Instruction/ maintenance manual of the product fx-115ES Casio
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http://world.casio.com/edu/ RCA502160-001V01 E fx-115ES fx-991ES User's Guide.
CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany.
E-1 About this Manual • The MA TH mark indicates an example that uses Math f ormat, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output f or mats, see “Specifying the Input/Output F ormat”. •K e ycap mar kings indicate what a ke y inputs or what function it performs.
E-2 • The follo wing shows an example of ho w a key oper ation to select an on-screen menu item is represented in this User’ s Guide. Example: 1 (Setup) Indicates the menu item that is selected b y the number ke y operation ( 1 ) bef ore it. Note that this is not part of the actual ke y operation you perf orm.
E-3 Safety Precautions Be sure to read the f ollowing safety precautions bef ore using this calculator . K eep this manual handy for later ref erence. Caution This symbol is used to indicate inf or mation that can result in personal injury or mater ial damage if ignored.
E-4 Handling Precautions •B e sure to press the O ke y before using the calculator f or the first time. •E ven if the calculator is operating normally , replace the battery at least once every three years. A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator .
E-5 Befor e Using the Calculator k Removing the Har d Case Bef ore using the calculator, slide its hard case do wnwards to remov e it, and then affix the hard case to the bac k of the calculator as shown in the illustration below . k T urning P ower On and Off •P ress O to turn on the calculator.
E-6 k About the Display Y our calculator has a 31-dot × 96-dot LCD screen. Example: k Display Indicator s Sample Display: This Means this: indicator: The keypad has been shifted b y pressing the 1 ke y. The ke ypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a k ey .
E-7 Important! •F or a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to e xecute, the displa y ma y show only the abov e indicators (without any value) while it perf orms the calculation internally .
E-8 •S ee “Adjusting Displa y Contrast” f or information about how to use “ ] CONT ' ”. Specifying the Input/Output Format For this input/output format: P erf orm this key operation: Ma.
E-9 •N orm: Selecting one of the tw o availab le settings (Nor m1, Norm2) determines the range in which results will be display ed in non- e xponential format.
E-10 k Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings P erf or ming the follo wing procedure initializes the calculation mode and other setup settings as shown belo w .
E-11 Example: sin 30 = LINE s 30)= Pressing s inputs “sin(”. •N ote that the input procedure is different if y ou want to use Math fo rm at. For more inf ormation, see “Inputting with Math Format”. Omitting the Multiplication Sign Y ou can omit the multiplication sign ( × ) in any of the f ollowing cases .
E-12 •N ormally the input cursor appears as a straight ver tical ( I ) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the displa y screen. When there are 10 or fe wer bytes of input remaining in the current e xpression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know .
E-13 Deleting a Character or Function Example: To correct the expression 369 × × 12 so it becomes 369 × 12 LINE Inser t Mode: 369**12 dd Y Ov erwrite Mode: 369**12 ddd Y Correcting a Calculation Ex.
E-14 k Displaying the Location of an Err or If an error message (lik e “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERR OR”) appears when you press = , press d or e . This will display the part of the calculation where the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the error location.
E-15 Functions and Symbols Supported for Math Format Input • The “Bytes” column shows the n umber of bytes of memory that are used up by input. Function/Symbol Ke y Operation Bytes Improper F ra.
E-16 Example 3: To input (1 + ) 2 × 2 = MA TH (1+ ' 2 c 5 e ) Math w *2= •W hen you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math fo rm at, par t of the expression y ou input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to vie w the entire input e xpression again, press A and then press e .
E-17 Original Expression: Function Ke y Operation Resulting Expression Integral 7 Derivative 1 7 ( F ) Σ Calculation 1 & ( 8 ) Y ou can also incor porate v alues into the following functions. 1l ( $ ), 1i ( % ), ! , 6 , 1 ! ( # ), 1w (Abs) Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' ' ' ' ' 2, π , etc.
E-18 Example 2: sin (60) = (Angle Unit: Deg) MA TH s 60= Math Example 3: sin –1 (0.5) = π (Angle Unit: Rad) MA TH 1 s (sin –1 ) 0.5= Math • The follo wing are the calculations for which ' fo rm (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be display ed.
E-19 The follo wing shows the range f or each of the coefficients ( a , b , c , d , e , f ). 1 < a < 100, 1 < b < 1000, 1 < c < 100 0 < d < 100, 0 < e < 1000, 1 < f < 100 Example: The underlined areas in the abov e examples indicate what caused decimal f or m to be used.
E-20 • If a term is encountered during the calculation cannot be displayed as a root ( ' ) form or a fraction, the calculation result is displa yed in decimal f or m. Example: log3 + ' 2 = 1.891334817 Basic Calculations (COMP) This section e xplains how to perform arithmetic, fraction, percent, and sexagesimal calculations .
E-21 Omitting a Final Closed P arenthesis Y ou can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the = ke y at the end of a calculation.
E-22 Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format • The f or mat of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display f ormat setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction).
E-23 Sexa gesimal Calculations •P erforming the following types of se xagesimal calculations produces a se xagesimal result. -A ddition or subtraction of two se xagesimal values -M ultiplication or .
E-24 Using Calculation History Memory and Replay Calculation history memor y maintains a record of each calculation e xpression y ou input and e xecute, and its result.
E-25 Using Calculator Memory Memory Name Description An sw er Memo ry Stores the last calculation result obtained. Calculation results can be added to or sub- Independent tracted from independent memory . The “M” Memory display indicator indicates data in independent memory .
E-26 Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression Example: To perform the calculations shown below: LINE 123+456= 789- G = k Independent Memory (M) Y ou can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory . The “M” appears on the display when independent memory contains a value.
E-27 Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory • If the “M” indicator is on the displa y , perform the procedure under “Clearing Independent Memor y” before perf orming this example.
E-28 Using CALC The CALC feature lets y ou input a calculation e xpression that contains v ar iab les, and then assign values to the v ariables and perf or m the calculation.
E-29 s (or = ) 10= •T o exit CALC , press A . • If the expression y ou are using contains more than one variable , an input prompt appears for each one . Appendix <#016> Cal culate a n +1 = a n + 2 n (a 1 = 1) as the value of a n changes from a 2 to a 5 .
E-30 •A n error (V ariable ERR OR) occurs when the solution variable is not included in the expression being solv ed. k Example SOL VE Operation Example: To solve y = ax 2 + b for x when y = 0, a = 1, and b = –2. MA TH S f (Y) Ss (=) S y (A) S ) (X) w + S e (B) 1 ) (,) S ) (X) 1s (SOL VE) Math Prompts for input of a v alue f or Y .
E-31 • SOL VE uses Newton’ s Method, so e ven if there are multiple solutions, only one of them will be returned. •N ew ton’s Method can ha ve prob lems obtaining solutions for the f ollowing types of functions. -A per iodic function ( y = sin( x ), etc.
E-32 Function Calculations This section explains ho w to use the calculator’ s built-in functions. The functions av ailable to you depends on the calculation mode y ou are in. The e xplanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are av ailable in all calculation modes.
E-33 k Con verting an Input V alue to the Calculator’ s Default Angle Unit After inputting a value , press 1G (DRG ' ) to displa y the angle unit specification menu shown belo w . Press the number ke y that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value .
E-34 Appendix <#023> to <#025> *1 A base of 10 (common logarithm) is used if no base is specified. k Po wer Functions and P ower Root Functions •P ower functions and power root functions can be used in the COMP , ST A T , EQN, MA TRIX, T ABLE, and VECTOR calculation modes .
E-35 Tips on Impr oving Integration V alue Accuracy •W hen a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f ( x ) function values P erf or m separate integrations f or each cycle, or f or the positive part and the negative par t, and then combine the results.
E-36 k Differential Calculations Y our calculator performs differential calculations b y approximating the derivativ e based on centered difference appro ximation. d / dx ( f ( x ), a , tol ) f ( x ): Function of X (All non-X v ariables are treated as constants.
E-37 k Σ Calculations With Σ (, you can obtain the sum of an input f ( x ) e xpression for a specific range . Σ calculations are perf ormed using the follo wing for m ula. Σ ( f ( x ), a , b ) = f ( a ) + f ( a + 1) + .... + f ( b ) f ( x ): Function of X (All non-X v ariables are treated as constants.
E-38 • If you perf or m coordinate con version inside of an e xpression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r -v alue or the X-value) produced b y the conv ersion.
E-39 Rounding Function (Rnd) This function rounds the value or the result of the e xpression in the function’ s argument to the number of significant digits specified by the number of displa y digits setting. Display Digits Setting: Norm1 or Nor m2 The mantissa is rounded to 10 digits.
E-40 (Check rounded result.) *14= FIX k Practical Examples Appendix <#042> ∫ (sin X + cos X ) 2 dX = π 0 π ( tol : Not specified) <#043> Confirm that the two sides of the f ollowing eq.
E-41 Note •W hen you transf or m from decimal f orm to standard form, the calculator automatically decides the standard form to use. Y ou cannot specify the standard form. Fr action: The current fraction displa y format setting determines whether the result is an improper fraction or mixed fraction.
E-42 Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX) Y our calculator can perform the following comple x number calculations. •A ddition, subtraction, multiplication, division •A rgument and absolute value ca.
E-43 •W ith Linear f or mat, the real par t and imaginary par t are shown in two diff erent lines. Example 2: ' 2 ∠ 45 = 1 + i (Angle Unit: Deg) MA TH ! 2 e 1 y ( ∠ ) 45= Math CMPLX Example.
E-44 k Absolute V alue and Argument (Abs, arg) Y ou can use the following procedure to obtain the absolute v alue (|Z|) and argument (arg) on the Gaussian plane f or a complex n umber of the f or mat Z = a + b i . 1w (Abs); 1 2 (CMPLX) 1 (arg) Appendix <#051> Obtain the absolute value and argument of 2 + 2 i .
E-45 ST A T Editor Screen There are two ST A T editor screen formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected. Single-variable Statistics Paired-v ariable Statistics • The first line of the ST A T editor screen shows the value for the first sample or the values f or their first pair of samples.
E-46 ST A T Editor Screen Input Precautions • The number of lines in ST A T editor screen (the number of sample data values y ou can input) depends on the type of statistical data y ou selected, and on the Statistical Display setting of the calculator’ s setup screen.
E-47 Deleting All ST A T Editor Contents (1) Press 1 1 (ST A T) 3 (Edit). (2) Press 2 (Del-A). • This clears all of the sample data on the ST A T editor screen. Note •N ote that you can perf orm the procedures under “Inser ting a Line” and “Deleting All ST A T Editor Contents” only when the ST A T editor screen is on the display .
E-48 Single-variab le Menu Item Select this When you want to do this: menu item: Displa y the Distr sub-menu of commands for normal distr ibution calculations 7 Distr •F or more information, see “Distr Sub-men u”.
E-49 Distr Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 7 (Distr)) 1 P( 2 Q( 3 R( 4 ' t This menu can be used to calculate the probability of standard normal distribution.
E-50 Commands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected With linear regression, reg ression is performed in accordance with the f ollowing model equation.
E-51 Reg Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 7 (Reg)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 AR egression coefficient constant term A 2 BR egression coefficient B 3 r Correlation coefficient r 4 m.
E-52 Comments f or Other T ypes of Regression F or details about the calculation f or mula of the command included in each regression type, ref er to the indicated calculation f ormulas ( Appendix <#069> to <#073>).
E-53 k Number Base Setting and V alue Input Use the ke ys listed below to specify the number base. The ke y markings used in this section are the ones that are above each ke y , on the right.
E-54 Specifying the Base during Input The BASE-N Mode lets you o verride the current default n umber base setting and input a particular value using a different base. When inputting the value , press 1 3 (BASE) c to display page two of the BASE menu, and then press the number k ey that corresponds to the base you w ant to specify .
E-55 Press this key: When you want to input this: 5 (Not) “Not(” function, which returns the result of a bitwise complement 6 (Neg) “Neg(” function, which retur ns the result of a two’ s com.
E-56 k Inputting Coefficients Use the coefficient editor screen to input the coefficients of an equation. The coefficient editor screen shows input cells f or each of the coefficients required by the currently selected equation type .
E-57 • In the case of simultaneous linear equations, y ou can use f and c to s witch the display between the solutions f or X and Y (and Z). •W hen there are multiple solutions f or a quadratic or cubic equation, y ou can use the f and c ke ys to scroll the displa y between X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 .
E-58 (3 )P ress a number ke y ( 1 through 6 ) to specify the matr ix dimension you want to use . •P ressing a number key to specify the matrix dimension causes the matrix editor screen to appear. (4) Use the matr ix editor screen to input each of the elements into the matrix.
E-59 •Y ou cannot edit the contents of a cell. •T o switch to the matrix calculation screen, press A . •W hile the MatAns screen is on the display , you can press an arithmetic operator key (lik e + or - ) and use the screen contents in a subsequent calculation, just as with Answ er Memor y contents.
E-60 <#104> Obtain the absolute value (Abs(MatB)) of each element of Matrix B. •U se 1w (Abs). <#105> Determine the square (MatA 2 ) or cube (MatA 3 ) of Matrix A. •U se w to specify squar ing, and 1 w ( x 3 ) to specify cubing. Note that y ou cannot use 6 f or this input.
E-61 (4) After specifying the star t value, press = . • This displa ys the end value input screen. •S pecify the end value. (5) After specifying the end value, press = .
E-62 Note •C ertain functions and Star t, End, Step value combinations can cause number table gener ation to take a long time. k Number T able Screen The number tab le screen shows x -values calculated using the specified Start, End, and Step values, as well as the v alues obtained when each x -value is substituted in the function f ( x ).
E-63 (4) Use the vector editor screen to input each element. •I nput is subject to the same r ules as those that gov ern the coefficient editor screen in the EQN Mode. F or more information, see “Rules for Inputting and Editing Coefficients”. • If you want to create another v ector , repeat this procedure from step (1).
E-64 Appendix <#106> Store VctA = (1, 2) and VctC = (2, –1, 2). <#107> Copy VctA = (1, 2) to VctB and then edit V ector B to VctB = (3, 4). • The follo wing examples use the v ectors input in Examples <#106> and <#107> (VctA, VctB, VctC).
E-65 •T he values are based on ISO Standards (1992) and CODA T A Recommended V alues (1998). For details, see Appendix <#114>. Appendix <#115> and <#116> P erf or m all of these examples in the COMP Mode ( N 1 ).
E-66 3. F ractions: a b / c 4. Prefix symbol: (–) (negative sign) d, h, b , o (base n symbol) 5. Metric conversion commands: cm ' in, etc. Statistical estimated value calculation: m , n , m 1 , m 2 6. P ermutations, combinations: n P r , n C r Complex polar f orm symbol: ∠ 7.
E-67 A Stack ERR OR occurs when the calculation you are perf orming causes the capacity of either stac k to be exceeded. Stack Issues to K eep in Mind for Each Mode •I n the CMPLX Mode, each input value uses two le vels of the numeric stack, regardless of whether the input v alue is a real number or a complex number .
E-68 Functions Input Range tanh x 0 x 9.999999999 10 99 tanh – 1 x 0 x 9.999999999 10 –1 log x /ln x 0 x 9.999999999 10 99 10 x –9.999999999 10 99 x 99.99999999 e x –9.999999999 10 99 x 230.
E-69 k Error Messa g es The calculator will displa y an error message when a result exceeds the calculation r ange, when y ou attempt an illegal input, or whenev er any other similar problem occurs. When an error messa ge appears... The follo wing are general operations you can use when an y error message appears.
E-70 • Action •M a k e necessar y corrections. Dimension ERR OR (MA TRIX and VECT OR Modes only) • Cause • The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calculation was input without specifying its dimension. •Y ou are trying to perform a calculation with matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation.
E-71 k Before assuming malfunction of the calculator ... Pe rform the following steps whene v er an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you e xpected. If one step does not correct the problem, mo ve on to the next step .
E-72 1 Press 1A (OFF) to tur n off the calculator . •T o ensure that you do not accidentally turn on power while replacing the batter y , slide the hard case onto the front of the calculator . 2 On the back of the calculator , remov e the screw and the battery cover .
CASIO COMPUTER CO. , L TD . 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan SA0411-B Printed in China.
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