Conditional Jump Relational Operators (REL) =, ≠ ,> ,< , ≥ , ≤ Function: These relational operators are used in combination with the conditional jump command.
20070201 8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs k T ext Display Y ou can include text in a progr am by simply enclosing it betw een double quotation marks. Such text appears on the displa y dur ing program e xecution, which means you can add labels to input prompts and results.
20070201 u T o calculate a scalar multiplication ( ` Ro w) Example 2 T o calculate the product of Ro w 2 of the matrix in Example 1 and the scalar 4 The follo wing is the syntax to use f or this program. ` Row 4, A, 2 _ Row Matrix name Multiplier Mat A Executing this prog ram produces the f ollowing result.
20070201 u T o add two r ows (Row+) Example 4 T o add Row 2 to Ro w 3 of the matrix in Example 1 The follo wing is the syntax to use f or this program. Row+ A, 2, 3 _ the row number to be added to the row number to be added Matrix name Mat A Executing this prog ram produces the f ollowing result.
20070201 8-6-4 Using Calculator Functions in Programs u Syntax of other graphing functions • V -Window View Window <Xmin>, <Xmax>, <Xscale>, <Ymin>, <Ymax>, <Yscale>, <T θ min>, <T θ max>, <T θ pitch> StoV -Win <area of V -Win> .
20070201 k Using Dynamic Graph Functions in a Program Using Dynamic Graph functions in a program mak es it possible to perform repeated Dynamic Graph operations .
20070201 k Using T able & Graph Functions in a Program T able & Graph functions in a program can generate n umeric tables and perf orm graphing operations. The f ollowing shows various types of syntax y ou need to use when programming with T able & Graph functions.
20070201 k Using Recur sion T able & Graph Functions in a Program Incorporating Recursion T able & Graph functions in a prog ram lets you gener ate numeric tables and perf or m graphing operations. The f ollowing shows v arious types of syntax you need to use when programming with Recursion T able & Graph functions .
20070201 8-6-8 Using Calculator Functions in Programs 1 46232J 2 42 3 3 4 J 6221 5 2 6 3 7 6661 8 ! J 6251 9 ! J 6252JJJ 0 46243 Executing this prog ram produces the results shown here . Numeric T able Recursion graph k Using List Sor t Functions in a Program These functions let you sort data in lists into ascending or descending order.
20070201 k Using Solve Calculation Function in a Program The follo wing is the syntax f or using the Solve function in a prog ram. Solve( f ( x ), n , a , b ) Upper limit Lower limit Initial estimated value Example Program 1 Solve( 2X 2 + 7X – 9, 1, 0, 1) 1 K 41 • In the function f ( x ), only X can be used as a variable in the e xpression.
20070201 The graph conditions that are required depends on the gr aph type. See “Changing Gr aph P arameters” (page 6-1-2). • The following is a typical g raph condition specifi cation f or a scatter diagram or xy Line graph.
20070201 8-6-11 Using Calculator Functions in Programs 1 !m6631 2 4121J 3 11J 4 24J 5 J4141 6 ! J 621 Executing this prog ram produces the scatter diagram sho wn here.
20070201 • P aired-variab le statistical calculation 1 2-V ariable List 1 , List 2 , List 3 F requency data (F requency) y -axis data (YList) x -axis data (XList) 1 4162 • Regression statistical c.
20070201 8-7-1 PRGM Mode Command List 8-7 PRGM Mode Command List Level 2 List L → M Dim Fill Seq Min Max Mean Med Aug Sum Prod Cuml % A Mat M → L Det Trn Aug Iden Dim Fill Ref Rref i Abs Arg Conj .
20070201 8-7-2 PRGM Mode Command List Level 1 V-WIN FACT STAT GRPH DYNA TABL RECR EQUA TVM Level 2 X Y T, R-X R-Y R-T, Xfct Yfct X Y GRPH PTS Y r Xt Yt X Strt End Pitch Strt End Pitch Reslt FORM RANG .
20070201 8-7-3 PRGM Mode Command List Level 1 d~o LOG DISP Level 2 d h b o Neg Not and or xor xnor ' Dec ' Hex ' Bin ' Oct Level 3 Command d h b o Neg_ Not_ and or xor xnor ' .
20070201 8-8-1 Program Library 8-8 Pr ogram Librar y • Be sure to check how man y bytes of un used memor y are remaining before attempting to perform any progr amming. Program Name Prime Factorization Description This program continually divides a natur al number by f actors until all its pr ime f actors are produced.
20070201 8-8-2 Program Library egc w w ww w.
20070201 8-8-3 Program Library Program Name Arithmetic-Geometric Sequence Diff erentiation Description After inputting sequence terms 1, 2, and 3, this program determines whether it is an arithmetic sequence or geometric sequence based on the differences and ratios of the terms.
20070201 8-8-4 Program Library Example 1 Example 2 f w f w ba w ba w bf ca ww.
20070201 8-8-5 Program Library Program Name Ellipse Description This program displa ys a number table of the follo wing v alues based on input of the foci of an ellipse, the sum of the distance between the loci and f oci, and the pitch (step size) of X.
20070201 8-8-6 Program Library d w ba w b w w.
20070201 8-8-7 Program Library Program Name Rotation Description This program dra ws an angle at the coordinate defi ned b y an input ver tex, and then rotates it to a specifi ed angle around the vertex. Purpose This program demonstrates coordinate tr ansf ormation using a matr ix.
20070201 8-8-8 Program Library d w fcde ... fcde ... w w fcde ... da w w fcde ... w.
20070201 8-8-9 Program Library Program Name Interior Angles and Surface Area of a T riangle Description This program calculates the interior angles and surf ace area of a triangle defi ned by input coordinates for angles A, B , and C.
20070201 8-8-10 Program Library b a w a w b w a w a w!x ( ' ) d w.
20070201 9 Spreadsheet The Spreadsheet application provides y ou with pow erful, take- along-anywhere spreadsheet capabilities . 9-1 Spreadsheet Overview 9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation 9-3 Bas.
20070201 9-1 Spreadsheet Over view This section describes the Spreadsheet application screen, and provides basic information about its menus and commands. k Using the S • SHT Mode On the Main Menu, select the S • SHT icon. • This will enter the S • SHT mode and display a spreadsheet.
20070201 k S • SHT Mode Function Menu • { FILE } … {displays the FILE submen u} • { NEW } … {creates a new spreadsheet fi le} • { OPEN } … {displays a list of pre viously saved spreadsheet fi les} Y ou can select a fi le on this list and open it or delete it.
20070201 • { SEQ } … {generates a numeric sequence the same wa y as the “Seq(” command (page 3-2-3)} The sequence star ts from a specifi ed cell, and can be confi gured to proceed in a line-wise or column-wise direction. The direction is the one specifi ed by the “Mo v e” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-8-5).
20070201 • { ST O } … {displays the ST O submenu} • { VA R } … {assigns the contents of a cell to a variable} • { LIST } … {sav es the contents of a range of cells as a list} • { FILE } .
20070201 9-2-1 File Operations and Re-calculation 9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation This section explains the v ar ious operations you can perf or m with S • SHT mode fi les. It also tells you ho w to re-calculate the formulas in a spreadsheet.
20070201 9-2-2 File Operations and Re-calculation u T o open a fi le 1. In the S • SHT mode, press 1 (FILE) 2 (OPEN). • This will display a list of e xisting spreadsheet fi les. 2. Use f and c to highlight the name of the fi le you want to open.
20070201 9-2-3 File Operations and Re-calculation u T o save a fi le under a new name (Save As) 1. In the S • SHT mode, press 1 (FILE) 3 (SV • AS). • This will display a dialog bo x f or entering a fi le name. 2. Enter up to eight characters for the fi le name, and then press w .
20070201 9-3-1 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations 9-3 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations This section explains basic procedures f or selecting cells and moving the cell cursor on a spreadsheet. k Cell Cursor The cell cursor is the highlighting showing the cell or cells that are currently selected on a spreadsheet.
20070201 u T o move the cell cur sor using the JUMP command T o move the cell cursor to here: Do this: A par ticular cell 1. Press 2 (EDIT) 4 (JUMP) 1 (GO). 2. On the “Go T o Cell” dialog box that appears , enter the name of the destination cell (A1 to Z999).
20070201 u T o select an entire line While the cell cursor is located in any cell of Column A, press the d k ey . This will select the entire line where the cell cursor is located. If the cell cursor is located at cell A1, for e xample, pressing d will select all of line 1 (A1 to Z1).
20070201 u T o select a range of cells 1. Move the cell cursor to the start cell of the range you w ant to select. 2. Press ! i (CLIP). • This will cause the cell cursor to change from highlighting to a thick-line boundary . • As you mov e the cell cursor , the edit box will show the range of cells that are currently selected.
20070201 9-4 Inputting and Editing Cell Data This section explains ho w to input and edit f ormulas, text, and other spreadsheet cell data. It cov ers how to cop y , inser t, and delete cells. Note that the S • SHT mode does not suppor t complex n umber data.
20070201 u T o replace a cell’ s current contents with new input 1. Move the cell cursor to the cell where you w ant to input data. 2. Input the desired data. Use the calculator’ s keys to input v alues, math e xpressions, or te xt, and the function menus to input commands.
20070201 2. Press 2 (EDIT) 3 (CELL). • This will enter the edit mode, which is indicated by the cell contents in the edit box changing to fl ush left. The input cursor also will appear to the left of the fi rst character of the edit bo x. 3. Edit the data in the edit box.
20070201 u Formula Input Example In this example , we will input the 60 into cell A1, and then input the f ollowing f or mulas into the indicated cells: B1: =sin(A1), B2: =cos(A1), B3: =tan(A1), B4: =.
20070201 9-4-5 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k Using Cell References A cell reference is a symbol that ref erences the value of one cell f or use by another cell. If you input “=A1+B1” into cell C2, f or e xample, the Spreadsheet will add the current v alue of cell A1 to the current value of cell B1, and displa y the result in cell C2.
20070201 9-4-6 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k Referencing a Particular Cell The follo wing procedure shows ho w to reference A1 (which contains the v alue 3) and perform the calculation A1 × 2. u T o reference a particular cell 1. Move the cell cursor to cell A2, and then input ! .
20070201 9-4-7 Inputting and Editing Cell Data 5. Next, input *c . 6. Press w to store the formula. Result of A1 × 2 k Referencing a Range of Cells Y ou can reference a range of cells to obtain their sum, mean, etc. The follo wing procedure input a f ormula to deter mine the sum of cells A6 through B7, and inputs the result in cell A4.
20070201 9-4-8 Inputting and Editing Cell Data 5. Press ! i (CLIP). • This will cause the cell cursor to change from highlighting to a thick-line boundary . 6. Use the cursor keys to mov e the cell cursor to the last cell of the range you w ant to select (B7 in this example).
20070201 9-4-9 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k Inputting the Absolute Reference Symbol ($) Y ou can input the absolute reference symbol at the current cursor position b y pressing the 2 ($) ke y of the edit mode function menu. See “Absolute Cell Ref erences” (page 9-4-5) f or more information.
20070201 9-4-10 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k Inputting a Constant An expression or v alue that you input without an equal (=) in front of it is called a “constant”, because the value is not aff ected by anything outside of the cell where it is located.
20070201 9-4-11 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k Inputting T ext A text string starting with a quote mar k (") is treated as text, and displa yed as-is. The quote mark (") is not display ed as par t of the text. Up to six characters can be display ed by the cell.
20070201 9-4-12 Inputting and Editing Cell Data 3. Enter the required items to generate the sequence. • The follo wing describes the required input items.
20070201 k Filling a Range of Cells with the Same Content Y ou can use the follo wing procedure to fi ll a range of cells with the same f ormula, expression, value , or te xt.
20070201 4. Press w . 5. Press 6 (EXE) or the w key . • This ex ecutes the “FILL ” command and fi lls the specifi ed content into the specifi ed range of cells. The A1 cell reference is a relative ref erence. The f ollowing shows the f ormulas that are actually input into each cell.
20070201 9-4-15 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k Cut and Paste Y ou can use the procedures in this section to cut the data in one location of a spreadsheet and paste in another location. Y ou can cut the contents of a single cell or a range of cells.
20070201 • When a cell within the cut area is referencing a cell that also is within the cut area In this case all cell references are treated as relativ e cell references, no matter what type they actually are (absolute or relativ e). Example Let’ s say we have a spreadsheet that contains the f ollowing data: A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: = $B$1+2.
20070201 3. Use the cursor keys to mov e the cell cursor to the cell from which you want to paste the data. • If you selected a range of cells in step 1, the cell y ou select with the cell cursor will be the upper left cell of the paste range. If you cut the A1:B2 range of cells, locating the cell cursor at cell C1 will paste the cells at C1:D2.
20070201 3. Use the cursor keys to mov e the cell cursor to the cell from which you want to paste the data. • If you selected a range of cells in step 1, the cell y ou select with the cell cursor will be the upper left cell of the paste range.
20070201 k Sor ting Spreadsheet Data Spreadsheet data can be sor ted column-wise or line-wise. Y ou can select either ascending sor t or descending sor t. Important! • Sor ting can be performed only when the selected range of cells contains all constants.
20070201 3. Use the DEL submenu to perform the operation you want. When you want to do this: Press this key: Delete the entire row(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shift anything below upw ards. 1 (RO W) Delete the entire column(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shift anything to the right leftwards.
20070201 u T o insert lines or columns of blank cells 1. Select one or more cells to specify how many lines or columns you w ant to inser t. • Selection rules are the same as those for line and column deletion. See step 1 under “T o delete an entire line or column of cells” (page 9-4-19) f or more inf ormation.
20070201 9-5 S • SHT Mode Commands This section explains ho w to use the S • SHT mode commands. u T o input a S • SHT mode command 1. Select the cells where you want to input the f ormula that contains the S • SHT mode command. 2. Press 2 (EDIT) 3 (CELL) or ! .
20070201 k S • SHT Mode Command Reference This section provides details about the function and syntax of each command, as well as practical e xamples of how to use them. Note that you can omit an ything enclosed in brack ets ([ ]) in the Syntax of each command.
20070201 u CellMax( Function: Retur ns the greatest v alue contained in the range of specifi ed cells. Syntax: CellMax( star t cell : end cell [ ) ] Example: T o deter mine the greatest v alue in the.
20070201 u CellSum( Function: Retur ns the sum of the values contained in the r ange of specifi ed cells. Syntax: CellSum( star t cell : end cell [ ) ] Example: T o determine the sum of the values in.
20070201 9-6-1 Statistical Graphs 9-6 Statistical Graphs This section explains ho w to graph the data in a spreadsheet. k Overview Except for selection of the data to be g raphed, the graph oper ations you can use in the S • SHT mode are basically the same as those in the S TAT mode.
20070201 9-6-2 Statistical Graphs k Confi guring Graph Parameter Settings Pressing 6 (SET) on the GRPH submenu displa ys a graph settings screen lik e the one shown below . In the ST A T mode, you can g raph data input with the List Editor . In the S • SHT mode, y ou can graph the data input into the spreadsheet cells .
20070201 9-6-3 Statistical Graphs k Graphing Statistical Data The follo wing shows an actual e xample of how to graph statistical data in the S • SHT mode. It also explains v ar ious methods you can use to specify the range of cells that contains the graph data.
20070201 9-6-4 Statistical Graphs 5. Confi gure the g raph setup settings. • For inf ormation about confi guring the Graph T ype and Mar k T ype settings, see “1.
20070201 9-6-5 Statistical Graphs k Confi guring Range Settings for Graph Data Cells The XCellRange and YCellRange settings on the graph settings screen are confi gured automatically in accordance with the cells you select on the spreadsheet. Y ou can use the procedure below to change these settings manually , if you want.
20070201 9-6-6 Statistical Graphs k Confi guring the Frequency Setting The frequency is a value that specifi es ho w many times each of the statistical data items is repeated. A value of 1 is the initial def ault for this setting. With this setting, each data item ( x ) or data pair ( x , y ) is represented as one point on the graph.
20070201 9-7-1 Using the CALC Function 9-7 Using the CALC Function This section explains ho w to use the CALC function to perf orm statistical calculations on spreadsheet data. k Overview Except for selection of the data, the statistical calculation oper ations you can use in the S • SHT mode are basically the same as those in the S TAT mode.
20070201 9-7-2 Using the CALC Function k Confi guring Statistical Calculation Data Settings T o execute a statistical calculation in the S • SHT mode , you need to input the data on the spreadsheet and defi ne the range of cells where the data is located as statistical calculation cells.
20070201 9-7-3 Using the CALC Function k Executing a Statistical Calculation The follo wing shows an actual e xample of how to perform a statistical calculation in the S • SHT mode.
20070201 9-7-4 Using the CALC Function 9. Press J2 (2V AR). • This will display the paired-variab le statistical calculation result list. Y ou can use the up and down cursor ke ys to scroll the result screen.
20070201 9-8-1 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode 9-8 Using Memor y in the S • SHT Mode This section explains ho w to sav e spreadsheet data to memor y , and how to impor t memor y data into a spreadsheet. k Saving Spreadsheet Data Y ou can assign spreadsheet data to a variable , or sav e it to List Memory , File Memor y , or Mat Memory .
20070201 9-8-2 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode k Saving Spreadsheet Data to List Memory Y ou can use the follo wing procedure to select a series of cells in a par ticular column or row and sav e their data to List Memory (List 1 through List 26). u T o save the contents of a range of cells to List Memory 1.
20070201 9-8-3 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode u T o save the contents of a range of cells to File Memory 1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to sa ve in File Memory . 2. Press 6 ( g ) 3 (ST O) 3 (FILE). • The “Cell Range” setting will show the range of cells you selected in step 1.
20070201 k Recalling Data from Memory The procedures in this section explain ho w to recall data from List Memory , File Memory , and Mat Memory , and input it into a spreadsheet star ting from a specifi c cell. It also explains ho w to use variables in spreadsheet constants and f or mulas.
20070201 u T o recall data from a File Memory to a spreadsheet 1. On the spreadsheet, select the upper left cell of the range where you want the recalled data to be input. 2. Press 6 ( g ) 4 (RCL) 2 (FILE) to display a data recall screen lik e the one shown below .
20070201 eActivity An eActivity is both a documentation tool and a student notebook. As a documentation tool, a teacher can create electronic e xamples and practice prob lems with accompanying te xt, mathematical e xpressions, gr aphs, and tab les.
20070201 10-1 eActivity Overview eActivity lets you input and edit te xt, mathematical expressions, and application data, and sav e your input in a fi le called an “eActivity”. k Using the e • A CT Mode On the Main Menu, select the e • ACT icon.
20070201 k W orkspace Screen Function Menu Opening an eActivity fi le displays a w orkspace screen that shows the current contents of the eActivity . The sample below shows the parts that make up the eActivity workspace. Note that not all of the eActivity can be display ed in a single screen.
20070201 k T ext Line Function Menu • { FILE } … {displa ys the FILE submenu} • { SA VE } … {saves the fi le y ou are editing, ov erwriting the previous (unedited) v ersion} • { SV • AS }.
20070201 k Math Line and Stop Line Function Menu • { FILE } … Same as {FILE} under “T ext Line Function Men u” (page 10-1-3). • { STRP } … Same as {STRP} under “T e xt Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
20070201 10-1-5 eActivity Overview k Strip Function Menu • { FILE } … Same as {FILE} under “T ext Line Function Men u” (page 10-1-3) e xcept for {SIZE}.
20070201 10-1-6 eActivity Overview 1. Fr om the main menu, enter the e • A CT mode. 2. Create a new eActivity fi le. 1. Press 2 (NEW). 2. On the dialog box that appears, enter up to eight characters f or the eActivity fi le name, and then press w .
20070201 10-1-7 eActivity Overview 2. Specify the Solve calculation, and then enter the function. A K 4 (CALC) 1 (Solve) c vx + v -d, 3. Input the initial estimate value, the low er limit, and the upper limit. a,a,ba) 4. Press w to solve f or x . • This will display the solution ( x = 1) and mo ve the cursor to the beginning of the next line .
20070201 10-1-8 eActivity Overview 6. Graph the expression using the Graph strip. 1. While the “Graph dra w” Graph strip you created in step 5 is selected, press w . • This will display a gr aph screen. 2. Press !6 (G ↔ T) to display the Gr aph Editor screen.
20070201 10-2 W orking with eActivity Files This section explains the diff erent fi le operations you can perf or m from the eActivity fi le list screen. k eActivity File Operations u T o create a new fi le 1. If you want to create the fi le in a specifi c f older , use f and c to highlight the folder you w ant, and then press 1 (OPEN) or w .
20070201 u T o open a fi le 1. If the fi le y ou want to open is in a folder , use f and c to highlight the folder , and then press 1 (OPEN) or w . 2. Use f and c to highlight the fi le you want to open, and then press 1 (OPEN) or w * 1 . • This will open the fi le.
20070201 10-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data The follo wing shows the type of eActivity fi le data y ou can input and edit. T ext lines Strip Math lines Stop line T ext line A text line can be used to input char acters, numbers , and e xpressions as non-ex ecutable text.
20070201 k Navigating ar ound the eActivity W orkspace Screen u T o scroll the eActivity w orkspace screen vertically The workspace screen can be scrolled line-by-line . • Pressing f while the cursor is in the top line of the wor kspace screen will scroll one line upwards.
20070201 10-3-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u T o change the current line into a text line 1. On the eActivity wor kspace screen, check the menu of the 3 function k ey . • If the 3 key menu is “TEXT”, it means that the current line is already a text line.
20070201 10-3-4 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u Inputting and Editing T ext Line Contents • Y ou can input up to 255 bytes of text into a te xt line. T ext in the te xt line wraps automatically to fi t inside the display area (W ord Wr ap Function).
20070201 10-3-5 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u T o input a calculation form ula into an eActivity 1. On the eActivity wor kspace screen, change the line where the cursor is currently located into a math line, or insert a new math line.
20070201 10-3-6 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u T o insert a math line T o inser t a math line while the cursor is located here: Perf orm this key operation: In a math line 5 (INS) 2 (CALC.
20070201 10-3-7 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u Stop Line Example The follo wing screen shows ho w you can use stop lines to group calculation steps . A B A: Substituting a value ( π 6 here) for θ in the expression in line 1 e xecutes (sin θ ) 2 + (cos θ ) 2 in line 3, and displays the result in line 4 (1).
20070201 k Inser ting a Strip A strip can be used to embed data from Graph, Conics Graph, Spreadsheet, and other applications into an eActivity . Note that only one application screen (either the Graph screen or Graph Editor screen in the case of GRAPH mode data, f or e xample) can be used in each strip.
20070201 u T o insert a strip 1. Move the cursor to the location where you w ant to inser t the strip. 2. Press 2 (STRP). • This will display a dialog bo x with a list of inser table strips. 3. Use f and c to highlight the name of the strip for the type of data you w ant to embed.
20070201 When you want to embed this type of data: Select this type of strip: D YNA mode Dynamic Graph screen Dynamic Gr aph TVM mode Financial screen Financial S • SHT mode Spreadsheet screen SpreadSheet 4. Press w . • The strip is inser ted abov e the line or the strip where the cursor is currently located.
20070201 10-3-11 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u T o change the title of a strip 1. Use f and c to highlight the strip whose title you w ant to change. 2. Input the new title. • Press d or e to display the te xt input cursor , and then edit the current title.
20070201 u T o call up an application from a strip 1. Use the f and c cursor ke ys to mov e the highlighting to the strip whose associated application you w ant to call up . 2. Press w . • The application screen will be blank the fi rst time you call it up after inserting a str ip .
20070201 u T o switch fr om an application screen called up from a strip to another application screen Press ! , ( , ). • On the application list that appears, use f and c to highlight the name of the screen to which you w ant to switch, and then press w .
20070201 3. Press w to call up the graph screen. • Since you hav e not input any data yet, the graph screen that appears will be b lank. 4. Press !6 (G ↔ T) to display the Gr aph Editor screen. • This will display the current Graph strip’ s Graph relation list.
20070201 u T able Editor Strip Example In this example , we use a T able Editor strip to input the function y = x 2 , and ref erence “List 1” of the List Editor for the x -variable range to generate a n umber table . Things to remember ... • Use the T able Editor to input the function y = x 2 .
20070201 8. Call up the List Editor screen (page 6-1-1). • Press ! , ( , ) to display the application list, select List Editor , and then press w . 9. Input the values into List 1. 10. Retur n to the T able Editor screen. • Press ! , ( , ) to display the application list, select T able Editor , and then press w .
20070201 u T o use copy and paste to draw a graph 1. Perf or m steps 1 through 7 under “T o create a Graph strip” (page 10-3-13) to create a Graph strip with the title “Gr aph dra w”. • After completing step 7, check to make sure the Graph strip is highlighted on the eActivity workspace screen.
20070201 k Using Notes Notes is a text editor that can be used only in eActivity . Y ou can call up the Notes screen from a Notes strip on the eActivity workspace screen. Y ou can perform the follo wing operations on a Notes screen. u Input and edit text T ext is input at the current cursor position on the Notes screen.
20070201 k Deleting an eActivity Line or Strip Use the follo wing procedure to delete a line or strip from the eActivity workspace screen. Remember that deleting a math line deletes both the expression line and the result line . u T o delete a line or strip 1.
20070201 k Saving an eActivity File After inputting or editing data on the eActivity workspace screen, you can sa ve it to a fi le under a new name (Sa ve As) or y ou can replace the pre viously sav ed v ersion of the fi le you are working on (Sav e).
20070201 10-4 Using Matrix Editor and List Editor In addition to the strip operation for calling up application screens within eActivity (page 10-3-12), you can also use the eActivity function menu to call up Matrix Editor and List Editor .
20070201 k Calling Up List Editor Y ou can call up List Editor to input a list into a math line on the eActivity workspace screen. Note The data you create b y calling up the List Editor using the procedure below can be used in the calculation line on the eActivity workspace screen only .
20070201 10-5-1 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen 10-5 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen The size of an eActivity fi le is limited. Y ou can use the eActivity fi le memory usage screen to check the current siz e and how much more memory is av ailable f or the eActivity fi le y ou are working on.
20070201 10-6 eActivity Guide eActivity Guide is a function that helps you na vigate through scientifi c function calculation operations. Y ou can perform calculator operations simply by f ollowing the instructions that appear on the display .
20070201 k Creating a Guide u T o enter the guide creation mode 1. On the eActivity wor kspace screen, select a strip and then press 6 ( g ) to display page two of the function menu. • In this example we will select a Gr aph Editor strip. 2. Press 5 (GUIDE).
20070201 u T o create an n-key operation 1. On the operation patter n selection screen, press 1 (nKEYS). • This will display the dialog bo x shown below . K ey indicator • 1 (OK) ... Star ts key input recording. • f ... Displays the ke y indicator in the upper r ight cor ner .
20070201 4. After input is complete, press A . • This will display a comment bo x. 5. Input any comment text y ou want about the k ey operation sequence. 6. After inputting comment text, press w to register the n-ke y operation input. • This will retur n to the operation pattern selection screen.
20070201 10-6-5 eActivity Guide u T o create a 1-key operation The follo wing operation assumes that y ou are continuing from the procedure under “T o create an n-ke y operation” (page 10-6-3). 1. On the operation patter n selection screen, press 2 (1-KEY).
20070201 10-6-6 eActivity Guide u T o create an A UTO operation The follo wing operation assumes that y ou are continuing from the procedure under “T o create a 1-ke y operation” (page 10-6-5). 1. On the operation patter n selection screen, press 3 (A UT O).
20070201 10-6-7 eActivity Guide 5. After input is complete, press A . • This will display a comment bo x. 6. Input any comment text y ou want about the k ey operation sequence . 7. After inputting comment text, press w to register the A UTO operation input.
20070201 10-6-8 eActivity Guide u T o exit the guide creation mode 1. While creating a guide, press 4 (END). • This will display the dialog bo x shown to the right.
20070201 k Editing a Guide There are two methods that can be used to edit a guide. • Editing of the guide you are currently creating • Editing of the guide of an existing strip from the eActivity .
20070201 3. Input a value to specify the number of ke ys you w ant to jump and then press w . • Here we want to jump to the b k ey , so we will input h w . This number indicates the number of the current ke y operation from the beginning of the function.
20070201 k Editing Example In this example , we sho w how to edit the graph function (Y1 = −X 2 + 1) that is input at the end of the operation under “T o create an n-key operation” (page 10-6-3). u T o change −X 2 + 1 to −2X 2 + 1 (by inserting a c key bef ore the v key) 1.
20070201 u T o change −2X 2 + 1 to −2X 2 + 2 (by o verwriting the b key with the c ke y) 1. This will display the b ke y editing screen. 2. Press 2 (O VW). 3. Press c . • This will overwrite the b k ey with the c key and display the guide creation screen from the next k ey ( w key).
20070201 u T o change −2X 2 + 2 to 2X 2 + 2 (by deleting the - ke y) 1. This will display the - ke y editing screen. 2. Press 5 (DEL). 3. Press 1 (Y es). • This will delete the - key and displa y the guide creation screen from the next k ey ( c key).
20070201 u T o exit a editing operation 1. Press 4 (END). 2. Press 1 (Y es) or 6 (No). • Exits the editing operation and returns to the eActivity wor kspace screen.
20070201 u Running a Guide This example sho ws how to run the guide created under “Creating a Guide” (page 10-6-2). 1. On the eActivity wor kspace screen, select the Graph strip and then press w . • This will display the screen sho wn to the right.
20070201 4. If exit strip is tur ned on, press w . • This will display the dialog bo x shown to the right. • 1 (Y es) ... Exits the str ip and retur ns to the eActivity workspace screen.
20070201 k eActivity Guide Editing T echniques u T o edit a guide from the end On the editing screen, press 5 (PLA Y) 5 ( ). u T o insert SETUP or V -Window setting changes into a key operation sequen.
20070201 System Settings Men u Use the system settings menu to vie w system inf or mation and make system settings . The system settings menu lets y ou do the f ollowing.
20070201 11-1-1 Using the System Settings Menu 11-1 Using the System Settings Menu F rom the Main Menu, enter the SYSTEM mode and displa y the following menu items . • 1 ( ) ... {display contrast adjustment} • 2 ( ) ... {Auto P ower Off time setting, backlight dur ation (for models equipped with a backlight only)} • 3 (LANG) .
20070201 11-2 System Settings k Contrast Adjustment Use the (Contrast) item to adjust display contrast. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is display ed, press 1 ( ) to display the Contrast Adjustment screen. • The e cursor key mak es displa y contrast darker .
20070201 k Po wer Properties Settings Y ou can specify either 10 minutes or 60 minutes as the A uto P ower Off trigger time. Y ou can also specify the backlight duration. u T o specify the Auto P ower Off trigger time 1. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displa yed, press 2 ( ) to display the P ower Proper ties Setting screen.
20070201 k System Language Setting Use LANG to specify the displa y language for b uilt-in applications. Y ou can also use add-ins to install various other languages. u T o select the message language 1. From the initial SYSTEM mode screen, press 3 (LANG) to display the Message Language selection screen.
20070201 11-3-1 V ersion List * 1 Only installed add-ins are display ed. # The operating system version that actually appears depends on the calculator model.
20070201 11-3-2 V ersion List u T o register a user name 1. While the V ersion list is display ed, press 1 (NAME) to displa y the user name input screen. 2. Input up to eight characters for the user name y ou want. 3. After inputting the name, press w to register it, and return to the V ersion list.
20070201 11-4 Reset 1. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displa yed, press 5 (RSET) to display the Reset Screen 1. • 1 (STUP) ... {setup initialization} • 2 (MAIN) ... {main memor y data clear} • 3 (ADD) ... {add-in application clear} • 4 (SMEM) .
20070201 11-4-2 Reset 2. Press the function key that corresponds to the reset operation y ou want to perform. 3. In response to the confi rmation message that appears, press 1 (Y es) to perform the reset operation you specifi ed, or 6 (No) to cancel.
20070201 Data Comm unications This chapter tells you e verything you need to know to tr ansf er programs betw een two CASIO P ower Gr aphic calculators connected using the cable that is equipped as a standard accessor y . Y ou can use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to connect it to a computer to e xchange images and other data.
20070201 12-1-1 Connecting T wo Units 12-1 Connecting T w o Units The follo wing procedure describes how to connect two units with the connecting cab le that comes equipped as a standard accessory . u T o connect two units 1. Check to make sure that the pow er of both units is off.
20070201 12-2 Connecting the Unit to a P ersonal Computer Y ou can use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to connect it to a computer to exchange images and other data.
20070201 12-3 P erforming a Data Comm unication Operation F rom the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode . The f ollowing data communication main menu appears on the display . • { TRAN } ... {displays the data send screen} • { RECV } ... {displays the data receiv e screen} • { CABL } .
20070201 k Perf orming a Data T ransfer Operation Connect the two units and then perf orm the following procedures . Receiving unit T o set up the calculator to receive data, press 2 (RECV) while the data communication main menu is displa yed. The calculator enters a data receive standb y mode and waits f or data to arr ive .
20070201 12-3-3 P erforming a Data Communication Operation Pressing 1 (MAIN) or 2 (SMEM) displays a screen f or specifying the data selection method. When 1 (MAIN) is pressed When 2 (SMEM) is pressed • { SEL } ... {selects new data} • { CRNT } ...
20070201 u T o execute a send operation After selecting the data items to send, press 6 (TRAN). A message appears to confi rm that you w ant to ex ecute the send operation. • 1 (Y es) ... sends data • 6 (No) ... retur ns to data selection screen Press 1 (Y es) to send the data.
20070201 12-3-5 P erforming a Data Communication Operation k Specifying the Cable T ype Use the follo wing procedure to specify the cable type f or data communication. 1. On the data communication main menu, press 4 (CABL). This displays the cab le type selection screen.
20070201 12-4 Data Comm unications Precautions The follo wing are the types of data items that can be sent. Data Item Contents Overwrite Check * 1 <PROGRAM> Program group Program names Program contents (All progr ams are listed.
20070201 12-4-2 Data Communications Precautions Data Item Contents Overwrite Check * 1 <CAPTURE> Capture memory group CAPT n Capture memory (1 to 20) data No SETUP Setup data No SYSTEM OS and data shared by applications (clipboard, replay , histor y , etc.
20070201 12-4-3 Data Communications Precautions k Exchanging Data with another Model Calculator • The graph line style data of this calculator is interchangeable with the line color data of the CFX-9850. • Sending the follo wing type of data to a CFX-9850 will cause an error .
20070201 12-5 Image T ransfer k T ransferring Images to a Computer Use the follo wing procedure to capture calculator screen images to a computer . P erform this procedure using F A-124 software running on the computer. 1. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to the computer .
20070201 k Auto Image T ransfer to an OHP Unit (OH-9860* 1 ) The follo wing procedure sends the screen of this calculator to an OHP unit at fi x ed intervals. 1. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to the OHP unit. 2. From the Main Men u, enter the LINK mode.
20070201 20070601 12-5-3 Image T ransfer k Connecting to a Projector Y ou can connect the calculator to a CASIO projector and project calculator screen contents onto a screen.
20070201 12-6-1 Add-ins 12-6 Add-ins Add-in capabilities let you install separately a vailable applications and other software to tailor the calculator to suit your particular needs. Add-ins are installed from a computer using the data communication described on page 12-3-1.
20070201 k Installing an Add-in Application and Message Language Data Using F A-124 PROGRAM-LINK 1. On your computer’ s desktop , double-clic k “F A-124”. • This will star t up F A-124 PROGRAM-LINK. 2. Click the icon to switch to displa y of Storage Memor y contents.
20070201 6. Select the add-in that you want to install. • If you are installing an add-in from the CD-ROM (Ph ysium, Geometr y , etc.), navigate to the CD-ROM that is in y our computer’ s CD-ROM drive and then select the add-in. • If you are installing an add-in fi le that you do wnloaded on the W eb , select the downloaded add-in fi le.
20070201 10. In the Computer window , right-click the add-in application you w ant to install and then click “Copy” on the shor tcut menu that appears. 11. In the fx-9860 window , right-click the user name and then select “P aste” on the shor tcut menu that appears.
20070201 12. The data will be copied from the Computer window to the fx-9860 window . 13. After the cop y operation is complete, the add-in application will appear under the user name in the fx-9860 window .
20070201 12-7-1 MEMOR Y Mode 12-7 MEMOR Y Mode This calculator has two separate memory areas: a “main memor y” and a “storage memory . ” The main memory is a wor k area where you can perf or m input data, perform calculations and run programs.
20070201 k Memory Information Screen Press 1 (MAIN) to display current main memory use information. Press 2 (SMEM) to display current stor age memory use information. • Use the cursor f and c keys to mo v e the highlighting and check the number of b ytes used by each type of data.
20070201 Moving the highlighting to a data group or f older and pressing w will display the data group or folder contents . Pressing J will retur n to the previous screen. When the contents of a storage memory folder are displa yed, the fi rst line of the screen shows the name of the f older .
20070201 Data Name Contents <CAPTURE> Capture memor y group CAPT n ( n = 1 to 20) Capture memor y CONICS Conics setting data <PROGRAM> Program group Each program name Programs <S-SHEET&.
20070201 k Creating a Folder in Storage Memory Use the follo wing procedure to create and rename f olders in storage memory . u T o create a new f older 1. While storage memor y data is on the display , press 4 (MK • F) to displa y the folder name input screen.
20070201 u T o rename a folder 1. On the storage memor y information screen, select the f older you want to rename . 2. Press 5 (RN • F) to display the rename f older screen. 3. Input up to eight characters for the name y ou want to give to the f older.
20070201 • Y ou can select multiple fi les, if you want. 1 (SEL) • Selecting a group or folder also selects e verything inside of it. Deselecting a group or f older deselects all of its contents.
20070201 k Copying Data Y ou can copy data between main memory and storage memory . u T o copy fr om main memory to storage memory Note • The follo wing procedure sav es the selected data into a single fi le. Y ou assign a name to the fi le, which is stored in storage memory .
20070201 k Error Checks During Data Cop y The follo wing error checks are perf or med while a data copy operation is being e xecuted. Low battery chec k The calculator performs low battery check bef ore star ting the data copy oper ation. If the battery is at Level 1, a lo w battery error occurs and the copy operation is not perf ormed.
20070201 Overwrite check is perf or med for the f ollowing types of data only . All other types of data are copied, without checking f or data fi les with the same name . • Programs • Matrices • List fi les • Graph memor ies • Dynamic Graph memories • Spreadsheet data Overwrite check is perf or med for data of the same type only .
20070201 k Deleting Files Use the procedures in this section to delete main memory and storage memor y data. u T o delete a main memory fi le 1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 1 (MAIN). • This displays a list of fi les that are in the main memory .
20070201 k Searching f or a File Use the follo wing procedures to search f or a specifi c fi le in the main memory or storage memory . u T o search f or a fi le in the main memory Example T o search f or all fi les in the main memor y whose names begin with the letter “R” 1.
20070201 u T o search f or a fi le in the storage memory Example T o search f or all fi les in the storage memor y whose names begin with the letter “S” 1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 2 (SMEM). • This displays a list of fi les that are in the storage memory .
20070201 k Backing Up Main Memory Data Y ou can back up all the data in the main memory and store it in the storage memor y . Later you can restore the bac ked up data to the main memory when necessar y . u T o back up main memory data 1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 4 (BKUP).
20070201 u T o restore backup data to the main memory 1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 4 (BKUP). • On the screen that appears, you can confi rm whether or not there is backup data in the storage memory . 2. Press 2 (LOAD). This displays the f older selection screen.
20070201 12-7-16 MEMOR Y Mode k Optimizing the Storage Memory Storage memory can become fragmented after many store and load operations . F ragmentation can cause b locks of memory to become unav ailable f or data storage .
20070201 Appendix 1 Error Messa ge T able 2 Input Ranges α.
20070201 α -1-1 Error Message T able 1 Err or Message T able Message Meaning Countermeasure Syntax ERROR • Illegal syntax • Attempt to input an illegal command • Press J to display the error and make necessary corrections. Ma ERROR • Calculation result exceeds the display r ange.
20070201 α -1-2 Error Message T able Message Meaning Countermeasure Memory ERROR • Operation or memory storage operation e xceeds remaining memory capacity . • K eep the number of memor ies you use within the currently specifi ed number of memories.
20070201 α -1-3 Error Message T able Message Meaning Countermeasure No V ariable • No variable specifi ed within a graph function being used f or Dynamic Graph. • No v ariable within a Solve equation. • Specify a v ariable for the g raph function.
20070201 α -1-4 Error Message T able Message Meaning Countermeasure Inv alid T ype • An illegal data type is specifi ed. • Specify v alid data. Storage Memory Full • The storage memory is full. • Delete unneeded data. Data ERROR • A data error occurred.
20070201 α -2-1 Input Ranges 2 Input Ranges Function Input range for real number solutions Internal digits Precision Notes sin x cos x tan x (DEG) | x | < 9 × (10 9 )° (RAD) | x | < 5 × 10 7 π rad (GRA) | x | < 1 × 10 10 grad 15 digits As a rule, precision is ± 1 at the 10th digit.
20070201 α -2-2 Input Ranges Function Input range for real number solutions Internal digits Precision Notes P ol ( x , y ) x 2 + y 2 < 1 × 10 100 15 digits As a rule, precision is ± 1 at the 10th digit.
20070201 α -2-3 Input Ranges Function Input range Binary , octal, decimal, hexadecimal calculation V alues fall within f ollowing ranges after conv ersion: DEC: –2147483648 < x < 2147483647 B.
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CASIO COMPUTER CO ., L TD . 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, T okyo 151-8543, Japan One or more of the following patents may be used in the pr oduct.
An important point after buying a device Casio FX-9860G (or even before the purchase) is to read its user manual. We should do this for several simple reasons:
If you have not bought Casio FX-9860G yet, this is a good time to familiarize yourself with the basic data on the product. First of all view first pages of the manual, you can find above. You should find there the most important technical data Casio FX-9860G - thus you can check whether the hardware meets your expectations. When delving into next pages of the user manual, Casio FX-9860G you will learn all the available features of the product, as well as information on its operation. The information that you get Casio FX-9860G will certainly help you make a decision on the purchase.
If you already are a holder of Casio FX-9860G, but have not read the manual yet, you should do it for the reasons described above. You will learn then if you properly used the available features, and whether you have not made any mistakes, which can shorten the lifetime Casio FX-9860G.
However, one of the most important roles played by the user manual is to help in solving problems with Casio FX-9860G. Almost always you will find there Troubleshooting, which are the most frequently occurring failures and malfunctions of the device Casio FX-9860G along with tips on how to solve them. Even if you fail to solve the problem, the manual will show you a further procedure – contact to the customer service center or the nearest service center
